Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Physical Activity Patterns and Variability, Cognitive Performance, and Dementia in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.","authors":"Anis Davoudi, Patrick T Donahue, Michelle C Carlson, Ryan J Dougherty, Amal A Wanigatunga, Vicki A Freedman, Jennifer A Schrack","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, the potential reverse effect of adverse cognitive change on physical activity remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis of a subset of National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS, N = 706) U.S. Medicare beneficiaries. Dementia status (dementia vs. no dementia) was classified per NHATS protocol. Cognitive performance was assessed in executive function, orientation, and memory domains. Daily physical activity was assessed using wrist-worn accelerometers (Actigraph Insight).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to participants living without dementia, participants living with dementia had lower daily activity counts (×1000) (-319.3; 95%CI (-471.0, -167.5)), lower activity intensity (-1129.2 max counts/day; 95%CI (-1518.4, -740.0)), less time spent active (64.3 min/day; 95%CI (28.1, 100.4)), and more fragmented patterns of activity (6.1%; 95%CI (3.0, 9.2)). One-unit higher cognitive performance in executive function was associated with higher daily activity counts (x1000) (67.9; 95% CI (19.7, 116.0)), higher activity intensity (375.4; 95% CI: (232.0-518.7)), more time spent active (12.4 min; 95% CI (2.1-22.7), and lower fragmentation (-1.4%; 95% CI (-2.2- -0.5)). One-unit higher orientation score was associated with higher daily activity counts (x1000) (61.0; 95% CI (31.9-90.0)), higher activity intensity (266.6; 95% CI (197.9-335.2)), more time spent active (11.6; 95% CI (5.2-18.0) more active minutes), greater stability of daily activities (1.1; 95% CI (0.3-1.9)), and lower fragmentation (-1.2%; 95% CI (-1.7- -0.7)). One-unit higher memory score was associated with higher daily activity counts (x1000) (28.1; 95% CI (15.0-41.2)), higher activity intensity (113.5; 95% CI (77.0-150.1)), and more time spent active (5.2; 95% CI (2.4-8.0)), as well as lower fragmentation (-0.5%; 95% CI (-0.7- -0.3)).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults, dementia and lower cognitive performance were associated with lower volume and intensity of daily physical activity, as well as more fragmented and less consistent patterns of physical activity. These associations emphasize the need for considering the impact of cognition on individuals' ability to engage in and maintain regular physical activity and suggest shifts in daily quantities and patterns of activity consistent with cognitive decline and dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Three Different Distance/Elevation-Gain Ultra-Trail Races on Red Blood Cell Oxidative Stress and Senescence, and Blood Rheology.","authors":"Romain Carin, Elie Nader, Nicolas Bouscaren, Philippe Connes, Floran Begue, Grégorie Lebeau, Aurélie Paulo-Ramos, Guillaume Descombes, Laetitia Berly, Frederique Modrzyk, Emilie Blond, Sébastien Racinais, Guillaume Y Millet, Olivier Meilhac, Philippe Rondeau","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Red blood cells (RBCs) senescence and blood rheology during ultra-endurance running events appear to be impacted differently depending on the race distance. The physiological mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the effects of three different ultra-trail running races performed in La Reunion Island (Mascareignes, \"the 70 km\", 70 km/4,000 m D+; Trail Du Bourbon, \"the 100 km\", 100 km/6,090 m D+; Diagonale des Fous, \"the 170 km\", 170 km/10,500 m D+) on RBC oxidative stress, RBC senescence and blood rheology in 66 finishers (18 \"70 km\", 24 \"100 km\", 24 \"170 km\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a decrease in RBC antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) positively related to the race distance, and an increase in RBC H2O2 and isoprostane levels after the three races. However, RBC H2O2 and isoprostane levels were found to be higher after the 70 km compared to the 170 km and the 100 km races. RBC phosphatidylserine externalization increased over baseline value after the 70 km only. Chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activities of the RBC proteasome were decreased after all races compared to before. RBC-derived microparticles (RBC-MPs) were increased after the 170 km and the 70 km races. Despite increased RBC senescence markers, RBC deformability increased after the three races. Blood viscosity was differently impacted by the three races with a decrease at low shear rate after the two longest races (the 170 km and the 100 km), and an increase at high shear rate after the shortest one (the 70 km).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results confirm that ultra endurance running events differently impact on RBC senescence markers and blood viscosity depending on the race distance, and suggest that RBC oxidative stress could play a key role in the observed alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sex on Cardiac Functional Adaptation to Different Modes of Exercise Training: A Randomized Cross-Over Study.","authors":"Louise H Naylor, Channa E Marsh, Hannah J Thomas, Barbara A Maslen, Julie Collis, Leanne Lester, Daniel J Green","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We hypothesized that male and female volunteers would exhibit distinct changes in cardiac morphology, systolic, and diastolic function following endurance (END) and resistance (RES) training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight females and 26 males participated in a randomized cross-over design trial in which all participants completed 12-weeks END and RES, separated by a 12-week washout. Echocardiograms assessed morphology (left ventricular mass, LVM), systolic function (ejection fraction, EF, and global longitudinal strain, GLS), diastolic function (mitral valve velocities, E, A; tissue Doppler velocities, e', a'), and left atrial volume.