Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Concerns on the Results Reported in a Recently Published Meta-Analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003773","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response.","authors":"","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Phlebotomy on Physiological Responses during Submaximal, Prolonged Exercise.","authors":"Hilkka Kontro, Michael T Jensen, Allison M Caswell, Saied J Aboodarda, Martin J MacInnis","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The influence of reduced blood volume on prolonged submaximal exercise is unclear. Using a sham-controlled design, we investigated the effect of acute phlebotomy on physiological responses to 60 minutes of submaximal exercise and its subsequent impact on severe-intensity exercise performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After baseline testing and a control trial, 17 moderately trained participants (5 female) underwent phlebotomy (PHLE) to withdraw 7% of total blood volume or a sham procedure (SHAM). Cardiorespiratory, metabolic, perceptual, and neuromuscular responses were assessed before, during, and after 60 minutes of submaximal exercise in the heavy domain (midway between the respiratory compensation point and the gas exchange threshold; 71 [6] % of V̇O2max) and in response to a subsequent severe intensity time-to-task failure (TTF) trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phlebotomy significantly affected ventilation (V̇E; +6 [7] % vs. control trial), ventilatory equivalent (+8 [8] %), heart rate (HR; +5 [4] %), O2 pulse (-6 [5] %), and blood lactate ([La]; +25 [32] %) during submaximal exercise (p < 0.05). Submaximal V̇O2, respiratory exchange ratio, perceived effort, and maximal voluntary contraction were unaffected by phlebotomy (p > 0.05). Phlebotomy reduced TTF by 24 [23] % (P = 0.018) without significantly reducing V̇O2peak (-5.6 [7.5] %, P = 0.09). Changes in V̇E (P = 0.004), HR (P = 0.003), O2 pulse (P = 0.009), and [La] (P < 0.001) between the control and experimental submaximal trials were correlated with changes in TTF (0.40 < R2 < 0.68).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Circulating vascular volumes impact physiological responses to submaximal exercise and influence subsequent maximal exercise performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperhydration with Glycerol, Sodium, and Isomaltulose or Sucrose on Fluid Balance, Thermoregulation, and Exercise Capacity in the Heat.","authors":"Junto Otsuka, Yumi Okamoto, Yasuaki Enoki, Daisuke Maejima, Tatsuro Amano","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to investigate whether the addition of carbohydrates (sucrose [Suc] or isomaltulose [Iso]) to a beverage containing glycerol (Gly) and sodium (Na) would enhance fluid balance, thermoregulatory response, and high-intensity exercise capacity during exercise in hot environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, double-blinded, and crossover study, 13 healthy men consumed 1L of beverage containing (1) 7% Gly + 0.5% Na (Gly + Na), (2) Gly + Na with 7% Suc (Gly + Na + Suc), (3) Gly + Na with 7% Iso (Gly + Na + Iso), or (4) water (CON) over 40-min in a hot environment (32 °C, 50% relative humidity). Participants then completed three 30-min cycling bouts at 50% peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak), followed by a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) trial at 80% V̇O2peak. Fluid balance and thermoregulatory response were assessed throughout the experiment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with CON, beverages containing Gly and Na attenuated the total urine volume (all P < 0.001), and the addition of Iso (331 ± 84 g) further encouraged this response compared with Gly + Na and Gly + Na + Suc (429 ± 68 and 445 ± 133 g, respectively, both P ≤ 0.030). Compared with CON, the plasma volume increased with Gly + Na + Suc during the first exercise bout (-2.2 ± 6.7 and 4.3 ± 5.4 %, respectively, P = 0.048) and with Gly + Na + Iso during the TTE (-9.1 ± 4.4 and - 4.1 ± 4.0 %, respectively, P = 0.025). The rectal temperature increased whereas local sweating responses were reduced more with Gly- and Na-containing beverages than with CON (all P ≤ 0.028). No differences were found in TTE among the beverages (P = 0.159).