Unraveling the complexities of neurotropic virus infection and immune evasion.

IF 8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Abhishek Kumar Verma, Stanley Perlman
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

SUMMARYNeurotropic viruses, a diverse group of pathogens targeting the central nervous system (CNS), utilize multiple mechanisms to invade this highly protected compartment. These include hematogenous spread, retrograde axonal transport, and Trojan horse strategies, enabling viral entry and dissemination. Once within the CNS, these viruses interact with resident immune cells such as microglia and astrocytes, triggering type I interferon responses critical for antiviral defense. However, neurotropic viruses employ immune evasion strategies, including inhibition of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), suppression of interferon signaling, and disruption of antigen presentation pathways, allowing them to evade immune detection. These tactics facilitate their productive replication within the CNS and, in some cases, lead to persistent infections, often resulting in severe neurological consequences such as encephalitis and neuronal damage. This review explores these dynamic interactions and emphasizes future research needs, particularly in understanding virus-host interactions and developing targeted therapeutics to combat these pathogens effectively.

揭示嗜神经病毒感染和免疫逃避的复杂性。
嗜神经病毒是一种以中枢神经系统(CNS)为目标的多种病原体,利用多种机制侵入这个高度保护的隔室。这些包括血液传播,逆行轴突运输和特洛伊木马策略,使病毒进入和传播。一旦进入中枢神经系统,这些病毒与小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞等常驻免疫细胞相互作用,触发对抗病毒防御至关重要的I型干扰素反应。然而,嗜神经病毒采用免疫逃避策略,包括抑制模式识别受体(PRRs)、抑制干扰素信号和破坏抗原递呈途径,使它们能够逃避免疫检测。这些策略促进了它们在中枢神经系统内的有效复制,在某些情况下,导致持续感染,通常导致严重的神经系统后果,如脑炎和神经元损伤。这篇综述探讨了这些动态相互作用,并强调了未来的研究需求,特别是在了解病毒-宿主相互作用和开发靶向治疗方法以有效地对抗这些病原体方面。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.80
自引率
0.80%
发文量
27
期刊介绍: Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews (MMBR), a journal that explores the significance and interrelationships of recent discoveries in various microbiology fields, publishes review articles that help both specialists and nonspecialists understand and apply the latest findings in their own research. MMBR covers a wide range of topics in microbiology, including microbial ecology, evolution, parasitology, biotechnology, and immunology. The journal caters to scientists with diverse interests in all areas of microbial science and encompasses viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, unicellular eukaryotes, and microbial parasites. MMBR primarily publishes authoritative and critical reviews that push the boundaries of knowledge, appealing to both specialists and generalists. The journal often includes descriptive figures and tables to enhance understanding. Indexed/Abstracted in various databases such as Agricola, BIOSIS Previews, CAB Abstracts, Cambridge Scientific Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents- Life Sciences, EMBASE, Food Science and Technology Abstracts, Illustrata, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Summon, and Scopus, among others.
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