Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Training Status Modulates Perceptual Responses During Constant-Load Cycling at Maximal Metabolic Steady State.","authors":"Rodrigo de Araujo Bonetti de Poli, Brynn Eric Alexander Lindstrom, Pablo Rafael Fleitas-Paniagua, Rafael de Almeida Azevedo, Alessandro Moura Zagatto, Juan Manuel Murias","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although perceptual scales are widely used to prescribe endurance training, whether aerobic training status influences perceptual responses to heavy-intensity exercise remains unclear. Thus, this study investigated the effects of aerobic training status on perceptual responses during cycling performed at the maximal metabolic steady state (MMSS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two participants (untrained, n = 18; trained, n =14) performed:1) step-ramp-step to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and, 2) MMSS estimated intensity, followed by at least two 30 min constant workload rides to confirm the MMSS. The MMSS was defined as the highest exercise intensity at which oxygen uptake and blood lactate concentration were stable between the 15 th and 30 th min of exercise (change <120 mL·min -1 and <1 mmol·L -1, respectively). During the MMSS ride, rating of perceived exertion (RPE, 6-20), fatigue, leg pain, and dyspnea scales (0-10) were recorded at baseline and every 5 min until the end of exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>V̇O2max (36.2 ± 6.6 mL·kg -1·min -1) and MMSS intensity (134 ± 40 W) were lower in untrained than trained group (V̇O2max: 54.0 ± 3.4 mL·kg -1·min -1; MMSS intensity: 209 ± 46 W) (p<0.001). Group×time interactions were observed for RPE (p≤0.001), fatigue (p=0.003), leg pain (p=0.009), and dyspnea (p=0.0018).Compared with the trained, the untrained group reported higher fatigue from 15 to 30 min (Δ= 2 a.u vs 1 a.u) and higher RPE (Δ= 2 a.u vs 1 a.u), leg pain (Δ= 2 a.u vs 1 a.u), and dyspnea from 20 to 30 min (Δ= 2 a.u vs 1 a.u) (post hoc p ≤0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Training status modulates the time course of perceptual drift at MMSS, with higher perceptual responses in untrained than trained individuals. Between-group differences emerged around 15 min, highlighting the importance of considering exercise duration when using perceptual scales to guide exercise at MMSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise Timing Influences Autonomic and Psychological Adaptations but not Functional Capacity in Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment.","authors":"Buck W Covington Ii, Brooke Mattocks, Luke Krynski, Lea Haverbeck Simon, Jesse Hayward, Melissa Villafana, Mike Lazio, Reid Hayward","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the effects of exercise timing (morning [AX] vs evening [PX]) on functional capacity, psychological outcomes, and sleep-related measures in cancer patients undergoing treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four cancer patients undergoing treatment participated in a supervised exercise intervention at the University of Northern Colorado Cancer Rehabilitation Institute (UNCCRI). Participants self-selected exercise timing as AX (0700-0900) or PX (1600-1800) and completed a range of pre- and post-intervention physical and psychological assessments. A subset of participants (n=24) completed objective sleep and recovery monitoring using a wearable tracker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both AX and PX groups demonstrated significant improvements in functional capacity, with no significant differences between groups for these variables (p > 0.05). In contrast, exercise timing was associated with significant differences in psychological and autonomic outcomes. The AX group demonstrated greater reductions in Beck Depression scores (-4.86 ± 5.72 vs -1.02 ± 4.48; p < 0.05) and greater improvements in PSQI scores (-3.76 ± 3.39 vs 0.08 ± 1.83; p < 0.001) compared to the PX group. The AX group exhibited a substantially greater increase in heart rate variability (8.01 ± 6.31 ms) compared to a decrease in the PX group (-4.49 ± 6.79 ms; p < 0.001), representing a marked divergence in autonomic adaptation between groups. These differences were supported by moderate-to-large to very large effect sizes, indicating clinically relevant improvements in autonomic and psychological outcomes. No other objective sleep variables differed significantly between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 12-week supervised exercise intervention improved functional capacity in cancer patients undergoing treatment, independent of exercise timing. However, morning exercise was associated with greater improvements in autonomic function, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms compared to afternoon/evening exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Different Exercise Modalities on Neuronal Plasticity and Spatial Memory.","authors":"Tavor Ben-Zeev, Chagai Levi, Nicholas A Ratamess, Henriette van Praag, Jay R Hoffman","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The relationship between exercise and brain function has been studied extensively; however, whether different exercise modalities promote hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function through shared or distinct biological pathways remains unclear. This study examined the effects of endurance training (ET), resistance training (RT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on hippocampal neurogenesis, spatial memory, and neurotrophic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty 3-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to control (SED), ET, RT, or HIIT groups. Following the training intervention, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed in the dentate gyrus using BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ immunolabeling. Hippocampal measures of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein (FNDC5), were quantified. Spatial memory was evaluated using the Barnes maze.