Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews最新文献

How human papillomavirus (HPV) targets DNA repair pathways for viral replication: from guardian to accomplice.

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00153-23

Arushi Vats, Laimonis Laimins

{"title":"How human papillomavirus (HPV) targets DNA repair pathways for viral replication: from guardian to accomplice.","authors":"Arushi Vats, Laimonis Laimins","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00153-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00153-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small DNA viruses that are responsible for significant disease burdens worldwide, including cancers of the cervix, anogenital tract, and oropharynx. HPVs infect stratified epithelia at a variety of body locations and link their productive life cycles to the differentiation of the host cell. These viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to exploit cellular pathways, such as DNA damage repair (DDR), to regulate their life cycles. HPVs activate key DDR pathways such as ATM, ATR, and FA, which are critical for maintaining genomic integrity but are often dysregulated in cancers. Importantly, these DDR pathways are essential for HPV replication in undifferentiated cells and amplification upon differentiation. The ability to modulate these DDR pathways not only enables HPV persistence but also contributes to cellular transformation. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms by which HPV manipulates the host DDR pathways and how these depend upon enhanced topoisomerase activity and R-loop formation. Furthermore, the strategies to manipulate DDR pathways utilized by high-risk HPVs are compared with those used by other DNA viruses that exhibit similarities and distinct differences.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0015323"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resolving spatiotemporal dynamics in bacterial multicellular populations: approaches and challenges.

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00138-24

Suyen Solange Espinoza Miranda, Gorkhmaz Abbaszade, Wolfgang R Hess, Knut Drescher, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Vasily Zaburdaev, Liraz Chai, Klaus Dreisewerd, Alexander Grünberger, Christian Westendorf, Susann Müller, Thorsten Mascher

{"title":"Resolving spatiotemporal dynamics in bacterial multicellular populations: approaches and challenges.","authors":"Suyen Solange Espinoza Miranda, Gorkhmaz Abbaszade, Wolfgang R Hess, Knut Drescher, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Vasily Zaburdaev, Liraz Chai, Klaus Dreisewerd, Alexander Grünberger, Christian Westendorf, Susann Müller, Thorsten Mascher","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00138-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00138-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe development of multicellularity represents a key evolutionary transition that is crucial for the emergence of complex life forms. Although multicellularity has traditionally been studied in eukaryotes, it originates in prokaryotes. Coordinated aggregation of individual cells within the confines of a colony results in emerging, higher-level functions that benefit the population as a whole. During colony differentiation, an almost infinite number of ecological and physiological population-forming forces are at work, creating complex, intricate colony structures with divergent functions. Understanding the assembly and dynamics of such populations requires resolving individual cells or cell groups within such macroscopic structures. Addressing how each cell contributes to the collective action requires pushing the resolution boundaries of key technologies that will be presented in this review. In particular, single-cell techniques provide powerful tools for studying bacterial multicellularity with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. These advancements include novel microscopic techniques, mass spectrometry imaging, flow cytometry, spatial transcriptomics, single-bacteria RNA sequencing, and the integration of spatiotemporal transcriptomics with microscopy, alongside advanced microfluidic cultivation systems. This review encourages exploring the synergistic potential of the new technologies in the study of bacterial multicellularity, with a particular focus on individuals in differentiated bacterial biofilms (colonies). It highlights how resolving population structures at the single-cell level and understanding their respective functions can elucidate the overarching functions of bacterial multicellular populations.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0013824"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vesicular mechanisms of drug resistance in apicomplexan parasites.

