Microsystems & Nanoengineering最新文献

{"title":"On-demand zero-drag hydrodynamic cloaks resolve D'Alembert paradox in viscous potential flows.","authors":"Neng-Zhi Yao, Bin Wang, Hao Wang, Chen-Long Wu, Tien-Mo Shih, Xuesheng Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00824-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00824-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The possibility of freely manipulating flow in accordance with humans will remain indispensable for breakthroughs in fields such as microfluidics, nanoengineering, and biomedicines, as well as for realizing zero-drag hydrodynamics, which is essential for alleviating the global energy crisis. However, persistent challenges arise from the D'Alembert paradox and the unresolved Navier-Stokes solutions, known as the Millennium Problem. These obstacles also complicate the development of hydrodynamic zero-drag cloaks across diverse Reynolds numbers. Our research introduces a paradigm for such cloaks, relying exclusively on isotropic and homogeneous viscosity. Through experimental and numerical validations, our cloaks exhibit zero-drag properties, effectively resolving the D'Alembert paradox in viscous potential flows. Moreover, they possess the capability to activate or deactivate hydrodynamic concealment at will. Our analysis emphasizes the critical role of vorticity manipulation in realizing cloaking effects and drag-reduction technology. Therefore, controlling vorticity emerges as a pivotal aspect for future active hydrodynamic zero-drag cloak designs. In conclusion, our study challenges the prevailing belief in the impossibility of zero drag, offering valuable insights into invisibility characteristics in fluid mechanics with implications for microfluidics, biofluidics demanding the drug release or biomolecules transportation accurately and timely, and hypervelocity technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"188"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionary self-powered transducing mechanism for long-lasting and stable glucose monitoring: achieving selective and sensitive bacterial endospore germination in microengineered paper-based platforms.","authors":"Yang Gao, Anwar Elhadad, Seokheun Choi","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00836-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00836-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We introduce a groundbreaking proof-of-concept for a novel glucose monitoring transducing mechanism, marking the first demonstration of a spore-forming microbial whole-cell sensing platform. The approach uses selective and sensitive germination of Bacillus subtilis spores in response to glucose in potassium-rich bodily fluids such as sweat. As the rate of germination and the number of metabolically active germinating cells are directly proportional to glucose concentration, the electrogenic activity of these cells-manifested as electricity-serves as a self-powered transducing signal for glucose detection. Within a microengineered, paper-based microbial fuel cell (MFC), these electrical power outputs are measurable and can be visually displayed through a compact interface, providing real-time alerts. The dormant spores extend shelf-life, and the self-replicating bacteria ensure robustness. The MFC demonstrated a remarkable sensitivity of 2.246 µW·(log mM)^-1·cm^-2 to glucose concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 10 mM, with a notably lower limit of detection at ~0.07 mM. The sensor exhibited exceptional selectivity, accurately detecting glucose even in the presence of various interferents. Comparative analyses revealed that, unlike conventional enzymatic biosensors whose performance degrades significantly through time even when inactive, the spore-based MFC is stable for extended periods and promptly regains functionality when needed. This preliminary investigation indicates that the spore-forming microbial whole-cell sensing strategy holds considerable promise for efficient diabetes management and can be extended toward noninvasive wearable monitoring, overcoming critical challenges of current technologies and paving the way for advanced biosensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"187"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprinting of a multi-composition array to mimic intra-tumor heterogeneity of glioblastoma for drug evaluation.","authors":"Gihyun Lee, Soo Jee Kim, Yejin Choi, Jongho Park, Je-Kyun Park","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00843-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00843-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microextrusion printing is widely used to precisely manufacture microdevices, microphysiological systems, and biological constructs that feature micropatterns and microstructures consisting of various materials. This method is particularly useful for creating biological models that recapitulate in vivo-like cellular microenvironments. Although there is a recent demand for high-throughput data from a single in vitro system, it remains challenging to fabricate multiple models with a small volume of bioinks in a stable and precise manner due to the spreading and evaporation issues of the extruded hydrogel. As printing time increases, the extruded bioink spreads and evaporates, leading to technical problems that decrease printing resolution and stability, as well as biological problems that affect 3D culture space and cell viability. In this study, we describe a novel microextrusion bioprinting technique to stably fabricate a multi-composition array consisting of massive and nanoliter-scale hydrogel dots by using multi-bioink printing and aerosol-based crosslinking techniques to prevent spreading and evaporation issues. We confirmed that the crosslinking aerosol effectively prevented spreading and evaporation by analyzing the morphological changes of the extruded hydrogel. By adjusting the extruding ratio of the bioinks, we were able to print a multi-composition array. This stable and massive array printing technique allowed us to improve the replicates of biological models and provide various data from a single culture system. The array printing technique was applied to recapitulate the intra-tumor heterogeneity of glioblastoma and assess temozolomide efficacy on the array model.