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Males responded to RES by increasing LVM (Δ 9.1 ± 14.3 g, P = 0.005), while E/e' increased (Δ 0.74 ± 1.08, P = 0.004, indicating a decline in diastolic function). There were no significant changes in females following RES. In response to END, LVM increased in both males (Δ 8.8 ± 15.7 g, P = 0.008) and females (Δ 6.5 ± 12.5 g, P = 0.004), with no difference in E/e' (Δ -0.29 ± 0.90) in males but a significant difference in females (Δ -0.39 ± 1.06, P = 0.012, indicating an improvement in diastolic function). Systolic function was not impacted significantly by END or RES in either sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data suggests that females were less responsive to RES training than males, that RES increased LVM and caused a decline in diastolic function (i.e. an increase in E/e') in males, whereas END improved E/e' (i.e. decreased) in females. These data suggest that sex differences exist in cardiac structural and functional adaptations to different forms of exercise training.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity of A-Mode Ultrasound for Estimating Body Fat Percentage of Young Adult Athletes: A Multicomponent Model Study.","authors":"Dale R Wagner, Elizabeth A Cafferty, Sara A Harper, Michael N Vakula","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study compared %BFUS to %BF4C in young adult athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>University club sport athletes (86 women, 138 men) from a variety of teams participated. ADP, DXA, and bioimpedance spectroscopy were used to measure body volume, bone mineral content, and total body water, respectively, for the 4C model. Ultrasound measurements were taken at three sites to estimate %BFUS. Comparisons between %BFUS and %BF4C were evaluated with Pearson correlation, paired t-test, linear regression, equivalence testing, and plots of individual errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the combined sample of men and women (N = 224), the two methods were highly correlated (r = 0.93) with a constant error (CE) of 0.8% BF (P < .001) and standard error of estimate (SEE) of 3.0% BF. The 90% confidence intervals of the mean difference (0.47 to 1.17) were well within the ±2% BF limits for equivalence testing, and no bias was evident from the error plot. However, equivalence testing failed to remain inside the ±2% BF range for women, and the prediction errors for women (CE = 1.9% BF, P < .001, SEE = 3.2% BF) were larger than for men (CE = 0.1% BF, P = .597, SEE = 2.8% BF).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the %BFUS errors were low, suggesting that A-mode ultrasound is a valid field measure of %BF for young adult athletes. Accuracy is better for men than women.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142984067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Effect of High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Blood Pressure in Females Living with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension.","authors":"Renaud Tremblay, Alexis Marcotte-Chénard, Lara Deslauriers, Pierre Boulay, François-Michel Boisvert, Pedro Geraldes, Mathieu Gayda, Demetra D Christou, Jonathan P Little, Warner Mampuya, Eléonor Riesco","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003639","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Background : The acute effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on blood pressure (BP) may depend on the exercise protocol performed. Purpose: To compare the acute effect of high and low-volume HIIT on post-exercise and ambulatory BP in untrained older females diagnosed with both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN). Methods: Fifteen females (69 [65 ─ 74] years) completed a crossover study with three experimental conditions: 1) REST (35 min in sitting position); 2) HIIT10 (10 × 1 min at 90% heart rate max [HRmax]), and 3) HIIT4 (4 × 4 min at 90% HRmax). After each experimental condition, BP was measured under controlled (4 hours) and in subsequent free-living conditions (20 hours). Results: In the controlled post-condition 4-hour period, no significant interaction (time × condition) was observed for all BP parameters (p ≥ 0.082). Similarly, during the subsequent 20-hour free-living ambulatory monitoring (diurnal and nocturnal), no differences between conditions were detected (p ≥ 0.094). A significant reduction in nighttime pulse pressure was observed in both HIIT4 and HIIT10 compared to REST (46 [44 ─ 50], 45 [42 ─ 53] vs. 50 [45 ─ 57] mmHg, respectively; p ≤ 0.018) with no differences between HIIT conditions (p = 0.316). Changes in nocturnal systolic BP approached but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.068). Conclusions: This study suggests that in untrained older females living with T2D and HTN, the HIIT10 and HIIT4 protocols have very limited to no acute effect on post-exercise and ambulatory BP. The fact that the vast majority of participants had well-controlled office and ambulatory BP values as well as low cardiorespiratory fitness could explain these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear Modelling of the V̇O2/PO-Relationship during Constant Work Rate Exercise.","authors":"Lena Stuer, Jan Boone, Patrick Mucci, Alessandro L Colosio, Jan G Bourgois, Kevin Caen","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The linear and continuous increase in power output (PO) during ramp incremental (RI) exercise causes a distinct V̇O2/PO relationship compared to constant work rate (CWR) exercise. Current methods enabling a translation of ramp-derived PO to CWR PO assume a linear development of the CWR V̇O2/PO relationship in the heavy-intensity domain. This study aimed to model the RI versus CWR V̇O2/PO relationship to investigate whether the loss of mechanical efficiency above GET develops linearly. A second aim was to assess the reliability of ramp-derived parameters incorporated in translation strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen healthy young participants (7 males; 7 females) performed a RI test and several CWR tests across the heavy- and severe-intensity domains in order to model the RI and CWR V̇O2/PO relationships. The CWR relationship was fitted using linear, polynomial and exponential models. Root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AICC) were determined to evaluate the model's goodness-of-fit. For reliability purposes, target PO of CWR tests were achieved using a preceding RI portion, similar to the initial RI test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The linear fit of the CWR V̇O2/PO relationship was associated with the lowest RMSE and AICC. The associated R2 for the heavy-intensity domain was 0.94. Reliability measures were excellent for baseline V̇O2 and acceptable to good for s1-ramp and s2- ramp. For MRT, a high variability was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirmed that the CWR V̇O2/PO relationship in the heavy-intensity domain is linear. Based on these results, it is justified to apply correction strategies that mind the different dynamics of V̇O2 during RI versus CWR exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: Detection of Clinical Indicators in Female Endurance Athletes.","authors":"Paulina Wasserfurth, Robin Halioua, Désirée Toepffer, Zoë Lautz, Helena Engel, Anna Katarina Melin, Monica Klungland Torstveit, Malte Christian Claussen, Karsten Koehler","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose was to evaluate the individual and combined use of the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire (BEDA-Q) to detect clinical indicators associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 50 female endurance athletes training ≥4x/week completed the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q and were assessed for presence of selected REDs indicators. Athletes meeting the criteria for mild or more severe REDs severity/risk according to the International Olympic Committee REDs Clinical Assessment Tool Version 2 (IOC REDs CAT2) were classified as REDs cases. Diagnostic properties of the German versions of the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q were assessed at different cut-offs using receiver operating characteristics calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen (28%) athletes were classified as REDs cases. The LEAF-Q had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 50%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 38% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 86%. For detection of disordered eating behaviour/eating disorder (DE/ED), the BEDA-Q showed a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 76%, respectively, with a PPV of 68% and NPV of 79%. Out of 14 REDs cases, nine (64%) scored positive in the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q. Two athletes (14%) scored positive only in the LEAF-Q and one athlete scored positive only in the BEDA-Q. Two REDs cases remained undetected by both questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among German female endurance athletes, the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q are good screening tools to detect REDs cases with mild or more severe severity/risk as classified according to the IOC REDs CAT2. Further clinical assessments should be initiated when athletes score positive in at least one of the questionnaires.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Different Exercise Types on Cardiovascular Health and Executive Function in Sedentary Young Individuals.","authors":"Jinglin Huang, Lu Leng, Min Hu, Xuyan Cui, Xu Yan, Ziqing Liu, Kangle Wang, Jiarui Wu, Shan He, Weiji Deng, Peilun Li, Yilin Chen, Dongdong Gao, Yuan Wei, Junhao Huang","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study aimed to compare the impacts of different exercise types on cardiovascular health and executive function in sedentary young individuals, and to determine the associations between cardiovascular function and executive function (EF) after exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-three sedentary participants were randomly divided into high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), resistance exercise (RE), and control groups. Macro- and microvascular endothelial function were assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and fingertip reactive hyperemia index, respectively. Arterial stiffness was evaluated through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index, and augmentation index. EF performance was evaluated using the Stroop and N-back tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure cortical activation and real-time oxyhemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) changes in different cerebral regions. Key circulating biomarkers for vascular and cognitive function, including BDNF, irisin, VEGF, IGF-1, and TNF-α, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight weeks of HIIT, MICT, and RE effectively improved macro- and microvascular endothelial function while reducing arterial stiffness in sedentary young individuals. Furthermore, exercise-induced increase in BDNF level was correlated with enhanced macrovascular endothelial function, while