Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise最新文献

{"title":"Ice Slurry Mitigates Hyperventilation and Cerebral Hypoperfusion, and May Enhance Endurance Performance in the Heat.","authors":"Akira Katagiri, Syuntaro Kawai, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Naoto Fujii","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003662","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hyperthermia causes hyperventilation and associated cerebral hypoperfusion, both of which may limit endurance performance in the heat. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that pre-exercise ice slurry ingestion may mitigate hyperventilation and cerebral hypoperfusion during exercise in the heat, enhancing endurance performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve healthy men ingested 7.5 g·kg -1 body weight of ice slurry (Ice) or the same solution at 37°C (Con) within 30 min. Thereafter, the participants performed cycle exercise for 30 min at 55% of peak oxygen uptake in the heat (35°C), followed by a cycle exercise at 90% of peak oxygen uptake until exhaustion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Esophageal, rectal, and gastrointestinal temperatures were lower throughout moderate-intensity exercise in the Ice than the Con trial (all P < 0.05). Correspondingly, minute ventilation was lower and cerebral blood flow index was higher in the Ice trial (both P ≤ 0.042, main effects of trial). Subjective severity of diarrhea and stomachache was increased in the Ice versus Con trial (both P ≤ 0.041, main effects of trial). The duration of high-intensity exercise was not statistically different between the two trials ( P = 0.160), although 8 out of the 10 participants exercised for a longer duration in the Ice trial, with a moderate effect size ( r = 0.47). Based on z -scores and Grubbs' test, one outlier, who exhibited an extreme increase in ventilation and gastrointestinal complaints following ice slurry ingestion, showed a marked reduction in exercise duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pre-exercise ice slurry ingestion alleviates hyperventilation and cerebral hypoperfusion during submaximal exercise in the heat and potentially improves subsequent high-intensity endurance performance, although the adverse effects associated with ice slurry ingestion might hinder the ergogenic effect in some individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1488-1500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training Parameters and Adaptations That Mediate Walking Capacity Gains from High-Intensity Gait Training Poststroke.","authors":"Pierce Boyne, Allison Miller, Sarah M Schwab-Farrell, Heidi Sucharew, Daniel Carl, Sandra A Billinger, Darcy S Reisman","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003691","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Locomotor high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve walking capacity (speed and endurance) more than moderate-intensity aerobic training (MAT) after stroke, but it is unclear which training parameter(s) should be prioritized (e.g., speed, heart rate, blood lactate, step count) and to what extent walking capacity gains are the result of gait changes versus cardiorespiratory adaptations. This study aimed to assess which training parameters and longitudinal adaptations most strongly mediate 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) gains from poststroke HIIT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The HIT-Stroke Trial randomized 55 persons with chronic stroke and walking limitations to HIIT or MAT, each involving overground and treadmill walking, 45 min, 3 times per week for 12 wk. HIIT used short maximum speed intervals, targeting >60% heart rate reserve (HRR). MAT targeted 40%-60% HRR. Blinded outcomes included 6MWD, short-distance gait function (e.g., fastest 10-m gait speed), and aerobic capacity (e.g., ventilatory threshold). This ancillary analysis used structural equation models to compare mediating effects of different training parameters and longitudinal adaptations on 6MWD changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Net gains in 6MWD from HIIT versus MAT were primarily mediated by faster training speeds (+57 m, P < 0.0001) and longitudinal gait adaptations (+37 m, P = 0.0005). Training step count was also positively associated with 6MWD gains but was lower with HIIT versus MAT, which decreased the net 6MWD gain from HIIT (-14 m, P = 0.02). HIIT generated higher training heart rate and lactate than MAT, but aerobic capacity gains were similar between groups, and 6MWD changes were not associated with training heart rate, training lactate, or aerobic adaptations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To increase walking capacity with poststroke HIIT, training speed and step count appear to be the most important parameters to prioritize.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1285-1296"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knee Ligament Moment Arms Scale with Epicondylar Width and Might Contribute to Ligament Injuries in Females.","authors":"Nynke B Rooks, Marco T Y Schneider, Thor F Besier","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003667","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Females are prone to knee ligament injuries compared with males. Moment arms describe the mechanical advantage of ligaments to stabilize the knee from injurious moments. Compared with males of the same stature, females have a smaller femoral epicondylar width, which we hypothesized would reduce their knee joint ligament moment arms in the frontal plane.