Medical hypotheses最新文献_第8页

Comment on: “Can hydrogen prevent stress fractures in athletes?” Exploring the discussion of hydrogen use in sport medicine 评论"氢气能预防运动员应力性骨折吗？探讨氢气在运动医学中的应用

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111492

Nikola Todorovic , Dejan Javorac , Sergej M. Ostojic

引用次数: 0

How the somatosensory system adapts to the motor change in Stroke: A hemispheric Shift? 体感系统如何适应中风患者的运动变化？半球转移？

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111487

Jordan N. Williamson , Beni Mulyana , Rita Huan-Ting Peng , Sanjiv Jain , Wael Hassaneen , Amrendra Miranpuri , Yuan Yang

{"title":"How the somatosensory system adapts to the motor change in Stroke: A hemispheric Shift?","authors":"Jordan N. Williamson , Beni Mulyana , Rita Huan-Ting Peng , Sanjiv Jain , Wael Hassaneen , Amrendra Miranpuri , Yuan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies found that post-stroke motor impairments are associated with damage to the lesioned corticospinal tract and a maladaptive increase in indirect contralesional motor pathways. How the somatosensory system adapts to the change in the use of motor pathways and the role of adaptive sensory feedback to the abnormal movement control of the paretic arm remains largely unknown. We hypothesize that following a unilateral stroke, there is an adaptive hemispheric shift of somatosensory processing toward the contralesional sensorimotor areas to provide sensory feedback support to the contralesional indirect motor pathways. This research could provide new insights related to somatosensory reorganization after stroke, which could enrich future hypothesis-driven therapeutic rehabilitation strategies from a sensory or sensory-motor perspective. Understanding how somatosensory information shifts may provide a target for a novel method to therapeutically prevent and mitigate the emergence and expression of upper limb motor impairments, following a stroke.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18425,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypotheses","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 111487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A hypothesis linking the renin-angiotensin, kallikrein-kinin systems, and disseminated coagulation in COVID-19 将肾素-血管紧张素、凯利克林-激肽系统和 COVID-19 中的弥散性凝血联系起来的假设

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111488

Paula Fernanda Ribas Neves , Lisiê Valéria Paz , Andrea Wieck , Léder Leal Xavier

{"title":"A hypothesis linking the renin-angiotensin, kallikrein-kinin systems, and disseminated coagulation in COVID-19","authors":"Paula Fernanda Ribas Neves , Lisiê Valéria Paz , Andrea Wieck , Léder Leal Xavier","doi":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article we present a hypothesis based on the relationship between four physiological systems: the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), the arachidonic acid (AA) cascade, and platelet aggregation/coagulation − in the context of COVID-19. The central point of our proposition relies on ACE<sub>2</sub> levels, which reduce following SARS-CoV-2 entry in the cell. The following cascade of events. Triggered by this reduction, involves the increase in Ang II levels and its consequent binding to AT1-R, initiating the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1, IL-10, and IL-12. These pro-inflammatory cytokines activate immune cells, including mast cells, which release heparin, thus activating Coagulation factor XII and increasing pre-kallikrein (PK) production. Consequently, there is an increase in bradykinin (BK) levels. BK, via its receptor BKB2-R, induces Ca<sup>2</sup> + release increasing secreted phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (sPLA<sub>2</sub>) levels. Concomitantly, both the imbalance in Ang II/AT1-R and BK/BKB2-R signaling contribute to sPLA<sub>2</sub> activation, inducing the release of arachidonic acid (AA) from cell membrane phospholipids, by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) cleavage to produce prostaglandin G<sub>2</sub> (PGG<sub>2</sub>), and later prostaglandin H<sub>2</sub> (PGH<sub>2</sub>). At least, PGH<sub>2</sub> is converted to thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> (TXA<sub>2</sub>), which is involved in the platelet aggregation process. Platelet aggregation further increases TXA<sub>2</sub> levels, initiating a positive feedback loop leading to further platelet activation and clot formation. Ultimately, this cascade of events may contribute to the development of a pre-thrombotic state and increase the risk of mortality, in COVID-19. We believe that this integrated approach could provide a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 and guide future therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18425,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypotheses","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 111488"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Can tissue-specific PD-1/PD-L1 targeting combined with other immune checkpoint blockades enhance immune clearance? 组织特异性PD-1/PD-L1靶向与其他免疫检查点阻断剂联合使用能否提高免疫清除率？