increase in IGF-1 level was associated with enhanced microvascular endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness. Notably, both HIIT and MICT, but not RE, efficiently enhanced Oxy-Hb level in certain brain regions, such as the FPA and DLPFC, leading to the improvement in EF performance. Exercise-induced increase in Oxy-Hb level and EF performance were correlated with enhanced BDNF level and endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated that 8 weeks of HIIT, MICT, and RE effectively improved endothelial function in both macro- and microvessels, and arterial stiffness among sedentary young individuals. However, HIIT and MICT, but not RE, notably increased blood oxygen level in the FPA and DLPFC brain regions and improved EF performance. Due to the efficiency and time-saving features of HIIT, the present study highlights HIIT as an effective exercise prescription for promoting vascular and EF in sedentary young individuals. Importantly, the observed improvements in cardiovascular function following exercise training is pivotal in improving EF, and elevated circulating levels of biomarkers like BDNF and IGF-1, induced by exercise, are involved in the regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Walking Pace, APOE-ε4 Genotype, and Brain Health in Middle-Aged to Older Adults.","authors":"Daniel H Aslan, M Katherine Sayre, Pradyumna K Bharadwaj, Madeline Ally, Silvio Maltagliati, Mark H C Lai, Rand R Wilcox, Yann C Klimentidis, Gene E Alexander, David A Raichlen","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Poor physical function and possession of the e4 allele of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene are each associated with increased dementia risk, but it is unclear how these exposures interact to influence brain health. Purpose: To investigate whether self-reported walking pace (a marker of physical function) and the presence of APOE-ε4 allele interact to modify brain health outcomes. Methods: We used data from a prospective cohort study of middle-aged to older adults from the UK Biobank who self-reported walking pace (slow or steady-to-brisk), and who were initially free of dementia (n = 415,110). Incident all-cause dementia was obtained from hospital and death registry records, and structural brain volumes (right and left hippocampus volumes, total gray matter volume, and volume of white matter hyperintensities) were measured from a subset of participants (n = 33,113). Cox proportional hazard models and generalized linear models were used to assess associations between exposures and outcomes. Results: Slow walking pace and the presence of APOE-ε4 allele were associated with increased dementia risk [HR = 1.79 (1.66,1.93), p < 0.001; HR = 3.06 (2.90,3.23), p < 0.001, respectively], and there was an interaction between these associations, indicating that the association of walking pace with dementia risk is modified by APOE-ε4 status [(reference group: HRSteady-Brisk/APOE-ε4- = 1); HRSlow/APOE-ε4- = 2.03(1.84,2.25), p < 0.001; HRSteady-Brisk/APOE-ε4+ = 3.21(3.02,3.41), p < 0.001; HRSlow/APOE-ε4+ = 4.99 (4.48,5.58), p < 0.001]. Slow self-reported walking pace was associated with worse brain volume outcomes and these associations were not modified by APOE-ε4 genotype. Conclusions: These results suggest walking pace and APOE-ε4 status independently influence brain volume outcomes, but both factors independently and jointly contribute to increased dementia risk. Individuals with both risk factors (slow walking pace and APOE-ε4 allele) show the strongest associations with dementia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and Reliability of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Adolescents with Heart Disease.","authors":"David A White, William R Black, Emily Cramer, Lindsey Malloy-Walton, Mollie Walton, Laura Martis, Brandy Enneking, Kelli M Teson, Jessica S Watson, Jami Gross-Toalson","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Kinesiophobia (KP) is the fear of movement or physical activity (PA) that is related to a medical condition. In adolescents, KP is associated with depression, anxiety, and impaired quality of life (QoL). Adolescents with heart disease (HD) often avoid PA. Factors that may moderate PA avoidance, such as KP, have not been adequately studied in this population. Purpose: To assess the validity and reliability of a newly adapted Tampa Scale for KP for adolescents with HD (TSK-Heart-A). Methods: The TSK-Heart-A survey consists of 17 Likert scale items, producing a summary score (SS) ranging from 17 (low KP) to 68 (high KP). Following content and face validity, adolescents (age 12-18 years) with arrhythmia disorders or Fontan palliation were recruited. The PROMIS pediatric anxiety and depression short forms, PedsQL generic core and cardiac module, and a PA questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A) were used for criterion validity. The TSK-Heart-A was completed twice (20.4 ± 6.3 days apart) for assessment of internal and test-retest reliability. Pearson correlations and Cronbach's alpha determined validity and reliability, respectively. Results: Adolescents (n = 63) were 15.5 ± 1.8 years-old, 50.8% female, and 69.8% had arrhythmia disorder. Mean TSK-Heart-A SS was 33.8 ± 7.8 (range: 20 to 56). The TSK-Heart-A SS correlated significantly with PROMIS T-scores (anxiety: 49.7 ± 12.2, r = 0.48; depression: 46.9 ± 12.7, r = 0.41), PedsQL score (generic QoL: 75.2 ± 18.9, r = -0.61; cardiac QoL: 74.7 ± 17.5, r = -0.56), and PAQ-A (score: 2.0 ± 0.7, r = -0.35). Test-retest and internal reliability had a total score of r = 0.77 (p = 0.89). Conclusions: The new TSK-Heart-A survey is valid and reliable and suggests KP is present in some adolescents with HD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}