IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab017

Lokesh Goel;Anamul H Mir;N Naveen Kumar;Parlapalli V Satyam;Jonathan A Hinks;Stephen E Donelly;Raghvendra Tewari

{"title":"Study on the dissolution of β-precipitates in the Zr–1Nb alloy under the influence of Ne ion irradiation","authors":"Lokesh Goel;Anamul H Mir;N Naveen Kumar;Parlapalli V Satyam;Jonathan A Hinks;Stephen E Donelly;Raghvendra Tewari","doi":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab017","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of β-precipitates in the Zr–1Nb alloy has been studied under Ne ion irradiation of energy 250 keV by insitu transmission electron microscope as a function of irradiation dose. The irradiation was carried out up to ∼136 dpa at 573 K. Microstructural investigations have shown that up to ∼38 dpa, precipitates showed an increase in size, and for irradiation doses >38 dpa, the size of the precipitates was noticed to reduce. Post-irradiation energy-dispersive spectrometry of the specimens revealed the Nb concentration throughout the matrix to be ∼0.8–1.5%. Three-dimensional atom probe tomography was also carried out for irradiated specimens to look for the presence of any nanoclusters. However, Nb clustering was not observed in the specimens. It is proposed that the dissolution of the precipitates may be facilitated by an increase in the solubility limit of Nb in Zr caused by irradiation. The solubility limit may increase by the introduction of defects generated by irradiation and by the destabilization of the β-phase. This may result in back-diffusion of Nb atoms to the matrix by radiation-enhanced diffusion to lower the strain produced by the defects, resulting in the dissolution of the precipitates.","PeriodicalId":18515,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38960232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Operando observation of magnetism in HDD writing heads by spin-polarized scanning electron microscopy 用自旋极化扫描电子显微镜观察硬盘磁头的磁性

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab011

Teruo Kohashi;Kumi Motai;Hideo Matsuyama;Yohji Maruyama

引用次数: 0

Deep convolutional neural network image processing method providing improved signal-to-noise ratios in electron holography 在电子全息术中提高信噪比的深度卷积神经网络图像处理方法

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab012

Yusuke Asari;Shohei Terada;Toshiaki Tanigaki;Yoshio Takahashi;Hiroyuki Shinada;Hiroshi Nakajima;Kiyoshi Kanie;Yasukazu Murakami

引用次数: 4

Live-cell imaging probes to track chromatin modification dynamics 追踪染色质修饰动力学的活细胞成像探针

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab030

Yuko Sato;Masaru Nakao;Hiroshi Kimura

{"title":"Live-cell imaging probes to track chromatin modification dynamics","authors":"Yuko Sato;Masaru Nakao;Hiroshi Kimura","doi":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab030","url":null,"abstract":"The spatiotemporal organization of chromatin is regulated at different levels in the nucleus. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications are involved in chromatin regulation and play fundamental roles in genome function. While the one-dimensional epigenomic landscape in many cell types has been revealed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing, the dynamic changes of chromatin modifications and their relevance to chromatin organization and genome function remain elusive. Live-cell probes to visualize chromatin and its modifications have become powerful tools to monitor dynamic chromatin regulation. Bulk chromatin can be visualized by both small fluorescent dyes and fluorescent proteins, and specific endogenous genomic loci have been detected by adapting genome-editing tools. To track chromatin modifications in living cells, various types of probes have been developed. Protein domains that bind weakly to specific modifications, such as chromodomains for histone methylation, can be repeated to create a tighter binding probe that can then be tagged with a fluorescent protein. It has also been demonstrated that antigen-binding fragments and single-chain variable fragments from modification-specific antibodies can serve as binding probes without disturbing cell division, development and differentiation. These modification-binding modules are used in modification sensors based on fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer to measure the intramolecular conformational changes triggered by modifications. Other probes can be created using a bivalent binding system, such as fluorescence complementation or luciferase chemiluminescence. Live-cell chromatin modification imaging using these probes will address dynamic chromatin regulation and will be useful for assaying and screening effective epigenome drugs in cells and organisms.","PeriodicalId":18515,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9623672","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39261734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Scanning ion-conductance microscopy with a double-barreled nanopipette for topographic imaging of charged chromosomes 用双管纳米移液管扫描离子电导显微镜对带电染色体进行形貌成像