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To calculate varus-valgus ligament moment arms, we created 26 patient-specific finite element models (17F; 9M) and simulated an axial load of half body weight. Tibial cartilage contact pressures were obtained and used to define the medial and lateral peak contact pressure, which were assumed to be the point of rotation in the frontal plane. The varus and valgus moment arms of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) were calculated as the perpendicular distance between the point of peak contact pressure and the centroid of each ligament. Multiple linear regression models with sex, height, and epicondylar width as independent variables were produced.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females had smaller varus-valgus ligament moment arms compared with males, with a mean difference of 7 to 9 mm observed by the MCL and LCL about the lateral and medial contact points, respectively (~12% smaller, P < 0.001). The female cohort exhibited ACL moment arms about the medial and lateral contact points that were ~4 mm less than the male cohort ( P < 0.05). Correlations between varus-valgus ligament moment arm and epicondylar width were found for all three ligaments using either the medial or lateral points of peak contact pressure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings support our hypothesis that females have smaller varus-valgus ligament moment arms compared with males, which could contribute to the higher rate of female ligament injuries compared with males.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1376-1382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint Associations of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Adiposity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents.","authors":"Mónica Suárez-Reyes, Robbie A Beyl, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Amanda E Staiano","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003663","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to explore the joint associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 309 participants (10-16 yr old). Measurements included accelerometer-measured MVPA and ST, anthropometrics, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. MVPA and ST were categorized as high or low based on median values (MVPA 27.7 min·d -1 , ST 597.7 min·d -1 ). General linear models assessed associations of MVPA and ST with adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors, adjusted for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed significant inverse associations between MVPA and adiposity measures. Thus, participants in the low MVPA category, compared with those in the high category, had higher body mass index (BMI; 2.23 units), z -BMI (0.43 units), waist circumference (6.1 cm), fat mass (4.6 kg), body fat (3.9%), and visceral fat (0.13 L), indicating that higher MVPA is linked to healthier body composition. No significant associations were found between ST and adiposity. MVPA was also negatively associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors, whereas ST showed no significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the need to prioritize increasing MVPA among adolescents to support healthy body composition and improve cardiometabolic health. Although ST did not show significant associations, it remains important to limit sedentary behaviors due to their potential contribution to negative health outcomes later in life.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1319-1325"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Sports Injuries across Menstrual Phases in Eumenorrheic and Abnormal Cycles in Japanese Female Athletes: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Miwako Suzuki-Yamanaka, Satoko Hashiba, Ryosuke Takahashi, Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga, Hiroki Iizawa, Naotaka Mamizuka","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003679","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to examine the incidence of injuries among different menstrual phases in eumenorrheic cycles and abnormal menstrual cycles in female athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study recruited female athletes involved in collegiate, semiprofessional, or professional team sports. Participating athletes self-reported their menstruation during the follow-up period. Menstrual cycles were classified as polymenorrhea, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, and eumenorrhea. Eumenorrheic cycles were further divided into estimated follicular phase (EFP), estimated ovulatory phase (EOP), and estimated luteal phase (ELP). Time-loss injuries and sports participation status were recorded by team medical staff. Incidence rates for each cycle and phase category were calculated per 1000 athlete-days with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Incidence rate ratios were used to compare risks among cycle and phase categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 316 female athletes were analyzed over a median follow-up period of 337 d. The incidence rates during eumenorrheic, oligomenorrheic/amenorrheic, and polymenorrheic cycles were 3.10 (95% CI, 2.61-3.67), 2.11 (95% CI, 1.44-2.98), and 4.84 (95% CI, 2.77-7.86) per 1000 athlete-days, respectively. Among eumenorrheic phases, the highest incidence rate was in the EOP at 5.14 (95% CI, 3.26-7.7), followed by the EFP at 3.19 (95% CI, 2.47-4.04) and the ELP at 2.52 (95% CI, 1.85-3.35). The incidence rate ratios for EOP compared with EFP and ELP were 1.61 (95% CI, 1.004-2.586) and 2.04 (95% CI, 1.238-3.357), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Injury risk is significantly higher during the EOP compared with the EFP and ELP in eumenorrheic cycles. Injury incidence was found to be lower during oligomenorrheic/amenorrheic cycles than during eumenorrheic cycles. Future studies should explore the factors contributing to the heightened injury risk during the EOP and the observed reduction in injury rates during oligomenorrheic/amenorrheic cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1395-1401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured Treadmill Training as a Strategy to Mitigate Tumor Growth and Preserve Adipose Tissue and Muscle Strength in Prostate Tumor-Bearing Mice.","authors":"Arthur Dieumegard, Suzanne Dufresne, Cindy Richard, Luz Orfila, Brice Martin, Laurent Rouvière, Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira, Mikaël Croyal, Romain Mathieu, Amélie Rébillard","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003675","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Exercise is widely recognized for providing numerous benefits to prostate cancer (PCa) survivors. Numerous preclinical studies have investigated the role of exercise on tumor progression, but results are often controversial, largely due to variations in experimental protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, the comprehensive effects of exercise on PCa were evaluated with two different aerobic exercises, forced and structured exercise training (ET) on treadmill, and voluntary wheel running (VWR). Human PCa PPC-1 cells or PBS was injected into athymic nude mice, randomized into four groups: healthy, cancer control (CaCTL), cancer with exercise training (CaET), and cancer with voluntary wheel running (CaVWR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ET significantly reduced tumor growth (290.38 ± 75.43 mm 3 ) compared with CaCTL mice (374.84 ± 86.15 mm 3 , P = 0.0227). ET also regulated plasma IL-6 concentration, protected against cancer-induced adipose tissue loss (CaCTL = 171.21 ± 86.73 mg, CaET = 341.71 ± 137.24 mg; P = 0.0295) and preserved strength (CaCTL = 126.53 ± 6.68 g, CaET = 137.32 ± 6.39 g; P = 0.0018). However, ET did not protect against cancer-induced muscle mass loss (CaCTL = 175.06 ± 18.07 mg, CaET = 181.41 ± 14.59 mg). In contrast, VWR did not provide similar benefits on the assessed cancer-related outcomes, aside from preserving muscle strength (CaCTL = 126.53 ± 6.68 g, CaVWR = 134.59 ± 7.01 g; P = 0.0204).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ET represented an effective strategy against PCa by limiting tumor growth, but also by mitigating inflammation and adipose tissue loss and preserving muscle strength, whereas VWR only provided limited benefits. The exercise parameters are emerging as a critical factor in combating PCa, warranting further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1452-1462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualized Cognitive Effort to Failure Does Not Affect Subsequent Strenuous Physical Performance.","authors":"Darías Holgado, Alice Cailleux, Paolo Ruggeri, Corinna Martarelli, Tristan A Bekinschtein, Daniel Sanabria, Nicolas Place","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003669","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The relationship between cognitive tasks and physical performance has garnered significant attention, with evidence suggesting that cognitive effort before exercise may impair physical performance. However, recent findings challenge the robustness of this effect, necessitating a reassessment of the mechanisms linking cognitive load to physical performance. This study introduces a novel approach to address methodological limitations, emphasizing individualized cognitive task difficulty and duration. Using techniques such as temporal experience tracing and psychophysiological monitoring, we explore the dynamics between cognitive effort, subjective states, and physical performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a preregistered, randomized, within-participant design experiment, 21 recreational athletes completed a running time to exhaustion test at 90% of their maximal aerobic speed after performing a cognitive task until failure or watching a self-selected documentary. Pupillometry and six subjective dimensions were measured with the temporal experience tracing during task performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 1) subjective changes during effortful tasks are not limited to a single experience, such as mental fatigue or boredom, but can be grouped into distinct patterns; 2) the individualized and demanding cognitive task, completed before exercise, did not impair subsequent physical performance; 3) pupil size reliably reflected cognitive load and is partially related to changes in subjective states, while fixation on the stimulus decreased over time, especially during high-demand periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results do not support the effect of performing a highly demanding cognitive task on subsequent strenuous physical performance. Instead, they reveal the richness of the subjective experience linked to cognitive performance that goes beyond mere mental fatigue. Overall, we show a novel way to understand the interplay between cognitive and physical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1603-1615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Accumulation of Performance Fatigue and Perceptual Responses across Consecutive High-Intensity Interval and Constant-Load Cycling Sessions.","authors":"Jenny Zhang, Keenan B Macdougall, Zachary J McClean, Brian R Macintosh, Martin J Macinnis, Saied Jalal Aboodarda","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003665","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In numerous sport and occupational settings, individuals often need to perform multiple exercise sessions in 1 d or across consecutive days, yet performance and perceptual responses to such exercise paradigms are unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated performance fatigue and perceptual responses to repeated, consecutive sessions of high-intensity interval (HIIT) and constant-work rate (CWR) cycling bouts performed within 24 h.