Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"The Interaction and Mediation of Physical Activity of Body Mass Index with Cardiovascular Disease: Evidence from NHANES and MR Analysis.","authors":"Liang Zhao, Danfeng Zhang, Ting Zhang, Chunhui Wang, Shuo Han, Tengfei Zhang, Zhiqing He, Junyu Wang","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003668","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both insufficient physical activity (PA) and excess body weight are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and PA is closely related to body weight. However, it remains unclear whether PA modifies or mediates the association of body mass index (BMI) with CVD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study of 35,406 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The mediation and interaction effects of PA were assessed using a four-way decomposition approach. An additional two-step Mendelian randomization analysis was performed to verify the potential causal mediation effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A strong association was observed between PA and lower odds of CVD after adjusting for all confounders (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.95). Increased BMI was associated with higher odds of CVD (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.04). PA showed interaction and mediation effects on the association of BMI with CVD. The overall proportion attributable to interaction was -37.5%, whereas the overall proportion attributable to mediation was 22.2%. Mendelian randomization analysis further confirmed that PA causally mediated the pathway from BMI to CVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PA modified the association of BMI with CVD, suggesting that sufficient PA is needed to lower the impact of high BMI on CVD risk. Moreover, we found that PA served as a causal influence on the association of BMI with CVD, indicating that higher BMI led to a lower level of PA, which in turn increased the risk of CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1326-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fat Oxidation Rates during Exercise in Prepubertal Children: The Role of Obesity, Fitness, and Lean Mass.","authors":"Irene Rodríguez-Gómez, María Martín-García, Luis M Alegre, Beatriz García-Cuartero, Amparo González-Vergaz, Atilano Carcavilla, Ángel Aragonés, Ignacio Ara","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003690","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003690","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to determine fat oxidation values during a graded cyclo-ergometer exercise in prepubertal children considering cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body size based on obesity status and sex, as well as to elucidate whether body mass index or fat accumulation mediate the relationship between CRF and fat oxidation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated 118 prepubertal children (59 girls) aged 11.5 ± 2.0 yr (Tanner ≤II). Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry. CRF (peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak )) and fat oxidation rates were determined during a graded cycling test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In absolute values, obese prepubertal children displayed higher maximal fat oxidation (MFO) compared with overweight and normal-weight counterparts ( P = 0.006). However, after adjusting by CRF, the difference in MFO disappeared ( P = 0.104). When MFO was expressed with respect to body size and adjusted by CRF, it was significantly greater in normal-weight children ( P = <0.001). Similar results were found in boys and girls. Furthermore, fat accumulation and body mass index acted as mediators in the relationship between CRF and fat oxidation, explained a 38% of the variance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fat oxidation levels are comparable among prepubertal children, regardless of obesity status, upon CRF adjustment. Nevertheless, when contextualized within body size, obese and overweight children demonstrated reduced fat oxidation capacity compared with their normal-weight peers during exercise and with no sex-related differences. Furthermore, fat mass seems to be a mediator factor between CRF and fat oxidation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1333-1341"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Effect of EPO and Altitude on Hemoglobin Mass But Not Peak Oxygen Uptake.","authors":"Thomas Christian Bonne, Andreas Breenfeldt Andersen, Jacob Bejder, Joao Paulo Loures, Christine Dam, Jesús Rodríguez Huertas, Nikolai Baastrup Nordsborg","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003680","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study evaluated whether recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) treatment combined with hypoxia provided an additive effect on hemoglobin mass (Hb mass ) and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak ) compared with altitude or rhEpo alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-nine participants underwent two interventions, each containing 4-wk baseline (PRE 1-4), 4-wk exposure at sea level or 2320 m of altitude (INT 1-4), and 4-wk follow-up (POST 1-4). Participants were randomly assigned to 20 IU·kg -1 rhEpo or placebo injections every second day for 3 wk during the exposure period at sea level (SL-EPO, n = 25; SL-PLA, n = 9) or at altitude (ALT-EPO, n = 12; ALT-PLA, n = 27).