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab009

Futoshi Iwata;Tatsuru Shirasawa;Yusuke Mizutani;Tatsuo Ushiki

{"title":"Scanning ion-conductance microscopy with a double-barreled nanopipette for topographic imaging of charged chromosomes","authors":"Futoshi Iwata;Tatsuru Shirasawa;Yusuke Mizutani;Tatsuo Ushiki","doi":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab009","url":null,"abstract":"Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is useful for imaging soft and fragile biological samples in liquids because it probes the samples’ surface topography by detecting ion currents under non-contact and force-free conditions. SICM acquires the surface topographical height by detecting the ion current reduction that occurs when an electrolyte-filled glass nanopipette approaches the sample surface. However, most biological materials have electrically charged surfaces in liquid environments, which sometimes affect the behavior of the ion currents detected by SICM and, especially, make topography measurements difficult. For measuring such charged samples, we propose a novel imaging method that uses a double-barrel nanopipette as an SICM probe. The ion current between the two apertures of the nanopipette desensitizes the surface charge effect on imaging. In this study, metaphase chromosomes of Indian muntjac were imaged by this technique because, owing to their strongly negatively charged surfaces in phosphate-buffered saline, it is difficult to obtain the topography of the chromosomes by the conventional SICM with a single-aperture nanopipette. Using the proposed method with a double-barrel nanopipette, the surfaces of the chromosomes were successfully measured, without any surface charge confounder. Since the detailed imaging of sample topography can be performed in physiological liquid conditions regardless of the sample charge, it is expected to be used for analyzing the high-order structure of chromosomes in relation to their dynamic changes in the cell division.","PeriodicalId":18515,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jmicro/dfab009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25415764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Miniature microscopes for manipulating and recording in vivo brain activity 用于操纵和记录体内大脑活动的微型显微镜

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab028

Alice M Stamatakis;Shanna L Resendez;Kai-Siang Chen;Morgana Favero;Jing Liang-Guallpa;Jonathan J Nassi;Shay Q Neufeld;Koen Visscher;Kunal K Ghosh

{"title":"Miniature microscopes for manipulating and recording in vivo brain activity","authors":"Alice M Stamatakis;Shanna L Resendez;Kai-Siang Chen;Morgana Favero;Jing Liang-Guallpa;Jonathan J Nassi;Shay Q Neufeld;Koen Visscher;Kunal K Ghosh","doi":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab028","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe the development and application of miniature integrated microscopes (miniscopes) paired with microendoscopes that allow for the visualization and manipulation of neural circuits in superficial and subcortical brain regions in freely behaving animals. Over the past decade the miniscope platform has expanded to include simultaneous optogenetic capabilities, electrically-tunable lenses that enable multi-plane imaging, color-corrected optics, and an integrated data acquisition platform that streamlines multimodal experiments. Miniscopes have given researchers an unprecedented ability to monitor hundreds to thousands of genetically-defined neurons from weeks to months in both healthy and diseased animal brains. Sophisticated algorithms that take advantage of constrained matrix factorization allow for background estimation and reliable cell identification, greatly improving the reliability and scalability of source extraction for large imaging datasets. Data generated from miniscopes have empowered researchers to investigate the neural circuit underpinnings of a wide array of behaviors that cannot be studied under head-fixed conditions, such as sleep, reward seeking, learning and memory, social behaviors, and feeding. Importantly, the miniscope has broadened our understanding of how neural circuits can go awry in animal models of progressive neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Continued miniscope development, including the ability to record from multiple populations of cells simultaneously, along with continued multimodal integration of techniques such as electrophysiology, will allow for deeper understanding into the neural circuits that underlie complex and naturalistic behavior.","PeriodicalId":18515,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/84/95/dfab028.PMC8491619.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39201039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Three-dimensional structure analysis of mouse nails using synchrotron radiation 同步辐射对小鼠指甲三维结构的分析

