Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews最新文献

Fatty acid synthesis and utilization in gram-positive bacteria: insights from Bacillus subtilis. 革兰氏阳性菌脂肪酸的合成和利用：来自枯草芽孢杆菌的见解。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00069-23

María Cecilia Mansilla, Diego de Mendoza

{"title":"Fatty acid synthesis and utilization in gram-positive bacteria: insights from Bacillus subtilis.","authors":"María Cecilia Mansilla, Diego de Mendoza","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00069-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00069-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, consisting of roughly equal proportions of proteins and lipids, plays a crucial role in cellular growth, metabolism, and maintaining the cytoplasmic boundary. It is a dynamic, fluid matrix that separates intracellular compartments, where lipids and proteins coexist in a highly organized yet flexible arrangement. Membrane fluidity, defined as the inverse of viscosity, determines how rapidly molecules diffuse within the membrane at a given temperature. This property is vital for protein mobility and biomolecular interactions. Structurally, the membrane primarily comprises a lamellar lipid bilayer, with glycerophospholipids and fatty acids forming its core framework. In Bacillus subtilis, a key model organism for studying gram-positive bacterial physiology, major membrane lipids include phospholipids, glycolipids, and lipoteichoic acids, the latter anchored to diacylglycerol glycolipids. This review examines the synthesis and regulation of membrane lipids in B. subtilis, with a focus on fatty acid biosynthesis, its diversification, and post-synthetic modifications such as desaturation. It also explores the production of phosphatidic acid and the integration of fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis. We review the well-characterized pathway of cold-induced membrane lipid modification in B. subtilis, arguably the best-studied model system for temperature sensing. This pathway is tightly linked to transcriptional responses triggered by changes in bilayer viscosity, detected by a membrane-associated thermosensor. Finally, this review highlights the importance of fatty acid biosynthesis in B. subtilis differentiation and its contributions to the production of biotin and lipoic acid, two universal cofactors essential for fatty acid synthesis and intermediary metabolism.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0006923"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viral factors underlying the pandemic potential of influenza viruses. 流感病毒具有大流行潜力的病毒因素。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00066-24

Gabriele Neumann, Amie J Eisfeld, Yoshihiro Kawaoka

引用次数: 0

A roadmap to understanding and anticipating microbial gene transfer in soil communities. 了解和预测土壤群落中微生物基因转移的路线图。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00225-24

David L Gillett, Malyn Selinidis, Travis Seamons, Dalton George, Alexandria N Igwe, Ilenne Del Valle, Robert G Egbert, Kirsten S Hofmockel, Alicia L Johnson, Kirstin R W Matthews, Caroline A Masiello, Lauren B Stadler, James Chappell, Jonathan J Silberg

{"title":"A roadmap to understanding and anticipating microbial gene transfer in soil communities.","authors":"David L Gillett, Malyn Selinidis, Travis Seamons, Dalton George, Alexandria N Igwe, Ilenne Del Valle, Robert G Egbert, Kirsten S Hofmockel, Alicia L Johnson, Kirstin R W Matthews, Caroline A Masiello, Lauren B Stadler, James Chappell, Jonathan J Silberg","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00225-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00225-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYEngineered microbes are being programmed using synthetic DNA for applications in soil to overcome global challenges related to climate change, energy, food security, and pollution. However, we cannot yet predict gene transfer processes in soil to assess the frequency of unintentional transfer of engineered DNA to environmental microbes when applying synthetic biology technologies at scale. This challenge exists because of the complex and heterogeneous characteristics of soils, which contribute to the fitness and transport of cells and the exchange of genetic material within communities. Here, we describe knowledge gaps about gene transfer across soil microbiomes. We propose strategies to improve our understanding of gene transfer across soil communities, highlight the need to benchmark the performance of biocontainment measures in situ, and discuss responsibly engaging community stakeholders. We highlight opportunities to address knowledge gaps, such as creating a set of soil standards for studying gene transfer across diverse soil types and measuring gene transfer host range across microbiomes using emerging technologies. By comparing gene transfer rates, host range, and persistence of engineered microbes across different soils, we posit that community-scale, environment-specific models can be built that anticipate biotechnology risks. Such studies will enable the design of safer biotechnologies that allow us to realize the benefits of synthetic biology and mitigate risks associated with the release of such technologies.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0022524"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vitamin biosynthesis in the gut: interplay between mammalian host and its resident microbiota. 肠道中维生素的生物合成：哺乳动物宿主及其常驻微生物群之间的相互作用。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00184-23