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11634888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuously superior-strong carbon nanofibers by additive nanostructuring and carbonization of polyacrylonitrile jetting.","authors":"Jufeng Deng, Chong Liu, Marc Madou","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00800-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00800-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon nanofibers show the advantages of scale effects on electrical and mechanical properties for applications such as aerospace^1,2, automotive^3,4, and energy^5,6, but have to confront the challenge of maximizing the role of scale effects. Here, a method of additive nanostructuring and carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) jetting for the nano-forming of carbon fibers is developed by understanding the electrostatic submicro-initiation of a PAN jetting, altering the microstructure of PAN-based jetting fibers at the nanoscale and implementing subsequent carbonization of PAN jetting nanofiber. Using this method of additive nanostructuring and carbonization in combination with the radial distribution pattern of shear stress, we find that the conformation of some molecular chains inside the PAN nanofibers is transformed into the zigzag conformation. The ability to materialize and carbonize such PAN nanofibers with various conformational structures in the form of arrays on diverse micro-structures and macro-substrates enables the forming of continuous carbon nanofibers with a diameter of ~20 nm and allows the tensile strength of carbon fibers to be enhanced to 212 GPa through the combination of zigzag conformation and nanoscale effects. These advantages create opportunities for the application of maximizing nanoscale effects that have not previously been technically possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142807086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile and versatile PDMS-glass capillary double emulsion formation device coupled with rapid purification toward microfluidic giant liposome generation.","authors":"Mostafa Bakouei, Ali Kalantarifard, Indraja Sundara Raju, Tatiana Avsievich, Lauri Rannaste, Marjut Kreivi, Caglar Elbuken","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00815-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00815-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exceptional ability of liposomes to mimic a cellular lipid membrane makes them invaluable tools in biomembrane studies and bottom-up synthetic biology. Microfluidics provides a promising toolkit for creating giant liposomes in a controlled manner. Nevertheless, challenges associated with the microfluidic formation of double emulsions, as precursors to giant liposomes, limit the full exploration of this potential. In this study, we propose a PDMS-glass capillary hybrid device as a facile and versatile tool for the formation of double emulsions which not only eliminates the need for selective surface treatment, a well-known problem with PDMS formation chips, but also provides fabrication simplicity and reusability compared to the glass-capillary formation chips. These advantages make the presented device a versatile tool for forming double emulsions with varying sizes (spanning two orders of magnitude in diameter), shell thickness, number of compartments, and choice of solvents. We achieved robust thin shell double emulsion formation by operating the hybrid chip in double dripping mode without performing hydrophilic/phobic treatment a priori. In addition, as an alternative to the conventional, time-consuming density-based separation method, a tandem separation chip is developed to deliver double emulsions free of any oil droplet contamination in a continuous and rapid manner without any need for operator handling. The applicability of the device was demonstrated by forming giant liposomes using the solvent extraction method. This easy-to-replicate, flexible, and reliable microfluidic platform for the formation and separation of double emulsion templates paves the way for the high-throughput microfluidic generation of giant liposomes and synthetic cells, opening exciting avenues for biomimetic research. The presented giant liposome assembly line features a novel treatment-free hybrid chip for double emulsion formation coupled with a high throughput separation chip for sample purification.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker detection based on nanoparticle-induced ultrasonic Rayleigh scattering.","authors":"Wangyang Zhang, Chaoshan Zhao, Haoliang Jia, Tao Liu, Jiaqian Yang, Pengfan Wu, Xiaojing Mu","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00808-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00808-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultrasonic biochemical detection is important for biomarker detection, drug monitoring, and medical diagnosis, as it can predict disease progression and enable effective measures to be taken in a timely manner. However, the ultrasonic technology currently used for biochemical marker detection is directly modified on the surface of the device. The associated test methods are costly and unreliable while having poor repeatability; therefore, they cannot achieve low-cost rapid testing. In this study, a detection mechanism based on the Rayleigh scattering of acoustic waves caused by nanoparticles, which causes changes in the received sound pressure, was developed for the first time. The modification of antibodies on an insertable substrate decouples the functionalization step from the sensor surface and facilitates the application of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) in conjunction with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) for CA19-9 cancer antigen detection. A corresponding detection theory was established, and the relevant parameters of the theoretical formula were verified using different nanoparticles. Using our fabricated CMUT chip with a resonant frequency of 1 MHz, the concentrations and substances of the CA19-9 antigen markers were successfully measured. In the concentration range of 0.1-1000 U/mL, the receiving voltage decreased with increasing concentration. Further investigations revealed that the influence of other interfering markers in the human body can be ignored, demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of biochemical detection based on CMUTs combined with nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618333/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supra- and sub-threshold intracellular-like recording of 2D and 3D neuronal networks using nanopillar electrode arrays.","authors":"Shivani Shukla, Joshua L Schwartz, Callum Walsh, Wen Mai Wong, Vrund Patel, Yu-Peng Hsieh, Chichi Onwuasoanya, Shaoming Chen, Andreas Offenhäusser, Gert Cauwenberghs, Francesca Santoro, Alysson R Muotri, Gene W Yeo, Sreekanth H Chalasani, Zeinab Jahed","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00817-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00817-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brain