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hb mass displayed a significant time-treatment effect ( P < 0.001) when comparing ALT-EPO and ALT-PLA. Specifically, the increase in Hb mass was higher ( P < 0.05 to P < 0.001) for ALT-EPO from INT 2 to POST 3 except for POST 2. Similarly, a significant time-treatment effect ( P < 0.001) existed for changes in Hb mass when comparing ALT-EPO with SL-EPO, with the increase in Hb mass being higher ( P < 0.01 to P < 0.001) for ALT-EPO from INT 2 to POST 4. A significant time-treatment effect was present when SL-PLA was compared with ALT-PLA ( P < 0.05) and SL-EPO ( P < 0.05). For V̇O 2peak , the time-treatment interaction was not significant when comparing ALT-EPO to ALT-PLA. However, when ALT-EPO was compared with SL-EPO, a significant time-treatment interaction existed ( P < 0.001) due to a decrease in V̇O 2peak during altitude.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined treatment of microdoses of rhEpo and altitude exposure results in an additive increase in Hb mass but does not significantly enhance V̇O 2peak compared with each treatment alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1366-1375"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solving Heat Stress in Sport: Intermittent Cold Air Exposure Mitigates Deterioration of the Autonomic Nervous System in American Football Athletes.","authors":"Eric J Renaghan, Michael J Wishon, Harrison L Wittels, Dustin Hecocks, Peter J Galasso, Tom Ren, Samantha M McDonald, Luis A Feigenbaum, S H Wittels","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003686","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cooling interventions mitigating heat-related declines in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function are understudied in collegiate American football.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study exposed 50 collegiate male athletes during their 2023 season to two bouts of cold air via air-conditioning before (60 min) and during (5 min) training sessions in a hot and humid climate. Armband monitors (Warfighter Monitor™; Tiger Tech Solutions, Inc., Miami, FL) were used to continuously measure body temperature (°C) during training and baseline heart rate (HR), HR recovery and HR variability (HRV) 24 h post-training. Two HRV time-domain indices were estimated: root mean square of the standard deviation of the NN interval (rMSSD) and the standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN). These data (2023) were then compared with data collected throughout the previous season (2022) during which players were not provided a cold-air intervention. As such, the 2022 cohort served as a \"control\" group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear regression models no statistically significant associations at the following body temperature thresholds: ≥37.0°C (baseline HR: P = 0.74; HR recovery: P = 0.71, rMSSD: P = 0.74; SDNN: P = 0.78), ≥38.0°C (baseline HR: P = 0.74; HR recovery: P = 0.74; rMSSD: P = 0.68; and SDNN: P = 0.89), and ≥39.0°C (baseline HR: P = 0.75; HR recovery: P = 0.82; rMSSD: P = 0.78 and SDNN: P = 0.83). Compared with the 2022 season, the athletes spent considerably less time training under the higher body temperature thresholds (≥38°C: 19.5 vs 9.7 min; ≥39°C: 10.5 vs 0.9 min), respectively, despite longer overall training duration (161.1 vs 187.4 min).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that incorporating bouts of cold air exposure when training in high heat and humidity may mitigate the established heat-related deterioration in ANS function.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1481-1487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heating on Tendon Mechanical Properties and Performance during Stretch-Shortening Cycle Exercises.","authors":"Shuhei Sasajima, Keitaro Kubo","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003673","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of heating on Achilles tendon mechanical properties (elongation, elastic energy, and hysteresis) and performance during stretch-shortening cycle exercise (pre-stretch augmentation and efficiency).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen males participated in this study. Before and after heating (30 min) and nonheating (control) conditions, the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon during ramp and ballistic contractions and two kinds of jumps (no-countermovement and countermovement jumps) were measured. In addition, electromyographic activities of the plantar flexor muscles (medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles) and oxygen consumption were measured during 5 min of submaximal repetitive jumps after both interventions (heating and control).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Although no changes in tendon elongation at all force levels and elastic energy during ramp and ballistic contractions were observed, tendon hysteresis decreased by 14.2% during ramp contraction ( P = 0.015 according to the paired t -test) and 8.0% during ballistic contraction ( P = 0.006 according to the paired t -test) after heating. No changes in no-countermovement and countermovement jump heights were found after both interventions. The electromyographic activities of gastrocnemius muscles at the first half and soleus muscle at all time points were significantly lower for heating than for control conditions. No difference in oxygen consumption was found between heating and control conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that heating reduces tendon hysteresis and enhances efficiency (assessed by electromyographic activity) during repetitive submaximal jumps.