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen healthy adults (nine females, aged 25 ± 6 yr) exercised in the morning, same afternoon, and following morning. Sessions consisted of work- and duration-matched HIIT (2 min at 80% peak power output (PPO) interspersed by 2 min at 25% PPO) and CWR cycling (38 min at 54% PPO). A time-to-task failure (TTF) trial at 80% PPO was completed followed by both morning sessions. Neuromuscular assessments, including isometric knee extension maximal voluntary contraction coupled with superimposed and potentiated (Q tw ) twitches, elicited via electrical stimuli to the femoral nerve, were performed before and after workouts, and after the TTF. Blood lactate and perceptual responses were also measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TTF trials were longer following CWR than HIIT ( P < 0.001). Across consecutive sessions, voluntary activation remained depressed, and this was accompanied by progressive impairments in cycling TTF following CWR ( P = 0.006). Conversely, maximal voluntary contraction and Q tw returned to baseline values by the beginning of each HIIT and CWR session. Perceived effort and dyspnea were higher in HIIT but were not exacerbated across sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although declined voluntary and evoked force-generating capacities did not persist in this study, consecutive exercise could compromise the recovery of voluntary activation and endurance performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1342-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-Free Voluntary Exercise Promotes Prophylactic Enhancement of Stress Resilience via the Nucleus Reuniens Affecting the Medial Prefrontal Cortex-Hippocampal Pathway.","authors":"Dong-Joo Hwang, Joon-Yong Cho","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003672","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Stress is a risk factor for psychiatric illnesses. However, not all individuals exposed to stress will develop affective disorders. We examined whether pretreatment with stress-free voluntary wheel running (VWR) exercise prophylactically enhances stress resilience in rodents and how it can effectively prevent the development of depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eight-week-old C57BL6/J mice were housed in cages with VWR and subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRST) for 2 h daily for 14 d. The mice were assessed for depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, and a behavioral matrix (k-means clustering) was introduced to segregate the mice into susceptible and resilient subpopulations. Chemogenetic inhibition and retrograde tracing were used to map the neural circuits involved in VWR's resilience-enhancing properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After CRST exposure, 71.50% of CRST mice with VWR were stress resilient, with less stress-induced prolonged activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and corticosterone (CORT) response, representing a 57.20% increase compared with CRST-only mice. Staining for c-Fos showed that VWR activated predominantly hippocampal GABAergic neurons and suppressed the activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Chemogenetic inhibition of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) dissipated the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of VWR pretreatment. In addition, the nucleus reuniens was implicated in VWR's resilience-enhancing properties, relaying reciprocal interactions of the mPFC-vHPC pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that stress-free voluntary exercise may be an effective modality for stress management and warrant further investigation into its resilience-enhancing mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1402-1412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vigorous Physical Activity Is Associated with White Matter Volume in Post-9/11 Veterans.","authors":"Madeleine K Nowak, James W Whitworth, Francesca C Fortenbaugh, William P Milberg, Catherine B Fortier, David H Salat","doi":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003678","DOIUrl":"10.1249/MSS.0000000000003678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship of physical activity levels on white matter volume in post-9/11 veterans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study consisted of post-9/11 veterans enrolled in the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) longitudinal study at VA Boston Healthcare System. Participants were retrospectively categorized into two groups: a vigorous group of veterans who participated in vigorous-intensity physical activity ( n = 84) and a no vigorous group of veterans who reported no participation of vigorous-intensity physical activity ( n = 62). Physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and veterans underwent quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging to obtain regional white matter volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis revealed trends of greater white matter volume throughout brain regions associated with cognitive functions and emotional regulation in the vigorous group compared with the no vigorous group. Following correction for multiple comparison, significant differences between groups were found in the right ( P -corrected = 0.049) and left ( P -corrected = 0.049) precuneus. Furthermore, an interaction analysis showed that the difference in white matter volume between vigorous and nonvigorous activity groups was more pronounced in individuals with PTSD compared with those without PTSD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data offer new insights suggesting that vigorous physical activity is associated with neural benefits in veterans with PTSD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18426,"journal":{"name":"Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise","volume":" ","pages":"1413-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}