Chiara Tarracchini, Cathy Lordan, Christian Milani, Luiza P D Moreira, Qusai M Alabedallat, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Francesca Turroni, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Leonardo Mancabelli, Giulia Longhi, Lorraine Brennan, Jennifer Mahony, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Kanishka N Nilaweera, Paul D Cotter, Douwe van Sinderen, Marco Ventura

{"title":"Vitamin biosynthesis in the gut: interplay between mammalian host and its resident microbiota.","authors":"Chiara Tarracchini, Cathy Lordan, Christian Milani, Luiza P D Moreira, Qusai M Alabedallat, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Francesca Turroni, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Leonardo Mancabelli, Giulia Longhi, Lorraine Brennan, Jennifer Mahony, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Kanishka N Nilaweera, Paul D Cotter, Douwe van Sinderen, Marco Ventura","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00184-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00184-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYIn recent years, exhaustive efforts have been made to dissect the composition of gut-associated microbial communities and associated interactions with their human host, which are thought to play a crucial role in host development, physiology, and metabolic functions. Although such studies were initially focused on the description of the compositional shifts in the microbiota that occur between different health conditions, more recently, they have provided key insights into the functional and metabolic contributions of the gut microbiota to overall host physiology. In this context, an important metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota is believed to be represented by the synthesis of various vitamins that may elicit considerable benefits to human health. A growing body of scientific literature is now available relating to (predicted) bacterial vitamin biosynthetic abilities, with ever-growing information concerning the prevalence of these biosynthetic abilities among members of the human microbiota. This review is aimed at disentangling if and how cooperative trophic interactions of human microbiota members contribute to vitamin production, and if such, gut microbiota-mediated vitamin production varies according to different life stages. Moreover, it offers a brief exploration of how different diets may influence vitamin production by shaping the overall composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota while also providing preliminary insights into potential correlations between human microbiota-associated vitamin production and the occurrence of human diseases and/or metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0018423"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A call for healing and unity. 呼吁愈合和团结。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-27 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00063-25

Patrick D Schloss

引用次数: 0

Recent developments in Aspergillus fumigatus research: diversity, drugs, and disease. 烟曲霉研究的最新进展：多样性、药物和疾病。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-27 Epub Date: 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00011-23

Nicole Kordana, Angus Johnson, Katherine Quinn, Joshua J Obar, Robert A Cramer

{"title":"Recent developments in Aspergillus fumigatus research: diversity, drugs, and disease.","authors":"Nicole Kordana, Angus Johnson, Katherine Quinn, Joshua J Obar, Robert A Cramer","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00011-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00011-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYAdvances in modern medical therapies for many previously intractable human diseases have improved patient outcomes. However, successful disease treatment outcomes are often prevented due to invasive fungal infections caused by the environmental mold Aspergillus fumigatus. As contemporary antifungal therapies have not experienced the same robust advances as other medical therapies, defining mechanisms of A. fumigatus disease initiation and progression remains a critical research priority. To this end, the World Health Organization recently identified A. fumigatus as a research priority human fungal pathogen and the Centers for Disease Control has highlighted the emergence of triazole-resistant A. fumigatus isolates. The expansion in the diversity of host populations susceptible to aspergillosis and the complex and dynamic A. fumigatus genotypic and phenotypic diversity call for a reinvigorated assessment of aspergillosis pathobiological and drug-susceptibility mechanisms. Here, we summarize recent advancements in the field and discuss challenges in our understanding of A. fumigatus heterogeneity and its pathogenesis in diverse host populations.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0001123"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resolving spatiotemporal dynamics in bacterial multicellular populations: approaches and challenges. 解决细菌多细胞群体的时空动态：方法和挑战。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-27 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00138-24

Suyen Solange Espinoza Miranda, Gorkhmaz Abbaszade, Wolfgang R Hess, Knut Drescher, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Vasily Zaburdaev, Liraz Chai, Klaus Dreisewerd, Alexander Grünberger, Christian Westendorf, Susann Müller, Thorsten Mascher