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All exercise modalities increased the number of BrdU⁺/NeuN⁺ cells compared with sedentary controls (RT, p<0.001; ET, p=0.001; HIIT, p=0.016). Each modality produced a distinct molecular profile. RT elicited the greatest increases in hippocampal BDNF compared to all groups (RT vs. ET, p=0.007; RT vs. HIIT, p<0.001; RT vs. SED, p<0.001) and increased IGF-1 levels (RT vs. SED, p=0.014). ET increased hippocampal FDNC5 (ET vs. SED, p=0.033), whereas HIIT did not alter measured neurotrophic or myokine levels. Only RT and ET improved spatial learning.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although all exercise modalities increased hippocampal neurogenesis, only those associated with elevations in neurotrophic factors demonstrated improvements in spatial learning. These findings suggest that different exercise modalities may promote hippocampal plasticity through distinct biological profiles and that increases in neurogenesis alone may not be sufficient to enhance cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Is the Vertical-Kilometer of Fully (Switzerland) So Fast? Physiological and Mechanical Benefits of Stair Ascent on Extreme Uphill Slopes.","authors":"Louis Finiel, Valentin Luc, Tristan Cardillo, Davide Malatesta, Fabio Borrani","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The world's fastest vertical kilometer course in Fully (Switzerland) is comprised of stairs at a very steep grade (~31°). The aim was to determine whether stair ascent, with and without poles, lowered physiological, mechanical, and neuromuscular demands compared with continuous uphill ramp locomotion at VK-relevant slopes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two endurance-trained participants completed randomized treadmill trials at a constant vertical speed (800 m·h-1) in three conditions: uphill ramp (R), stairs (S), and stairs with poles (SP), each performed at six slopes (18-38°). Metabolic power (MP), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (V̇E), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), internal mechanical work, step frequency, and lower-limb electromyography were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 18°, S elicited greater MP (6%), HR (4%), and V̇E (7%) compared to R (all P<0.001), with no difference in RPE. From 26° to 38°, S elicited less MP (6-10%), HR (5-10%), V̇E, and RPE relative to R (all P≤0.05). Across 26-38°, S involved less internal mechanical work (23-45%, P<0.001), lower step frequency (P<0.001), and reduced gastrocnemius lateralis activity (P<0.001) compared with R. Relative to S, SP reduced gastrocnemius lateralis and vastus lateralis activity (P<0.05) but did not change MP, HR, V̇E, or RPE (all p≥0.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>On very steep slopes, stairs improve uphill economy and reduce rate of perceived exertion, likely through reductions in internal mechanical work and plantar-flexor demand. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for exceptional performances on VK courses featuring extended stair sections. Using poles on stairs altered the activation of the measured lower-limb muscles, particularly by reducing gastrocnemius lateralis activity, without clear physiological or perceptual benefit at the tested intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postural Instability Is Greater in Men with Type 2 Diabetes after Exertional Heat Stress.","authors":"Jericho Wee, Stesha Low, Xiang Ren Tan, Melvin Khee Shing Leow, Johan G Eriksson, Jason Kai Wei Lee","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004025","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) face a greater risk of heat-related illness during exercise compared to healthy counterparts. Here, we examined how T2D affects thermoregulation and postexercise postural sway in cool and warm-humid environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Middle-aged men with ( n = 15, age: 58 ± 5 yr, : 31 ± 6 mL · kg -1 · min -1 ) and without T2D (CON) ( n = 15, age: 58 ± 4 yr, : 34 ± 6 mL · kg -1 · min -1 ) walked for an hour at 6.0 W · kg -1 in 22°C, 50%RH (COOL) and 32°C, 70%RH (WARM) in a randomized counterbalanced crossover design. Gastrointestinal temperature (T gi ), skin temperatures (T sk ), heart rate, and whole-body sweat rate were assessed in this study. Postural balance (i.e., center of pressure [COP] excursions), handgrip strength and five-time sit-to-stand performance were assessed pre- and postexercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Men with T2D showed greater increase in postural instability, particularly when balancing on an unstable surface after WARM compared to COOL, despite similar postexercise T gi , T sk , HR, and whole-body sweat rate between groups. Anteroposterior COP (WARM > COOL: +9 mm [95% CI: 3-15 mm], d = 0.86, P = 0.037); total COP excursion (WARM > COOL: +126 mm [95% CI: 48-204 mm], d = 0.87, P = 0.018), and COP mean velocity (WARM > COOL: +5 mm · s -1 [95% CI: 2-7 mm · s -1 ], d = 1.49, P = 0.003) were increased only in men with T2D in WARM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Postural instability increased only in middle-aged men with T2D in humid heat, despite comparable thermoregulatory responses with age-matched men without T2D. This may be attributed to T2D-associated impairments (e.g., altered hemodynamics and/or vibrotactile sensitivity) which can lead to an increased fall risk during or after exercise in the heat.