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111491

Sadia Ahmad , Amna Rehman , Ali Afzal , Muhammad Babar Khawar

引用次数: 0

Trogocytosis: A potential pathogenic mechanism in immune thrombocytopenia leading to impaired megakaryocyte maturation and reduced platelet production 巨核细胞增多症：免疫性血小板减少症的潜在致病机制，导致巨核细胞成熟受损和血小板生成减少

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111490

Yingsuo Zhao , Xiang Ren , Pratiksha Paudel , Meili Ge , Qianwei Liu

{"title":"Trogocytosis: A potential pathogenic mechanism in immune thrombocytopenia leading to impaired megakaryocyte maturation and reduced platelet production","authors":"Yingsuo Zhao , Xiang Ren , Pratiksha Paudel , Meili Ge , Qianwei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease due to increased peripheral platelets destruction and inappropriate bone marrow production of platelets by megakaryocytes (MKs). The pathophysiology of ITP is complex and multifactorial, which remains not fully understood. However, the production of antiplatelet autoantibodies and the destruction of antibody-coated platelets through antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis by macrophages (Mθ) expressing Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) are regarded as the key mechanisms. Glycoprotein (GP) Ⅱb/Ⅲa is the main target of antiplatelet antibodies leading to platelet phagocytosis by splenic Mθ, through interactions with FcγR. As GPⅡb/Ⅲa is normally expressed both on platelets and the MKs from which they are derived, we inferred that partial phagocytosis (definitely trogocytosis) of MKs by bone marrow Mθ might exist, leading to the increased amount of granular MKs (or non-platelets-producing MKs) in ITP. And we further hypothesized that the “bitten” MKs cannot sustain their normal function of maturation. Such trogocytosis mechanism may shed new light on the understanding of morphology alterations, maturation defects and decreased platelets production of MKs in ITP, and provide appealing implications in therapeutic modifications targeting the interplay of MKs and Mθ in bone marrow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18425,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypotheses","volume":"193 ","pages":"Article 111490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Oxygen Gas-Filled Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Delivery System: A Hypothetical Design for Injectable Oxygen 氧气填充金属有机框架 (MOFs) 输送系统：可注射氧气的假想设计

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111489

Chitrangda Singh , Chandan Bhogendra Jha , Sreedevi Upadhyayula , Rashi Mathur

{"title":"Oxygen Gas-Filled Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Delivery System: A Hypothetical Design for Injectable Oxygen","authors":"Chitrangda Singh , Chandan Bhogendra Jha , Sreedevi Upadhyayula , Rashi Mathur","doi":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxygen delivery systems are crucial in critical care medicine, particularly for managing acute respiratory distress. This study presents a novel approach, exploring the potential of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as oxygen delivery systems. We highlight their unique properties and potential for enhancing oxygenation in medical settings. Understanding their biocompatibility, oxygen-carrying capacity, and controlled release mechanisms is pivotal for successful implementation in clinical practice. Thanks to their exceptional porosity, structural diversity, lower crystal density, and tunability, MOFs offer a fresh perspective on developing innovative oxygen carriers. We propose that MOFs will demonstrate biocompatibility, stability, and the ability to deliver oxygen in a controlled and sustained manner when administered intravenously in living organisms. Gas adsorption and molecular simulation techniques will demonstrate reversible oxygen binding within MOFs and predict controlled release kinetics. The findings of the simulations and experiments should indicate the feasibility of utilising MOFs as intravenous oxygen carriers with controlled and reversible oxygen release behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18425,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypotheses","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 111489"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amelioration of social impairments in autism: Possible role of vagal afferent stimulation in modification of the prefrontal-amygdala connectivity 改善自闭症患者的社交障碍：迷走神经传入刺激在改变前额叶-杏仁核连接中的可能作用