{"title":"Resolving spatiotemporal dynamics in bacterial multicellular populations: approaches and challenges.","authors":"Suyen Solange Espinoza Miranda, Gorkhmaz Abbaszade, Wolfgang R Hess, Knut Drescher, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Vasily Zaburdaev, Liraz Chai, Klaus Dreisewerd, Alexander Grünberger, Christian Westendorf, Susann Müller, Thorsten Mascher","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00138-24","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00138-24","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe development of multicellularity represents a key evolutionary transition that is crucial for the emergence of complex life forms. Although multicellularity has traditionally been studied in eukaryotes, it originates in prokaryotes. Coordinated aggregation of individual cells within the confines of a colony results in emerging, higher-level functions that benefit the population as a whole. During colony differentiation, an almost infinite number of ecological and physiological population-forming forces are at work, creating complex, intricate colony structures with divergent functions. Understanding the assembly and dynamics of such populations requires resolving individual cells or cell groups within such macroscopic structures. Addressing how each cell contributes to the collective action requires pushing the resolution boundaries of key technologies that will be presented in this review. In particular, single-cell techniques provide powerful tools for studying bacterial multicellularity with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. These advancements include novel microscopic techniques, mass spectrometry imaging, flow cytometry, spatial transcriptomics, single-bacteria RNA sequencing, and the integration of spatiotemporal transcriptomics with microscopy, alongside advanced microfluidic cultivation systems. This review encourages exploring the synergistic potential of the new technologies in the study of bacterial multicellularity, with a particular focus on individuals in differentiated bacterial biofilms (colonies). It highlights how resolving population structures at the single-cell level and understanding their respective functions can elucidate the overarching functions of bacterial multicellular populations.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0013824"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Variable surface antigen expression, virulence, and persistent infection by Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. 可变表面抗原表达、毒力和恶性疟原虫的持续感染。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-27 Epub Date: 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00114-23

Evi Hadjimichael, Kirk W Deitsch

{"title":"Variable surface antigen expression, virulence, and persistent infection by Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites.","authors":"Evi Hadjimichael, Kirk W Deitsch","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00114-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00114-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYThe human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is known for its ability to maintain lengthy infections that can extend for over a year. This property is derived from the parasite's capacity to continuously alter the antigens expressed on the surface of the infected red blood cell, thereby avoiding antibody recognition and immune destruction. The primary target of the immune system is an antigen called PfEMP1 that serves as a cell surface receptor and enables infected cells to adhere to the vascular endothelium and thus avoid filtration by the spleen. The parasite's genome encodes approximately 60 antigenically distinct forms of PfEMP1, each encoded by individual members of the multicopy var gene family. This provides the parasite with a repertoire of antigenic types that it systematically cycles through over the course of an infection, thereby maintaining an infection until the repertoire is exhausted. While this model of antigenic variation based on var gene switching explains the dynamics of acute infections in individuals with limited anti-malarial immunity, it fails to explain reports of chronic, asymptomatic infections that can last over a decade. Recent field studies have led to a re-evaluation of previous conclusions regarding the prevalence of chronic infections, and the application of new technologies has provided insights into the molecular mechanisms that enable chronic infections and how these processes evolved.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0011423"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142979106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Insights into ecology, pathogenesis, and biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis from functional genomics. 从功能基因组学深入了解粪肠球菌的生态学、发病机制和生物膜形成。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-27 Epub Date: 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00081-23

Julia L E Willett, Gary M Dunny

{"title":"Insights into ecology, pathogenesis, and biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis from functional genomics.","authors":"Julia L E Willett, Gary M Dunny","doi":"10.1128/mmbr.00081-23","DOIUrl":"10.1128/mmbr.00081-23","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARYEnterococcus faecalis is a significant resident of the gastrointestinal tract of most animals, including humans. Although generally non-pathogenic in healthy hosts, this microbe is adept at the exploitation of compromises in host immune functions, resulting in life-threatening opportunistic infections whose treatments are complicated by a high degree of intrinsic and acquired resistance to antimicrobial chemotherapy. Historically, progress in enterococcal research was limited by a lack of experimental models that replicate natural infection pathways and the relevance of in vitro studies to the natural biology of the organism. In this review, we summarize the history of enterococcal research during the 20th and early 21st centuries and describe more recent genetic and genomic tools and screens developed to address challenges in the field. We also describe how the results of recent studies reveal the importance of previously uncharacterized enterococcal genes, and we provide examples of interesting determinants that have emerged as important contributors to enterococcal biology. These factors may also serve as targets for future vaccines and chemotherapeutic agents to combat life-threatening hospital infections.","PeriodicalId":18520,"journal":{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews","volume":" ","pages":"e0008123"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11948497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human coronaviruses: activation and antagonism of innate immune responses. 人冠状病毒：先天免疫反应的激活和拮抗。

IF 8 1区生物学

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-27 Epub Date: 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00016-23

Nikhila S Tanneti, Helen A Stillwell, Susan R Weiss

引用次数: 0