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab018

HyunJong Yoo;YongJu Jung;Sang-Hun Jang;Suk-Jun Lee;OnSeok Lee

{"title":"Three-dimensional structure analysis of mouse nails using synchrotron radiation","authors":"HyunJong Yoo;YongJu Jung;Sang-Hun Jang;Suk-Jun Lee;OnSeok Lee","doi":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab018","url":null,"abstract":"Until now, studies on nail diseases have been performed through microscopic diagnosis and microscopic computed tomography (micro-CT). However, these kinds of conventional methods have some limitations. Firstly, the microscopic method is considered the gold standard for medical diagnosis. However, due to the use of fluorescent materials, the sample is damaged and it takes a long time to get results. Secondly, while micro-CT is a noninvasive method to get inner structure images of the sample with high resolution, the penetration and spatial resolution are insufficient for studying the microstructures of the sample, such as the sponge bone and the muscle fibers. In contrast, synchrotron radiation (SR) X-ray imaging technology has the advantage of very vividly demonstrating the anatomic structure of the sample with high penetration, sensitivity and resolution. In this study, we compared the optical microscopic method using hematoxylin and eosin staining and SR imaging to analyze the nail tissue in a mouse model. The results showed that SR could depict the inner structures of a mouse nail without any physical damage. Additionally, we could divide the important anatomical structures of the nail unit into three parts with three-dimensional (3D) images: the nail bed, nail matrix and hyponychium. The images showed that SR could be used for analyzing nails by visualizing the relatively clear and medically semantic structures in a 3D section. We expect that the results of this study will be applied to study nail diseases and conduct pharmaceutical research on their treatment.","PeriodicalId":18515,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/jmicro/dfab018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39005452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electron transfer in LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 during charging studied with soft X-ray spectrometry 软X射线光谱法研究LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4充电过程中的电子转移

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab014

Ryosuke Okamoto;Masami Terauchi

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of image distortion in SEM by using a dot-array–based certified reference material 使用基于点阵的认证参考材料评估SEM中的图像失真

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab003

Kazuhiro Kumagai;Akira Kurokawa

引用次数: 3

Study on the heterogeneous material coupling connection characteristics and mechanical strength of Oratosquilla oratoria mantis shrimp saddle 虾鞍非均质材料耦合连接特性及力学强度研究

IF 1.8 4区工程技术

Microscopy Pub Date : 2021-08-01 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab004

Yunhong Liang;Hao Zhang;Qian Zhao;Zhaohua Lin;Zhihui Zhang;Zhiwu Han;Luquan Ren

{"title":"Study on the heterogeneous material coupling connection characteristics and mechanical strength of Oratosquilla oratoria mantis shrimp saddle","authors":"Yunhong Liang;Hao Zhang;Qian Zhao;Zhaohua Lin;Zhihui Zhang;Zhiwu Han;Luquan Ren","doi":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jmicro/dfab004","url":null,"abstract":"The microstructure, chemical composition and mechanical strength of heterogeneous materials of mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria) saddle were studied. As the key component of the striking system, the saddle comprised two distinct layers including outer layer and inner layer. The outer layer contained blocky microtubules and exhibited compact appearance. The inner layer presented a typical periodic lamellar structure. Due to the change of the thickness of the mineralized outer layer, the organic multilamellar structure became the foundation and enhanced the connection strength (4.55 MPa) at the connect regions between the saddle and merus exoskeleton and membrane, respectively. In the process of fracture, the lamellar structure dispersed the stress effectively by the change of the crack deflection direction and the microfibrils ordered arrangement. The exploration of mantis shrimp saddle region is beneficial to understand the striking system and provided the possibility for the stable connection of heterogeneous materials in engineering fields. The microstructure, heterogeneous material connection characteristics and high mechanical strength of saddle provide bionic models for the preparation of fiber-reinforced resin composites and soft composites.","PeriodicalId":18515,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38851963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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