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1441-1451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lung Volume-Dependent Decrease in Projected Frontal Area Contributes to Reducing Active Drag in Front Crawl.","authors":"Sohei Washino, Akihiko Murai, Hirotoshi Mankyu, Hiroaki Kanehisa, Yasuhide Yoshitake","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003683","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether a lung volume-dependent decrease in the projected frontal area (PFA) contributes to reducing active drag in the front crawl.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve competitive male swimmers performed a 15-m front crawl at 1.20 m·s -1 while sustaining one of three lung volume levels: maximal inspiration (INSP), maximal expiration (EXP), or intermediate (MID). The three-dimensional positions of the reflective markers attached to the swimmers' bodies were measured using an underwater motion capture system. Based on the body shape obtained from the photogenic body scanner, an individual digital human model was created using model vertices color coded into eight body segments. The time series of the volumetric swimming motion was reconstructed using the individual digital human model and motion capture data. The PFA of each body segment was calculated using image processing. The pressure drag index (PDI), defined as the value excluding the drag coefficient while simultaneously considering the PFA and horizontal velocity, was calculated for each body segment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant interactions between lung volume and body segment on PFA and PDI (both P < 0.001). Specifically, the PFA and the PDI of the head segment were smaller in INSP than in EXP ( P ≤ 0.046); in addition, the PFA and the PDI of the trunk and femur segments were smaller in INSP and MID than in EXP ( P ≤ 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the decrease in PFA caused by the increase in lung volume directly contributes to reducing active drag.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1463-1471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peak Fat Oxidation during Submaximal Exercise Remains Consistent across Menstrual Cycle and Combined Oral Contraceptive Phases.","authors":"Ida E Löfberg, Jari E Karppinen, Iida Laatikainen-Raussi, Johanna K Ihalainen, Maarit Lehti, Anthony C Hackney, Ritva S Mikkonen","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003676","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Substrate metabolism during exercise may vary across the menstrual cycle (MC) phases, likely due to estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). This study examined substrate metabolism during exercise in naturally menstruating (NoOC, n = 34) and women using combined oral contraceptives (COC, n = 19).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were measured in a fasted state in the follicular (FOL) and luteal (LUT) phases, or the inactive (INACT) and active (ACT) phases of COC use. Serum E2 and P4 were assessed using immunoassays and body composition via bioimpedance. Peak fat oxidation (PFO) and FAT MAX , the intensity eliciting PFO, were evaluated using indirect calorimetry. FAT MAX was calculated using peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak ), measured on the following day.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PFO did not differ between FOL and LUT (0.40 ± 0.09 vs 0.41 ± 0.10 g·min -1 , P = 0.482) or INACT and ACT (0.48 ± 0.12 vs 0.44 ± 0.11 g·min -1 , P = 0.099). FAT MAX showed no phase-related variation (NoOC: FOL 47.3% ± 15.7% vs LUT 47.7% ± 13.6%, P = 0.727; COC: INACT 57.1% ± 12.3% vs ACT 52.5% ± 12.2% P = 0.172). PFO was 0.08 g·min -1 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02-0.14 g·min -1 , P = 0.010) and FAT MAX 9.8% (95% CI = 1.0%-8.7%, P = 0.031) higher in the INACT versus FOL. The difference in PFO persisted after adjusting for fat-free mass and V̇O 2peak ( P = 0.033) but was not significant after excluding an outlier from the COC group ( P = 0.108).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PFO and FAT MAX remained stable between MC and COC phases, suggesting no need to standardize measurements by cycle phase. However, higher PFO and FAT MAX in the COC group during INACT compared with FOL suggests distinct effects of exogenous hormones on metabolism compared with endogenous hormones. Practitioners should consider these differences when assessing factors influencing substrate metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1383-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Based Differences in the Representation of Top Youth Athletes.","authors":"Jessica J James, Sandra K Hunter, Elizabeth P Bueckers, Michael J Joyner, Jonathon W Senefeld","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003681","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Among overall top performances of youth track and swimming athletes, we aimed to determine 1) the proportional number of male compared with female athletes represented and 2) at what age females are no longer represented.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finishing times and sex of the top 10 and top 100 performances of youth runners and swimmers between 5 and 18 yr were abstracted from online U.S.