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1977-1990"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intravenously Administered Plasma from Exercise-Trained Donors on Mitochondrial Respiration in a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Cecilie S Norevik, Aleksi M Huuha, Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen, Stian Lydersen, Ragnhild N Røsbjørgen, Fredrik H Bækkerud, Nathan Scrimgeour, Atefe R Tari","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004018","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dysfunction of mitochondria is observed early in Alzheimer's disease (AD), possibly driving the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aims to assess whether plasma from exercise-trained donors can enhance mitochondrial function in a transgenic AD model and to gain insight into the proteomic profile of the donor plasma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male McGill-R-Thy1-APP rats (n = 3 per treatment group) were treated at either an early preplaque stage (2.2 months) or a later stage (5.2 months) with plasma from exercise-trained donors (ExPlas), sedentary donors (SedPlas), or saline. The rats received 14 transfusions over 6 wk. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed in cornu ammonis (CA), dentate gyrus (DG), gastrocnemius, and left ventricle using high-resolution respirometry. Proteomic analyses were performed in donor blood using mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In early-stage AD rats, ExPlas improved hippocampal mitochondrial respiration. Compared with saline, CA oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity for complex I increased by +30.8 pmol O2·s-1·mg-1 (P < 0.001) and CI+II by +37.8 pmol O2·s-1·mg-1 (P < 0.001). Compared with SedPlas, CA OXPHOS for CI increased by +16.9 pmol O2·s-1·mg-1 (P = 0.01) and CI+II by +23.8 pmol O2·s-1·mg-1 (P = 0.007). In DG, similar improvements were only seen compared with saline. In CA, but not DG, of later-stage rats, ExPlas produced smaller but significant increases in CI and CI+II OXPHOS compared with saline, but no significant differences compared with SedPlas. No changes were observed in muscle or heart. Proteomics revealed enrichment of complement and platelet-related pathways in ExPlas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This proof-of-concept study shows that exercise-trained donor plasma enhances hippocampal mitochondrial respiration in early-stage AD rats and, to a lesser extent, in later-stage AD rats. The proteomic profile of the exercise-trained donor plasma indicates a role of altered complement and platelet functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":"58 9","pages":"1901-1913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Vigorous Physical Activity Associated with Reduced Hospitalization Risk with or without Diabetes or Peripheral Artery Disease: Study of Latinos.","authors":"Sarah K Alver, Carmen C Cuthbertson, Kelly R Evenson, Jennifer A Schrack, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Natasha Z Anita, Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani, Linda C Gallo, Jordan A Carlson, Matthew Allison, Martha L Daviglus, Olga Garcia-Bedoya, Christina Cordero, Xiaonan Xue, Jianwen Cai, Kunihiro Matsushita, Robert C Kaplan","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004026","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assessed whether greater physical activity (PA) and lesser sedentary behavior (SB) reduce hospitalization risk equally among those with and without prediabetes, diabetes, or peripheral artery disease (PAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We studied PA, SB and hospitalizations in 12,734 adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, who were 52.2% female with mean (standard deviation) age 41.1 (14.9) yr at baseline. Participants reported 10,025 nonpregnancy-related hospitalizations (excluding emergency room only) over 13 yr. We modeled the association between accelerometer-measured activity (SB; light intensity physical activity [LPA]; moderate physical activity [MPA]; vigorous physical activity [VPA]) and hospitalization, using Andersen-Gill proportional intensity models, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. We tested whether the association differed by baseline diabetes and PAD status: normoglycemia (without diabetes or prediabetes) and no PAD, n = 4589; normoglycemia and PAD, n = 505; prediabetes and no PAD, n = 3987; prediabetes and PAD, n = 947; diabetes and no PAD, n = 1829; diabetes and PAD, n = 877.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Greater SB and lesser LPA were significantly associated with hospitalization risk in the overall population, with intensity ratios (generalization of hazard ratio) of 1.03 (95% confidence interval 1.00, 1.05)·per h/d SB, and 0.97 (0.95, 1.00)·per h/d LPA. MPA was inversely associated with hospitalization only when comparing the second tertile to the first; intensity ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.88 (0.79, 0.98). Categorical VPA results suggest benefit in those with normoglycemia (regardless of PAD) or prediabetes with no PAD. Among those with diabetes, we observed a direct association between VPA and hospitalization in those without PAD and no association in those with PAD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lower risk of hospitalization was associated with lesser SB and greater LPA, while MPA was associated with fewer hospitalizations only when performed for a duration of >8-≤22 min·d -1 .