Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Performance and Physiological Effects of Race Pace-Based Versus Heart Rate Variability-Guided Training Prescription in Runners.","authors":"Luis Eduardo Ranieri, Arturo Casado, Diana Martin, Daniel Trujillo-Colmena, Alexander Gil-Arias, Mark Kenneally, Alfonso Jiménez","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003671","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the present study was to compare performance and physiological effects, and inter-individual response variation in performance and its physiological determinants between heart rate-based (HR), race pace-based (RP), and heart rate variability-based (HRV) training prescription approaches in recreational distance runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight participants completed a 6-wk endurance training intervention after being randomly assigned to three groups: HR ( n = 9), RP ( n = 9), and HRV ( n = 10) training prescription approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No interaction effects between groups were observed. Main time effects were found for absolute and relative maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2max ), running economy (RE), speeds associated with the first (sVT1) and second ventilatory thresholds (sVT2), and 7-km time trial performance (TT) ( P < 0.001, 0.88 ≤ d ≤ 2.67). The RP group improved TT ( P < 0.05, effect size = 1.07), showing greater effectiveness in enhancing maximal aerobic speed and fat mass reduction, but did not consistently improve physiological parameters like sVT2 or RE. The HRV method increased sVT2 ( P < 0.01, effect size = 1.34) and was more successful in boosting sVT1 and V̇O 2max , although it resulted in an increase in fat mass. Training load was similar between groups ( P > 0.05), and a pyramidal training intensity distribution model was found in all groups. The lowest inter-individual response variation in TT was found in the RP group (coefficient of variation (CV) = 0.82), whereas the HRV group demonstrated a lower variation in relative V̇O 2max (CV = 0.75) and sVT2 (CV = 0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RP approach is an effective and useful training prescription method for optimizing performance in recreational runners, whereas the HRV method proves valuable for enhancing key physiological markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1510-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of a Pragmatic Exercise Intervention Pilot Study on Preventing Functional and Physical Decline in Hospitalized Older Adults.","authors":"Eva Peyrusqué, Marie-Jeanne Kergoat, Ali Filali-Mouhim, Nathalie Veillette, Raquel Fonseca, Marie-Josée Sirois, Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003687","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although physical activity (PA) has the potential to prevent iatrogenic disability, it is rarely integrated into usual care. We evaluated whether M aintenance of A utonomy T hrough exer C ise in H ospital Setting tool (MATCH), a pragmatic unsupervised exercise intervention, could help prevent physical and functional decline in hospitalized older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-randomized trial (ClinicalTrials #NCT04078334) was conducted involving 100 hospitalized patients, who were allocated to either the usual care + MATCH group (MG; n = 62) or the usual care only group (CG; n = 38). MATCH is an unsupervised PA program guided by a decision tree (3 exercises/session; 3×/day). Outcomes were assessed at admission and discharge: 1) primary outcome: functional capacities (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]); 2) secondary outcomes: handgrip strength, walking speed, functional mobility (3-m Timed-Up-and-Go [TUG]), leg muscle power (30-s chair-test), need for home care support, and functional autonomy in both instrumental and basic activities of daily living (ADL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At admission, groups were similar, except for nutritional status ( P = 0.047). There were no significant differences between groups for the primary outcome (SPPB: MG:+1.5 ± 1.9 vs CG:+1.0 ± 1.4/12pts, P = 0.25). However, the MG showed greater improvements in handgrip strength (MG:+1.7 ± 3.9 vs CG:-0.15 ± 3.0 kg, P = 0.02) and had a lower need for home care support at discharge (MG:44.3% vs CG:65.8%, P = 0.041). A higher proportion of MG participants improved to being at no risk of falling (TUG<14 s), achieved good functional capacity (SPPB ≥10/12: +6.6%), increased leg muscle power (women: <2.1/men: <2.6(W·kg -1 BW): -15.1%), and improved walking speed (<0.6 m·s -1 , -30.6%) compared with the CG. Clinically meaningful improvements in ADL (+82.7%) were observed only in the MG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining usual care with the MATCH intervention appears more effective than usual care alone in preventing physical and functional decline and reducing the need for home care support at discharge. Larger-scale efficacy studies are needed to confirm these promising results.