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00010-24

Kasturi Haldar, Souvik Bhattacharjee

{"title":"Vesicular mechanisms of drug resistance in apicomplexan parasites.","authors":"Kasturi Haldar, Souvik Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00010-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00010-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYVesicular mechanisms of drug resistance are known to exist across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Vesicles are sacs that form when a lipid bilayer 'bends' to engulf and isolate contents from the cytoplasm or extracellular environment. They have a wide range of functions, including vehicles of communication within and across cells, trafficking of protein intermediates to their rightful organellar destinations, and carriers of substrates destined for autophagy. This review will provide an in-depth understanding of vesicular mechanisms of apicomplexan parasites, Plasmodium and Toxoplasma (that respectively cause malaria and toxoplasmosis). It will integrate mechanistic and evolutionarily insights gained from these and other pathogenic eukaryotes to develop a new model for plasmodial resistance to artemisinins, a class of drugs that have been the backbone of modern campaigns to eliminate malaria worldwide. We also discuss extracellular vesicles that present major vesicular mechanisms of drug resistance in parasite protozoa (that apicomplexans are part of). Finally, we provide a broader context of clinical drug resistance mechanisms of Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, as well as Cryptosporidium and Babesia, that are prominent members of the phyla, causative agents of cryptosporidiosis and babesiosis and significant for human and animal health.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0001024"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple sclerosis and infection: history, EBV, and the search for mechanism. 多发性硬化症和感染：历史、EBV和机制的研究。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00119-23

Elliott D SoRelle, Micah A Luftig

引用次数: 0

Variable surface antigen expression, virulence, and persistent infection by Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. 可变表面抗原表达、毒力和恶性疟原虫的持续感染。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00114-23

Evi Hadjimichael, Kirk W Deitsch

{"title":"Variable surface antigen expression, virulence, and persistent infection by Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites.","authors":"Evi Hadjimichael, Kirk W Deitsch","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00114-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00114-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is known for its ability to maintain lengthy infections that can extend for over a year. This property is derived from the parasite's capacity to continuously alter the antigens expressed on the surface of the infected red blood cell, thereby avoiding antibody recognition and immune destruction. The primary target of the immune system is an antigen called PfEMP1 that serves as a cell surface receptor and enables infected cells to adhere to the vascular endothelium and thus avoid filtration by the spleen. The parasite's genome encodes approximately 60 antigenically distinct forms of PfEMP1, each encoded by individual members of the multicopy var gene family. This provides the parasite with a repertoire of antigenic types that it systematically cycles through over the course of an infection, thereby maintaining an infection until the repertoire is exhausted. While this model of antigenic variation based on var gene switching explains the dynamics of acute infections in individuals with limited anti-malarial immunity, it fails to explain reports of chronic, asymptomatic infections that can last over a decade. Recent field studies have led to a re-evaluation of previous conclusions regarding the prevalence of chronic infections, and the application of new technologies has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that enable chronic infections and how these processes evolved.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0011423"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights into ecology, pathogenesis, and biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis from functional genomics. 从功能基因组学深入了解粪肠球菌的生态学、发病机制和生物膜形成。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00081-23

Julia L E Willett, Gary M Dunny

{"title":"Insights into ecology, pathogenesis, and biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis from functional genomics.","authors":"Julia L E Willett, Gary M Dunny","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00081-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00081-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYEnterococcus faecalis is a significant resident of the gastrointestinal tract of most animals, including humans. Although generally non-pathogenic in healthy hosts, this microbe is adept at the exploitation of compromises in host immune functions, resulting in life-threatening opportunistic infections whose treatments are complicated by a high degree of intrinsic and acquired resistance to antimicrobial chemotherapy. Historically, progress in enterococcal research was limited by a lack of experimental models that replicate natural infection pathways and the relevance of in vitro studies to the natural biology of the organism. In this review, we summarize the history of enterococcal research during the 20th and early 21st centuries and describe more recent genetic and genomic tools and screens developed to address challenges in the field. We also describe how the results of recent studies reveal the importance of previously uncharacterized enterococcal genes, and we provide examples of interesting determinants that have emerged as important contributors to enterococcal biology. These factors may also serve as targets for future vaccines and chemotherapeutic agents to combat life-threatening hospital infections.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0008123"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human coronaviruses: activation and antagonism of innate immune responses. 人冠状病毒：先天免疫反应的激活和拮抗。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00016-23