integrates activity across networks of interconnected neurons to generate behavioral outputs. Several physiological and imaging-based approaches have been previously used to monitor responses of individual neurons. While these techniques can identify cellular responses greater than the neuron's action potential threshold, less is known about the events that are smaller than this threshold or are localized to subcellular compartments. Here we use NEAs to obtain temporary intracellular access to neurons allowing us to record information-rich data that indicates action potentials, and sub-threshold electrical activity. We demonstrate these recordings from primary hippocampal neurons, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC) neurons, and iPSC-derived brain organoids. Moreover, our results show that our arrays can record activity from subcellular compartments of the neuron. We suggest that these data might enable us to correlate activity changes in individual neurons with network behavior, a key goal of systems neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11618331/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A handheld HIV detection platform using paper-based sample preparation and real-time isothermal amplification.","authors":"George Adedokun, Gurjit Sidhu, Morteza Alipanah, Gary P Wang, Z Hugh Fan","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00822-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00822-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early and accurate diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is essential for timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and prevention of new infections. However, conventional nucleic-acid-based tests for HIV detection require sophisticated laboratory equipment and trained personnel, which are often unavailable at the point-of-care (POC) or unaffordable in resource-limited settings. We report our development of a low-cost, integrated platform for POC testing of HIV. The platform integrates viral nucleic acid extraction on a paper substrate and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) in a portable, battery-powered heating device with real-time detection. The platform does not require laboratory infrastructure such as power outlets. The assay showed a detection limit of 30 copies/mL of HIV RNA in 140 μL human serum or 4 copies/reaction using 50 μL human serum, with no cross-reactivity with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We validated the platform using both plasma samples spiked with HIV and clinical samples from HIV-positive individuals, and compared it with standard laboratory assays based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These results demonstrate the feasibility of our platform for HIV testing at the POC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniaturized silicon-based capacitive six-axis force/torque sensor with large range, high sensitivity, and low crosstalk.","authors":"Renjie Tan, Yong Xia, Xiangguang Han, Linya Huang, Wendi Gao, Chen Jia, Ping Yang, Qijing Lin, Shujiang Ding, Chenying Wang, Libo Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00831-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00831-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Miniaturized six-axis force/torque sensors have potential applications in robotic tactile sensing, minimally invasive surgery, and other narrow operating spaces, where currently available commercial sensors cannot meet the requirements because of their large size. In this study, a silicon-based capacitive six-axis force/torque sensing chip with a small size of 9.3 × 9.3 × 0.98 mm was designed, fabricated, and tested. A sandwich decoupling structure with a symmetrical layered arrangement of S-shaped beams, comb capacitors, and parallel capacitors was employed. A decoupling theory considering eccentricity and nonlinear effects was derived to realize low axial crosstalk. The proposed S-shaped beams achieved a large measurement range through stress optimization. The results of a coupled multiphysics field finite-element simulation agreed well with those of theoretical analyses. The test results show that the proposed sensing chip can detect six-axis force/torque separately, with all crosstalk errors less than 2.59%FS. Its force and torque measurement ranges can reach as much as 2.5 N and 12.5 N·mm, respectively. The sensing chip also has high sensitivities of 0.52 pF/N and 0.27 pF/(N·mm) for force and torque detection, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"180"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-selective microfluidics delineate the effects of combinatorial immunotherapy on T-cell response dynamics at the single-cell level.","authors":"Ayan Chatterjee, Aniket Bandyopadhyay, Tapas Kumar Maiti, Tarun Kanti Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1038/s41378-024-00769-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41378-024-00769-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular communication at the single-cell level holds immense potential for uncovering response heterogeneity in immune cell behaviors. However, because of significant size diversity among different immune cell types, controlling the pairing of cells with substantial size differences remains a formidable challenge. We developed a microfluidic platform for size-selective pairing (SSP) to pair single cells with up to a fivefold difference in size, achieving over 40% pairing efficiency. We used SSP to investigate the real-time effects of combinatorial immunotherapeutic stimulation on macrophage T-cell interactions at the single-cell level via fluorescence microscopy and microfluidic sampling. While combinatorial activation involving toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) has improved therapeutic efficacy in mice, its clinical success has been limited. Here, we investigated immune synaptic interactions and outcomes at the single-cell level in real time and compared them with bulk-level measurements. Our findings, after tracking and computationally analyzing the effects of sequential and spatiotemporal stimulations of primary mouse macrophages, suggest a regulatory role of rapamycin in dampening inflammatory outputs in T cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18560,"journal":{"name":"Microsystems & Nanoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"178"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11589710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142716774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}