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adding Suc or Iso to Gly- and Na-contained beverages partially improves fluid balance but does not improve thermoregulatory responses and performance during moderate-intensity exercise in hot environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex Differences in Immune and Gut Microbiota Responses to Military Training.","authors":"Adrienne Hatch-McChesney, Cassandra Suther, Lauren A Thompson, Patrick N Radcliffe, Rebecca V Cherian, Zachary S Liechty, Blake W Stamps, Stephanie Krieger, Mayra Nelman-Gonzalez, Brian Crucian, Douglass Diak, Satish Mehta, Michael S Goodson, Nicholas Barringer, Tracey J Smith, J Philip Karl","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Military training includes multiple stressors that together may increase risk for illness by degrading immune function and altering gut microbiota. However, whether sex differences exist in those responses is undetermined. This study aimed to determine immune and gut microbiota responses during military training and identify sex differences in those responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two military cadets (33% female) participated in an arduous 17-day training event. Blood, saliva and stool were collected upon beginning (PRE) and completing (POST) training. Immune function was assessed by salivary secretory IgA (SIgA), latent virus reactivation, peripheral leukocyte distribution, circulating cytokines and mitogen-stimulated cytokine profiles. Gut microbiota composition was assessed by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants experienced a ~ 4% body weight loss and sex-independent increases in concentrations of cortisol, myoglobin, catecholamines and multiple cytokines. The granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio increased and SIgA decreased PRE to POST in males but not females (Pinteraction ≤ 0.02). Mitogen-stimulated cytokine profiles were generally reduced at POST versus PRE independent of sex. No differences in virus reactivation were observed. Sex differences in gut microbiota responses were limited to Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcus, which increased in males relative to females (log2 fold change (FC) = 2.0-2.4; qinteraction = 0.19). Independent of sex, 24 genera differed at POST versus PRE with Lactobacillus demonstrating the largest decrease (log2FC = -0.90; qtime = 0.02) and Veillonella the largest increase (log2FC = 1.09; qtime = 0.03). Multiple correlations between markers of stress, immune function and gut microbiota composition were observed (q ≤ 0.15).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Immune redistribution, leukocyte compromise and interrelated changes in gut microbiota composition were evident within this training environment. Those responses demonstrated associations with markers of stress severity but also sex differences suggesting a more pronounced depression of immune function in males.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport: Detection of Clinical Indicators in Female Endurance Athletes.","authors":"Paulina Wasserfurth, Robin Halioua, Désirée Toepffer, Zoë Lautz, Helena Engel, Anna Katarina Melin, Monica Klungland Torstveit, Malte Christian Claussen, Karsten Koehler","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003644","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003644","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose was to evaluate the individual and combined use of the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q) and the Brief Eating Disorder in Athletes Questionnaire (BEDA-Q) to detect clinical indicators associated with Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 50 female endurance athletes training ≥4× a week completed the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q and were assessed for presence of selected REDs indicators. Athletes meeting the criteria for mild or more severe REDs severity/risk according to the International Olympic Committee REDs Clinical Assessment Tool Version 2 (IOC REDs CAT2) were classified as REDs cases. Diagnostic properties of the German versions of the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q were assessed at different cutoffs using receiver operating characteristics calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fourteen (28%) athletes were classified as REDs cases. The LEAF-Q had a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 50%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 38% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 86%. For detection of disordered eating behavior/eating disorder, the BEDA-Q showed a sensitivity and specificity of 71% and 76%, respectively, with a PPV of 68% and an NPV of 79%. Out of 14 REDs cases, 9 (64%) scored positive in the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q. Two athletes (14%) scored positive only in the LEAF-Q, and one athlete scored positive only in the BEDA-Q. Two REDs cases remained undetected by both questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among German female endurance athletes, the LEAF-Q and BEDA-Q are good screening tools to detect REDs cases with mild or more severe severity/risk as classified according to the IOC REDs CAT2. Further clinical assessments should be initiated when athletes score positive in at least one of the questionnaires.