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1570-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Protocol to Establish Exercise Intensity Domains for Aerobic Exercise Training in Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Robin Faricier, Randi R Keltz, Tim Hartley, Nathan Mackay, Juan M Murias, Ashlay A Huitema, Robert S McKelvie, Neville G Suskin, Daniel A Keir","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003684","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/purpose: </strong>The oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 )-power output (PO) relationship from incremental exercise needs to be adjusted to accurately prescribe constant-intensity exercise training. We assessed the accuracy of a \"step-ramp-step\" (SRS) protocol for prescribing constant PO exercise within moderate-intensity (below estimated lactate threshold, θ LT ), heavy-intensity (between θ LT and respiratory compensation point, RCP), and severe-intensity (above RCP) domains in 14 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SRS protocol included the following: 6 min of cycling at 25-40 W, a ramp-incremental test until task failure (5-15 W · min -1 ), and, after a 20 min recovery, 12 min of cycling at ~50%-60% of peak ramp PO. On separate days, patients performed three domain-specific constant PO exercises at 80% θ LT (moderate intensity [MOD]), 70% of the difference between θ LT and RCP (heavy intensity [HVY]), and 115% RCP (severe intensity [SEV]). Measured V̇O 2 values for MOD and HVY were compared with those predicted using either SRS-corrected or uncorrected approaches and, for SEV, were compared with peak ramp V̇O 2 .</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PO values for MOD, HVY, and SEV were 53 ± 27, 96 ± 50, and 116 ± 56 W, respectively, eliciting V̇O 2 of 1012 ± 362, 1541 ± 638, and 1944 ± 744 mL·min -1 . The SRS-corrected predictions did not differ from measured V̇O 2 for MOD (-25 ± 61 mL·min -1 ; P = 0.201) or HVY (-40 ± 89 mL·min -1 ; P = 0.208), whereas uncorrected predictions underestimated V̇O 2 by -128 ± 72 mL·min -1 ( P = 0.002) and -199 ± 99 mL·min -1 ( P = 0.001) in MOD and HVY, respectively. Peak V̇O 2 from SEV did not differ from the ramp (1906 ± 766 mL·min -1 ; P = 0.759).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In CAD, the V̇O 2 -PO relationship from incremental exercise must be corrected to prescribe constant-intensity training. The SRS protocol is an accurate approach to ensure prescriptive accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1593-1602"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Tai Chi on Multiple Brain Networks Structure-Function Couplings in Individuals with Subthreshold Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Jingsong Wu, Zhihan Liu, Baoru Zhao, Youze He, Jian Song, Yudie Hu, Tiecheng Wu","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003688","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Subthreshold depression represents a prodromal stage of major depressive disorder and may be associated with abnormalities in brain structural and functional networks. While studies have shown that mind-body exercises such as Tai Chi can alleviate subthreshold depression, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of Tai Chi for improving subthreshold depression from the perspective of structure-function coupling of brain networks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized controlled trial enrolled 112 individuals with subthreshold depression, randomly assigning them to either the Tai Chi group or a waitlist control group. Participants in the Tai Chi group received three 60-min training sessions per week for 12 wk. Outcome measures included assessments of negative mood symptoms, such as depression and stress, as well as structural and functional brain imaging.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After accounting for the dropout of nine participants, a total of 103 individuals were included in the final statistical analysis. Compared with the control group, participants in the Tai Chi group exhibited significant reductions in depression, stress, and anxiety scores. Network analyses revealed a decrease in structure-function coupling and characteristic path length within the frontoparietal network following Tai Chi practice. Further nodal analyses indicated a significant reduction in nodal degree and efficiency in the left prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate gyrus, while increases were observed in the right lateral prefrontal cortex. Partial correlation analysis demonstrated a significant negative correlation between right prefrontal efficiency and anxiety scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The benefits of Tai Chi on subthreshold depression may be related to modulating the structure-function coupling of the frontoparietal network and increasing nodal efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1422-1430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced Footwear Technology, But Not Acute Ingestion of a Ketone Monoester, Improves Running Economy in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners.","authors":"Aidan J Brady, Megan B Moynagh, Simon Devenney, Brendan Egan","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003682","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the separate and combined effects of advanced footwear technology and acute ingestion of a ketone monoester on running economy (RE), time to exhaustion, and other metabolic and cardiorespiratory parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a four-condition, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design, 18 middle- and long-distance runners (male/female = 10/8, V̇O 2peak = 59.4 ± 7.2 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ) completed five 8-min stages of submaximal running (male = 10-14 km⋅h -1 , female = 9-13 km⋅h -1 ) on a motorized treadmill, immediately followed by a ramp test to volitional exhaustion. Participants consumed 500 mL of either a 10% carbohydrate solution (CHO) or 500 mg·kg -1 body mass of an (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate ketone monoester with flavored water (KME) 20 min before exercise, and an additional 300 mL of the 10% carbohydrate solution or 250 mg·kg -1 body mass of KME during exercise, while wearing either Nike Pegasus Turbo (PEG) or Nike ZoomX Vaporfly Next% 3 (VAP) running shoes. The four randomized conditions were PEG + CHO, PEG + KME, VAP + CHO, and VAP + KME.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RE was significantly improved during the third and the fourth submaximal running stages in VAP + CHO and VAP + KME compared with PEG + CHO and PEG + KME (all P < 0.05, ES = 0.53-0.84). RE was also improved during the fifth submaximal running stage in VAP + KME compared with PEG + CHO, and in VAP + CHO and VAP + KME compared with PEG + KME (all P < 0.05, ES = 0.56-0.66). No differences in RE were found between CHO and KME conditions. Time to exhaustion was significantly longer in VAP + CHO (381 ± 125 s) than PEG + CHO (356 ± 140 s, P = 0.023, ES = 0.18) and PEG + KME (329 ± 131 s, P < 0.001, ES = 0.40) and in VAP + KME (375 ± 125 s) than PEG + KME ( P < 0.001, ES = 0.35).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced footwear technology, but not the acute ingestion of a ketone monoester, improved the RE of trained male and female middle- and long-distance runners at submaximal running speeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1559-1569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143502275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Peak Oxygen Uptake Monitoring in High-Intensity Interval Training Minimizes False Responder Rates Compared with Pre- to Posttesting.","authors":"Manuel Matzka, Lukas Lauber, Mascha Lenk, Florian Engel, Billy Sperlich","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003677","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the intra- and interindividual time courses of physiological adaptation to high-intensity interval training, comparing single and duplicate pre- to posttesting with session-by-session analysis to more accurately identify \"genuine\" adaptations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen participants (nine men) engaged in repeated 4 × 4 min high-intensity interval training sessions (2 times per week) until a meaningful change in the primary outcome, i.e., relative peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2peak ), was observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mixed-effects model analysis revealed a significant improvement for V̇O 2peak for both session-by-session (estimate: 0.18, P < 0.01, d = 0.11) analysis and duplicate pre- to postanalysis (estimate: 3.97, P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.36). Session-by-session analysis revealed significant variability in physiological responses, with a low coefficient of variation (CV) for V̇O 2peak (3.49% + 1.96%) and estimated maximum stroke volume (SV max ) (3.07% ± 1.92%), and indicating their reliability for detecting small changes. With a CV of 22.14% ± 13.80%, submaximal blood lactate ([BLa] submax ) was the least reliable parameter. With session-by-session analysis, V̇O 2peak was the only parameter displaying 100% positive responders after 9.5 ± 3.8 sessions. Additionally, session-by-session analysis revealed lower proportions of participants with positive adaptations for submaximal V̇O 2 and SV max but higher proportions for submaximal respiratory exchange ratio and rating of perceived exertion compared with pre- to postanalysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the value of longitudinal assessments for understanding the variability and dynamics of training adaptations. By addressing the limitations of pre- to postevaluations, the findings emphasize the importance of frequent monitoring to accurately capture individual responses, thereby advancing strategies for optimizing