-based databases for four running (100 m-800 m) and six freestyle swimming events (50 m-1500 m).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Males represented a greater proportion of the top 10 performances starting at 7 yr in running ( P = 0.023) and 12 yr in swimming ( P = 0.023) (averaged across events). Males represented a greater proportion of the top 100 performances starting at 6 yr in running ( P < 0.001) and 7 yr in swimming ( P < 0.001) (averaged across events). Females were no longer represented within the top 10 performances starting at ~12 yr in running and ~13 yr in swimming and no longer represented within the top 100 starting at ~14 yr in running and ~15 yr in swimming.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In elite youth athletes, there was a greater proportion (representation) of males within the top 100 running and swimming performances beginning between 6 and 7 yr of age, with females no longer represented between 14 and 15 yr of age. Our findings suggest males are more likely to be represented \"on the podium\" in open sporting events (not categorized by sex) than females starting at 6 yr of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1523-1529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between Muscle Activation, Co-activation, and Lower Extremity Stiffness in Recreational Runners: A Statistical Parametric Mapping Approach.","authors":"Shiqin Chen, Bas Van Hooren, Shouxin Jiang, Qingshan Zhang, Qin Zhang, Yue Shi, Fei Li","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the relationship between muscle (co-) activation time-series, and lower extremity stiffness (leg stiffness [Kleg], vertical stiffness [Kvert], and joint quasi-stiffness) during running in male recreational runners using statistical parametric mapping (SPM).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty-nine male recreational runners (age: 21 ± 1.17 yr, height: 1.80 ± 0.06 m, weight: 72.1 ± 9.91 kg) ran at 10 and 12 km·h-1 while kinematic data, ground reaction forces, and surface electromyography signals from 9 muscles were collected. SPM analyzed the temporal correlation between muscle (co-) activation time-series and lower extremity stiffness and muscle (co-) activation time-series across gait cycles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher soleus activation during the initial propulsion phase (r = 0.506 to 0.552, 14.5%-21.2% of the gait cycle) and higher gastrocnemius lateralis activation during the mid-stance phase (r = 0.504 to 0.527, 12.5%-17.5% of the gait cycle) showed large positive correlations with greater Kleg at 12 km·h-1. Large correlations were also found between greater Kvert at 12 km·h-1 and higher soleus activation during the initial propulsion phase (r = 0.508 to 0.622, 16.5%-24.3% of the gait cycle) and higher gastrocnemius lateralis activation during the mid-stance phase (r = 0.507 to 0.601, 9.70%-20.5% of the gait cycle). Vastus lateralis activation during the propulsion phase was moderately to largely negatively correlated with ankle joint quasi-stiffness (r = -0.595 to -0.464, 30.1%-37.9% of the gait cycle).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher ankle plantar flexor activation contributes to greater lower extremity stiffness regulation during stance, particularly during higher speeds. Further, unilateral and distal muscles exhibited a more important role than bilateral and proximal muscles in regulating lower extremity stiffness. The knee extensors primarily regulated ankle joint quasi-stiffness during propulsion at lower speeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Power and Endurance: Polar Opposites or Willing Partners?","authors":"Carrie Ferguson, Regula Furrer, Kevin A Murach, Russell T Hepple, Harry B Rossiter","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003793","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Introduction. Peak neuromuscular power and endurance are distinct qualities of dynamic exercise performance. Dynamometry is used to assess peak neuromuscular power, often during performance across a single joint e.g., isotonic or isokinetic torque, while aptitude for endurance exercise may be inferred by measurement of critical power/speed or cardiopulmonary exercise testing to determine e.g., gas exchange threshold (GET), maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and exercise economy. Specificity is a critical component of any training program, but oversimplification of the specificity principle has contributed to the view that training adaptations to increase peak neuromuscular power or the ability to endure high power outputs are mutually exclusive, due to: (i) differences in the types of motor units recruited and their patterns of activation; and (ii) induction of distinct, antagonistic molecular signaling pathways in response to resistance and endurance exercise training (the \"interference effect\"). Methods, Results and Conclusion. This review explores evidence for reciprocation between peak neuromuscular power and endurance performance in sport, aging and among general and clinical populations. We also review the molecular events that mediate peak neuromuscular power and endurance training adaptations and their interactions. Finally, we describe the musculo-cardio-pulmonary exercise test (mCPET) to demonstrate that peak neuromuscular power and aerobic mediators of endurance performance are less polar opposites and more willing partners.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}