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1257-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Different Exercise Types on Cardiovascular Health and Executive Function in Sedentary Young Individuals.","authors":"Jinglin Huang, L U Leng, Min Hu, Xuyan Cui, X U Yan, Ziqing Liu, Kangle Wang, Jiarui Wu, Shan He, Weiji Deng, Peilun Li, Yilin Chen, Dongdong Gao, Yuan Wei, Junhao Huang","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003645","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The present study aimed to compare the impacts of different exercise types on cardiovascular health and executive function (EF) in sedentary young individuals, and to determine the associations between cardiovascular function and EF after exercise.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-three sedentary participants were randomly divided into high-intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), resistance exercise (RE), and control groups. Macro- and microvascular endothelial functions were assessed using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and fingertip reactive hyperemia index, respectively. Arterial stiffness was evaluated through carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, ankle-brachial index, and augmentation index. EF performance was evaluated using the Stroop and N -back tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to measure cortical activation and real-time oxyhemoglobin concentration (Oxy-Hb) changes in different cerebral regions. Key circulating biomarkers for vascular and cognitive function, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight weeks of HIIT, MICT, and RE effectively improved macro- and microvascular endothelial function while reducing arterial stiffness in sedentary young individuals. Furthermore, exercise-induced increase in BDNF level was correlated with enhanced macrovascular endothelial function, whereas an increase in IGF-1 level was associated with enhanced microvascular endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness. Notably, both HIIT and MICT, but not RE, efficiently enhanced Oxy-Hb level in certain brain regions, such as the frontopolar area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, leading to the improvement in EF performance. Exercise-induced increase in Oxy-Hb level and EF performance were correlated with enhanced BDNF level and endothelial function and reduced arterial stiffness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated that 8 wk of HIIT, MICT, and RE effectively improved endothelial function in both macro- and microvessels, and arterial stiffness among sedentary young individuals. However, HIIT and MICT, but not RE, notably increased blood oxygen level in the frontopolar area and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex brain regions and improved EF performance. Due to the efficiency and time-saving features of HIIT, the present study highlights HIIT as an effective exercise prescription for promoting vascular function and EF in sedentary young individuals. Importantly, the observed improvements in cardiovascular function following exercise training are pivotal in improving EF, and elevated circulating levels of biomarkers like BDNF and IGF-1, induced by exercise, are involved in the regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1110-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute and Lifelong Endurance Exercise Yields Differential Effects During Circadian Disruption in Mice.","authors":"Cole F Nelson, Cole R Wyatt, Evan C Johnson, William D Todd, Emily E Schmitt","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000003643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Circadian rhythms are responsible for physiological and behavioral processes coordinated in a 24-h cycle. We investigated whether untimed, long-term voluntary wheel access mitigated circadian disruption and facilitated re-entrainment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-five C57Bl/6J mice ( n = 21 males, n = 14 females) were used in this experiment. Long-term exercised (LTEx) mice ran from 3 wk to 12 months of age. At 12 months, animals were circadian disrupted for 14 d and then re-entrained for 7 d. Long-term sedentary (LTSed) animals were disrupted but had no access to a wheel. Another long-term sedentary group had access to a wheel only during disruption (LTSed+Ex). SubCue data loggers were used to track internal rhythm of core body temperature (Tb). RNA was extracted from skeletal muscle and RT-qPCR was used to analyze gene expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, all three experimental groups had an initial entrained period lengths of ~24 h at baseline. There was a main effect of time ( P = 0.012), treatment ( P = 0.005), and time-treatment interaction ( P = 0.033) from baseline to disruption. A post hoc analysis within-group one-way ANOVA showed no difference between baseline and disruption period lengths in the LTSed+Ex treatment, yet a difference from baseline to disruption in LTSed and LTEx. Lastly, there is a difference in entrained period lengths between all three treatment groups at the re-entrainment time point ( P = 0.026) with a difference in change between disruption and re-entrainment with LTEx being lower than LTSed+Ex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that acute-like exercise during circadian disruption aided in mitigating circadian disruption. When all treatment groups were re-entrained back to a normal rhythm, the LTEx animals that had access to a wheel before, during, and after disruption had period lengths closest to baseline values.