exercise interventions across diverse populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1354-1365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-Induced Changes in Hemodynamics, Hormones, Electrolytes, and Inflammatory Markers in Veteran Athletes with and without Coronary Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Sylvan L J E Janssen, Vincent L Aengevaeren, Femke DE Vries, Geert Kleinnibbelink, Alma M A Mingels, Maria T E Hopman, Arend Mosterd, Birgitta K Velthuis, Niels P Riksen, Thijs M H Eijsvogels","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003674","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Middle-aged and older male athletes have more coronary atherosclerosis than less active peers. We aimed to explore mechanisms that can contribute to this accelerated coronary atherosclerosis by comparing exercise-induced changes in hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, and inflammatory markers across athletes with and without coronary atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-nine male athletes recruited from the MARC-2 study were stratified as controls (coronary artery calcium score [CACS] = 0, n = 20), high CACS (≥300 Agatston units or ≥75th Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis percentile, n = 20), or significant stenosis (≥50% in any coronary artery, n = 19). At rest, during an exhaustive endurance cycling test and after 3 h of recovery, we measured blood pressure and blood concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, magnesium, phosphate, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-1RA, IL-10, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), VCAM-1, and E-selectin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight participants completed the exercise test (76 ± 14 min). All biomarkers changed during exercise, except CRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Systolic blood pressure, PTH, calcium, phosphate, IL-6, IL-1RA, and E-selectin concentrations increased during exercise. By contrast, diastolic blood pressure and magnesium concentrations decreased during exercise. The magnitude of exercise-induced responses of hemodynamic factors, circulating hormones, electrolytes, cytokines, and adhesion molecule concentrations did not, however, differ across groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Blood pressure, hormone, electrolyte, and cytokine concentrations changed after an exhaustive endurance exercise test, but the magnitude of these responses did not differ between athletes with versus without coronary atherosclerosis. These findings suggest that accelerated coronary atherosclerosis in endurance athletes may not be explained by differences in responses to exercise but by differences in exercise exposure or other mechanisms not assessed in this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1297-1308"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Heat Risk Mitigation Tool for Burn Survivors.","authors":"Zachary J McKenna, Josh Foster, Whitley C Atkins, Elizabeth A Gideon, Ollie Jay, Federico Tartarini, Craig G Crandall","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003694","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Burn survivors have an increased risk for heat-related illnesses and a heightened perceptual strain during exercise (thereby impeding physical activity), both due to impaired body temperature regulation. We developed and validated a freely deployed online model that burn survivors can use to estimate their heat risk during physical activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Model inputs included environmental conditions, physical activity intensity and duration, body size, clothing, and burn injury size. The developed model predicts heat risk categorized as either low to moderate (change in core temperature <1.7°C) or high to extreme (change in core temperature ≥1.7°C). We compared the core temperature responses and predicted heat risk from laboratory trials conducted in adults 19 to 61 yr of age with well-healed burn injuries ( n = 134) or simulated burn injuries ( n = 157). Burn injury sizes ranged from 20% to 80% of body surface area. Trials were conducted in our laboratory across a variety of environmental conditions (25°C to 39°C and 20% to 40% relative humidity) and exercise intensities (46 to 357 W·m -2 ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With heat risk as a binary outcome, the predictive accuracy of the model was 85%. The specificity of the model was 85%, and the sensitivity of the model was 79%. The positive predictive value was 27% and the negative predictive value was 98%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed model ( www.bsrcalculator.org ) predicts heat risk across a variety of environmental conditions and exercise intensities. We anticipate that this tool will inform individuals of their potential risk (or lack thereof) associated with performing physical activity in the heat while also promoting a physically active lifestyle