Nikhila S Tanneti, Helen A Stillwell, Susan R Weiss

引用次数: 0

The multifaceted roles of phosphoethanolamine-modified lipopolysaccharides: from stress response and virulence to cationic antimicrobial resistance. 磷脂酰乙醇胺修饰的脂多糖的多方面作用：从应激反应和毒力到阳离子抗菌性。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-18 Epub Date: 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00193-23

Anna Schumann, Ahmed Gaballa, Martin Wiedmann

{"title":"The multifaceted roles of phosphoethanolamine-modified lipopolysaccharides: from stress response and virulence to cationic antimicrobial resistance.","authors":"Anna Schumann, Ahmed Gaballa, Martin Wiedmann","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00193-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00193-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYLipopolysaccharides (LPS) are an integral part of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and play essential structural and functional roles in maintaining membrane integrity as well as in stress response and virulence. LPS comprises a membrane-anchored lipid A group, a sugar-based core region, and an O-antigen formed by repeating oligosaccharide units. 3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid-lipid A (Kdo2-lipid A) is the minimum LPS component required for bacterial survival. While LPS modifications are not essential, they play multifaceted roles in stress response and host-pathogen interactions. Gram-negative bacteria encode several distinct LPS-modifying phosphoethanolamine transferases (PET) that add phosphoethanolamine (pEtN) to lipid A or the core region of LPS. The pet genes differ in their genomic locations, regulation mechanisms, and modification targets of the encoded enzyme, consistent with their various roles in different growth niches and under varied stress conditions. The discovery of mobile colistin resistance genes, which represent lipid A-modifying pet genes that are encoded on mobile elements and associated with resistance to the last-resort antibiotic colistin, has led to substantial interest in PETs and pEtN-modified LPS over the last decade. Here, we will review the current knowledge of the functional diversity of pEtN-based LPS modifications, including possible roles in niche-specific fitness advantages and resistance to host-produced antimicrobial peptides, and discuss how the genetic and structural diversities of PETs may impact their function. An improved understanding of the PET group will further enhance our comprehension of the stress response and virulence of Gram-negative bacteria and help contextualize host-pathogen interactions.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0019323"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacterial acquisition of host fatty acids has far-reaching implications on virulence. 细菌获取宿主脂肪酸对毒力有深远影响。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-18 Epub Date: 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00126-24

Jack K Waters, Bart A Eijkelkamp

引用次数: 0

From soil to clinic: current advances in understanding Coccidioides and coccidioidomycosis. 从土壤到临床：了解球孢子菌和球孢子菌病的最新进展。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2024-12-18 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00161-23

Katrina M Jackson, Marcus de Melo Teixeira, Bridget M Barker

{"title":"From soil to clinic: current advances in understanding Coccidioides and coccidioidomycosis.","authors":"Katrina M Jackson, Marcus de Melo Teixeira, Bridget M Barker","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00161-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00161-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYCoccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are fungal pathogens that cause systemic mycoses and are prevalent in arid regions in the Americas. While C. immitis mainly occurs in California and Washington, C. posadasii is widely distributed across North and South America. Both species induce coccidioidomycosis (San Joaquin Valley fever or, more commonly, Valley fever), with reported cases surging in the United States, notably in California and Arizona. Moreover, cases in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico are on the rise. Climate change and environmental alterations conducive to Coccidioides spp. proliferation have been recently explored. Diagnostic challenges contribute to delayed treatment initiation, compounded by limited therapeutic options. Although antifungal drugs are often effective treatments, some patients do not respond to current therapies, underscoring the urgent need for a vaccine, particularly for vulnerable populations over 60 years old relocating to endemic areas. Despite recent progress, gaps persist in the understanding of Coccidioides ecology, host immune responses, and vaccine development. This review synthesizes recent research advancements in Coccidioides ecology, genomics, and immune responses, emphasizing ongoing efforts to develop a human vaccine.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0016123"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0