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111486

Pooya Moghimzadeh-Mohebbi, Mohammad Mahdi Sohrabi, Roham Mazloom

{"title":"Amelioration of social impairments in autism: Possible role of vagal afferent stimulation in modification of the prefrontal-amygdala connectivity","authors":"Pooya Moghimzadeh-Mohebbi, Mohammad Mahdi Sohrabi, Roham Mazloom","doi":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Impairment in social interactions is a prominent feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present hypothesis explains the possible role of vagal afferent stimulation in the modification of prefrontal-amygdala connectivity in the amelioration of social impairments in ASD. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for ASD. However, there is documented evidence showing that interventions that increase vagal tone lead to the improvement of autism-related social symptoms. However, the exact mechanism that explains the correlation between the elevation of vagal tone and the amelioration of autism-related symptoms has not been elucidated. In the present hypothesis, it is proposed that the increase in vagal tone affects the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem. The NTS has strong connections with other brainstem nuclei, such as the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. The aforementioned nuclei are the main sources of norepinephrine and serotonin, with extensive projections to various brain areas, especially the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala. PFC-amygdala functional connectivity plays an important role in social behavior and emotion regulation. Therefore, visceral stimulation, which subsequently increases the vagal tone, possibly leads to the improvement of autistic social deficits through the enhancement of PFC-amygdala functional connectivity. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the function of the mentioned neural pathways during visceral stimulation in individuals with ASD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18425,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypotheses","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 111486"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Inflammatory mechanisms as a potential cause of sciatica in lumbar disc herniation: A hypothesis 炎症机制是腰椎间盘突出症坐骨神经痛的潜在原因：一个假设

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111485

Lei Zhou, Yong Tang, Jihong Jiang, Yangsheng Wang, Changwei Chen, Feng Zhu

引用次数: 0

Engineered phage therapy for the effective treatment of recurrent Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections: A hypothesis 工程噬菌体疗法可有效治疗复发性耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌感染：一种假设

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111484

Xiangyu Cao , Hongkuan Deng

引用次数: 0

Prostaglandins suppress neutrophil function after sexual intercourse and may promote urinary tract infections 前列腺素会抑制性交后中性粒细胞的功能，并可能促进尿路感染

IF 2.1 4区医学

Medical hypotheses Pub Date : 2024-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111481

Gabriel Mayoral Andrade , Eduardo Perez Campos , Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado , Emiliano G. Mayoral Canseco , Angela Lee , Gabriela Vasquez-Martinez

{"title":"Prostaglandins suppress neutrophil function after sexual intercourse and may promote urinary tract infections","authors":"Gabriel Mayoral Andrade , Eduardo Perez Campos , Juan de Dios Ruiz-Rosado , Emiliano G. Mayoral Canseco , Angela Lee , Gabriela Vasquez-Martinez","doi":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sexually active women have an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which may be influenced by components in seminal plasma. Prostaglandins in seminal plasma are key modulators of the immune system and maternal-fetal immunological tolerance, influencing cells like platelets and neutrophils. Specifically, prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) inhibits platelet aggregation, while prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) alters neutrophil activity, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Given that the NET response is associated with UTIs, and PGI2 is known to modulate NETs, these interactions may contribute to the higher incidence of UTIs in sexual activity in women. This study aims to investigate whether UTIs following sexual activity are facilitated by an imbalance in NET formation mediated by prostaglandins. We employed four search strategies: Sex and UTI, NETs and UTIs, Prostaglandins and NETs, and Inflammasome and NETs, alongside a review of original research publications. By understanding this mechanism, we hope to reveal how prostaglandin-mediated immune modulation may increase susceptibility to UTIs after sexual activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18425,"journal":{"name":"Medical hypotheses","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 111481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030698772400224X/pdfft?md5=792964cce47ec3cd179940b76c1966ab&pid=1-s2.0-S030698772400224X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0