in burn survivors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1501-1509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength Training Improves Running Economy Durability and Fatigued High-Intensity Performance in Well-Trained Male Runners: A Randomized Control Trial.","authors":"Michele Zanini, Jonathan P Folland, Han Wu, Richard C Blagrove","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003685","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Strength training improves running economy (RE) in a nonfatigued state and performance after prolonged exercise at moderate intensity. However, it is unknown if strength training improves RE durability at marathon race intensity, or high-intensity performance akin to the final stages of a competitive race. This study quantified the effect of a supplementary 10-wk strength training program on RE throughout 90 min of running in the heavy-intensity domain, and subsequent fatigued performance in runners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight well-trained male runners (maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ) 58.6 mL·kg -1 ·min -1 ; 10 km 39:02 mm:ss) were performance-matched and randomly assigned to a habitual running-only control (E; n = 14) or supplementary strength training group (E + S; n = 14) that performed maximal strength and plyometric training twice weekly for 10 wk. Before the training, participants performed a 90-min run at 10% Δ between lactate threshold 1 and 2 (13.1 ± 1.4 km·h -1 , 79.7% V̇O 2max ). RE, quantified as oxygen cost (mL·kg -1 ·km -1 ), was recorded at 15-min intervals during the run, immediately thereafter, participants ran a time to exhaustion (TTE) at 95% pre-test V̇O 2max (16.1 ± 1.6 km·h -1 ). The 90-min run and TTE were repeated after the training intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A large interaction effect of training-group-run time was found for RE ( P = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.13), with E + S improving versus E at 90 min (-2.1% vs +0.6%; P = 0.04). For TTE, a large group-training interaction effect was detected ( P = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.28), changing by +35% in E + S and -8% in E.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that adding maximal strength and plyometrics training to a program of endurance running improved RE durability and substantially increased high-intensity TTE at the end of a 90-min run in the heavy-intensity domain in well-trained male runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1546-1558"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graded Walking Energetics under Cold Strain.","authors":"David P Looney, Erica A Schafer, Christopher L Chapman, J Luke Pryor, Brandon M Roberts, Jesse A Stein, Karl E Friedl, Adam W Potter","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003664","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although research supports selecting steeper routes to minimize metabolic rate (M˙) in mountain racers, the \"steeper is cheaper\" strategy has yet to be confirmed for slower, more typical graded walking speeds under cold stress.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to confirm whether \"steeper is cheaper\" is true for typical graded walking speeds in individuals exposed to incremental cold stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen healthy, military-aged adults (age, 24 ± 6 yr; height, 1.72 ± 0.08 m; body mass, 72 ± 16 kg) completed four 20-min treadmill walks in three ambient temperatures (20°C, 10°C, and 0°C) in light clothing (i.e., shorts, t-shirt, light gloves). Each walk involved five stages at incremental vertical speeds (0.00, 1.93, 3.86, 5.79, 7.79 m·min -1 ) but variable treadmill speeds (0.54, 0.72, 1.07 m·s -1 ). To verify the \"steeper is cheaper\" strategy, we compared M˙ between treadmill speeds at matched vertical speeds in each temperature. We also tested if the 90% confidence interval around the mean percent paired difference between Load Carriage Decision Aid (LCDA) metabolic model predictions and measured M˙ was within ±10%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>M˙ was significantly higher for the faster treadmill speed at matched vertical speeds in all but two comparisons at 20°C, all but two comparisons at 10°C, and all comparisons at 0°C ( P < 0.05). LCDA metabolic model predictions were statistically equivalent to measured M˙ during graded walking at 20°C (90% confidence interval, -3.1% to 0.6%) and 10°C (-7.8% to -2.6%) but not 0°C (-16.2% to -9.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Route planners should recommend steeper but shorter routes to minimize M˙ in individuals that walk in temperate-to-cold environments. The LCDA metabolic model provides accurate M˙ predictions in lightly dressed individuals in temperatures down to 10°C, but users should expect underestimated M˙ in 0°C or colder.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1472-1480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}