</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"2007-2019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148330940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport and Physical Activity Among Transgender People: American College of Sports Medicine Call to Action Statement.","authors":"Michael J Joyner, Jonathon W Senefeld, Stéphane Bermon, Kerrie L Moreau, Sandra K Hunter","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000004087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":"58 9","pages":"2163-2166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148689352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Youth Sport Participation on Neural Processing During Response Inhibition in Children.","authors":"Julia Leskow, Andrew Jahn, Chia-Hao Shih, Eleanna Varangis","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004021","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Youth sports offer many benefits to developing children, but collision sports introduce additional risks from exposure to repetitive head impacts. Past research has linked this exposure to reduced cognitive performance, including response inhibition. The current study aimed to probe how participation in collision sports affects inhibitory control in current youth collision sport athletes, compared with peers who participate in non-contact sports or non-sport activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used functional magnetic resonance imaging data acquired in the context of a response inhibition task from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project Development Study to investigate how inhibitory control processing may differ among three groups: youth athletes who currently participate in non-contact sports ( n = 70; 13.2 ± 2.7 yr), youth athletes who currently participate in collision sports ( n = 48; 12.9 ± 2.6 yr), and current youth participants of non-sport activities ( n = 57; 14.3 ± 2.5 yr). Group differences on task-based behavioral measures (accuracy, reaction time) were assessed using generalized linear models. A whole-brain univariate functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis using a generalized linear model approach was conducted to identify task-related regional differences in the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent signal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No group differences were observed in behavioral task performance ( P values above 0.242). However, there were differences in neural recruitment of the left Superior Temporal Gyrus region (Montreal Neurological Institute coordinates: -58, -40, 10; k = 102 voxels; peak voxel z -value = 4.24; P < 0.001, cluster-corrected) when comparing the two sport groups to the non-sport activity group-athletes activated this region more than non-sport peers during inhibited response trials.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sport participation may influence differential processing during active response inhibition, perhaps signaling differences in task strategy; however, collision sport participation shows no distinct deleterious effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1937-1950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147839911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a Genome-Wide Polygenic Score for Handgrip Strength and Its Interplay with Leisure-Time Physical Activity Across the IGEMS Twin Cohorts.","authors":"Päivi Herranen, Teemu Palviainen, Marianne Nygaard, Ida K Karlsson, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Karen A Mather, Chandra A Reynolds, Matthew S Panizzon, Taina Rantanen, Deborah Finkel, Margaret Gatz, Nancy L Pedersen, Jaakko Kaprio, Elina Sillanpää","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004019","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000004019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Polygenic scores (PGSs) may help assess genetic predisposition to multifactorial traits. We examined whether age, sex, and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) modify the association between a PGS for handgrip strength (HGS) and measured HGS in older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PGS for HGS (PGS hgs) , based on Pan-UK Biobank genome-wide association study data, was calculated for 5103 participants (aged 40-96; 44% women) from eight twin cohorts in Denmark, Sweden, Australia, the United States, and Finland within the IGEMS consortium. Sex-standardized HGS and self-reported LTPA were assessed cross-sectionally. Linear mixed models estimated associations between PGS hgs and HGS, including interactions with age, country, and LTPA, as well as an association between PGS hgs and LTPA. Fixed-effect within-pair models were conducted to assess environmental contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher PGS hgs was associated with greater HGS (β = 2.14, SE = 0.15, P < 0.001), explaining 4.6% of HGS variance overall, with modest variation across countries. In sex-stratified models, PGS hgs explained 5.2% of the variance in females and 4.3% in males. No statistically significant interaction with age was found. A significant PGS hgs × LTPA interaction (β = -0.034, P = 0.013) indicated that the association between LTPA and HGS was more pronounced among individuals with lower PGS hgs . The within-pair models offered limited support for the independent environmental impact of LTPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The PGS hgs was associated with measured HGS in the meta-analysis, highlighting the potential of PGSs to capture individual differences in strength-related traits across populations. The association of PGS hgs with HGS was moderated by LTPA, such that the beneficial impact of LTPA on HGS was greater among individuals with a lower genetic propensity for HGS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1914-1926"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}