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":"57 6","pages":"1103-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Three Different Distance/Elevation Gain Ultra-Trail Races on Red Blood Cell Oxidative Stress and Senescence, and Blood Rheology.","authors":"Romain Carin, Elie Nader, Nicolas Bouscaren, Philippe Connes, Floran Begue, Grégorie Lebeau, Aurélie Paulo-Ramos, Guillaume Descombes, Laetitia Berly, Frederique Modrzyk, Emilie Blond, Sébastien Racinais, Guillaume Y Millet, Olivier Meilhac, Philippe Rondeau","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003653","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Red blood cell (RBC) senescence and blood rheology during ultraendurance running events appear to be affected differently depending on the race distance. The physiological mechanisms underlying these differences are poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We investigated the effects of three different ultra-trail running races performed in La Reunion Island (Mascareignes, \"the 70 km,\" 70 km/4000 m D+; Trail Du Bourbon, \"the 100 km,\" 100 km/6090 m D+; Diagonale des Fous, \"the 170 km,\" 170 km/10,500 m D+) on RBC oxidative stress, RBC senescence, and blood rheology in 66 finishers (18 \"70 km,\" 24 \"100 km,\" and 24 \"170 km\").</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a decrease in RBC antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) positively related to the race distance and an increase in RBC H 2 O 2 and isoprostane levels after the three races. However, RBC H 2 O 2 and isoprostane levels were found to be higher after the 70-km race compared with the 170-km and the 100-km races. RBC phosphatidylserine externalization increased over baseline value after the 70-km race only. Chymotrypsin-like and trypsin-like activities of the RBC proteasome were decreased after all races compared with before. RBC-derived microparticles (RBC-MP) were increased after the 170-km and the 70-km races. Despite increased RBC senescence markers, RBC deformability increased after the three races. Blood viscosity was differently affected by the three races with a decrease at low shear rate after the two longest races (the 170 km and the 100 km) and an increase at high shear rate after the shortest one (the 70 km).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results confirm that ultraendurance running events differently affect RBC senescence markers and blood viscosity depending on the race distance and suggest that RBC oxidative stress could play a key role in the observed alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1081-1091"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Sex on Cardiac Functional Adaptation to Different Modes of Exercise Training: A Randomized Crossover Study.","authors":"Louise H Naylor, Channa E Marsh, Hannah J Thomas, Barbara A Maslen, Julie Collis, Leanne Lester, Daniel J Green","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003654","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We hypothesized that male and female volunteers would exhibit distinct changes in cardiac morphology, systolic, and diastolic function following endurance (END) and resistance (RES) training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-eight females and 26 males participated in a randomized crossover design trial in which all participants completed 12-wk END and RES, separated by a 12-wk washout. Echocardiograms assessed morphology (left ventricular mass (LVM)), systolic function (ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain), diastolic function (mitral valve velocities (E, A); tissue Doppler velocities (e', a')), and left atrial volume.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Males responded to RES by increasing LVM (Δ 9.1 ± 14.3 g, P = 0.005), whereas E/e' increased (Δ 0.74 ± 1.08, P = 0.004). There were no significant changes in females following RES. In response to END, LVM increased in both males (Δ 8.8 ± 15.7 g, P = 0.008) and females (Δ 6.5 ± 12.5 g, P = 0.004), with no significant difference in E/e' (Δ -0.29 ± 0.90) in males but a significant difference in females (Δ -0.39 ± 1.06, P = 0.012). Systolic function was not impacted significantly by END or RES in either sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that females were less responsive to RES training than males, and that RES increased LVM and caused an increase in E/e' in males, whereas END decreased E/e' in females. These data suggest that sex differences exist in cardiac structural and functional adaptations to different forms of exercise training.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1174-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}