Membranes最新文献

{"title":"Membrane-Enabled Dialysate Regeneration for Wearable and Miniaturized Artificial Kidney Systems: Transport Requirements, Hybrid Architectures, and Translational Constraints.","authors":"Yiqin Gan, Jingying Zhou, Chiwa Ao-Ieong, Shouping Zhu, Yihan Wang, Chen Yun, Xiaofan He, Lianghong Yin, Wenjie Ye, Suhua Xu, Xianggeng Chi","doi":"10.3390/membranes16100311","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16100311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Low-volume dialysate recirculation couples the primary dialysis membrane to the regeneration circuit in wearable and miniaturized artificial kidneys. This narrative review examines membranes as blood-dialysate barriers, fractionation devices, adsorptive supports, and catalyst-containment interfaces. Nanofiltration, forward osmosis (FO), mixed-matrix adsorption, and membrane-supported catalysis are compared using transport, capacity, safety, and operating duration. Among the seven representative regeneration studies tabulated here, five tested only model or synthetic feeds, one operated at 70 °C, and three projected clinical-scale throughput or module requirements from bench data; and one demonstrated 24 h of coupled FO-oxidation bench operation. These overlapping counts describe the selected studies, not the entire literature. Commercial nanofiltration can separate urea from glucose and selected ions, while forward-osmosis and mixed-matrix systems enable urea transfer or capture. Sustained regeneration, nevertheless, requires a destination for the transferred urea: capture in a replaceable sorbent, chemical conversion with product control, or discharge. Membrane selection must, therefore, be evaluated together with electrolyte balance, fouling, return-stream safety, and cartridge capacity. Future studies should combine comparable reporting conditions with complete mass balances, patient-derived spent dialysate, prolonged closed-loop operation, and measured module mass and energy demand.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13706710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149269922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-Step Production of PEM Membranes with a Recombination Interlayer Using a Three-Layer Slot Die.","authors":"Andrea Hintzen, Markus Stähler, Lukas Rein","doi":"10.3390/membranes16100309","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16100309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using membranes with recombination catalyst layers in PEM water electrolyzers effectively reduces the formation of explosive gas mixtures. Slot die coating is an established method for producing such functional layer systems. This work demonstrates the fabrication of a recombination catalyst-containing membrane in a single step using a three-layer slot die. The membrane is made of an insulating ionomer layer on the top and bottom layer and an intermediate layer containing a recombination catalyst. Cell experiments confirm that the membrane effectively reduces hazardous hydrogen concentrations in the anode circuit of the PEM electrolysis cell.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13706803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149269899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Microfiltration Pretreatment and Feed pH Adjustment on Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Desalination of Agricultural Drainage Water.","authors":"Ertuğrul Gül","doi":"10.3390/membranes16100310","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16100310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agricultural drainage water is a saline return flow whose reuse is constrained in intensively cultivated basins such as the Harran Plain in southeastern Türkiye. This exploratory, descriptive bench study examined microfiltration (MF) pretreatment and adjustment of the feed pH to approximately 7 on real drainage water (4.8 to 8.1 mS cm^-1) with flat-sheet NF270 and XLE membranes at 8 bar. Six treatment trains, four forming a 2 × 2 factorial, were each run twice in 6 h batch concentration mode, with the two runs of each train made on separate days. XLE rejected 93 to 98% of feed conductivity and delivered 0.10 to 0.63 mS cm^-1 permeate, whereas NF270 rejected 76 to 80%. The second run of every factorial cell rejected more than the first, so run order was blocked post hoc. The blocked model associates MF pretreatment with a gain of 2.0 percentage points (95% CI 0.03 to 3.97) and bounds the pH effect within two points of zero. No result reaches the 0.05 level under familywise adjustment. Normalizing flux to net driving pressure separates osmotic loss from loss of membrane permeability; one unpretreated run of eight lost permeability, an observation compatible with chance. Water recovery was not measured, and irrigation suitability was not assessed, as conductivity alone cannot establish it. These runs tested acute rejection and flux, not the scaling control that motivates acid dosing in practice; the ions that set scaling potential were not measured. The findings are preliminary and describe process configuration of these feeds rather than membrane-level mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13706926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149269938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CFTR Modulation by <i>Plantago asiatica</i> Flavonoids: A Potential Antisecretory Mechanism Against Diarrhoea.","authors":"Wenqiang Cui, JiaHao Liu, Ruiguang Wang, Yongzhi Ren, Yanhua Li","doi":"10.3390/membranes16100308","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16100308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Plantago asiatica</i> L. (<i>P. asiatica</i>) is traditionally used to treat diarrhoea in veterinary medicine, but its molecular basis remains unclear. In rodent models, the water extract and active fractions reduced intestinal fluid accumulation without significant transit inhibition by the crude extract, supporting a substantial antisecretory component. A phenotype-guided analysis of 14 compounds identified from the active fractions prioritised cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the principal apical chloride channel driving intestinal fluid secretion. Apigenin, luteolin and scutellarein were then evaluated at the lipid-exposed ivacaftor site of porcine CFTR in a POPC membrane. Although this regulatory site can support both CFTR potentiation and inhibition, the ligand-specific binding arrangements underlying these opposite effects remain unclear. Luteolin formed a persistent Glu874-centred network and produced the largest reproducible shift in local TM8 hinge geometry, providing a structural hypothesis for inhibitory modulation. Apigenin sampled a TM4-shifted State A and a TM8-facing State B that overlapped the ivacaftor-associated pocket. In light of its reported concentration-dependent block and potentiation, these ensembles are proposed as inhibition-associated and potentiation-associated modes, respectively. Scutellarein remained associated with the shared pocket and exhibited a distinct interaction pattern, further supporting the ligand-dependent conformational plasticity of this regulatory site. These findings support CFTR modulation by <i>P. asiatica</i> flavonoids as a plausible mechanism for reducing chloride-driven intestinal fluid secretion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13707013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149269961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Barium Excess on the Performance of Multilayer Microtubular Proton Ceramic Electrochemical Hydrogen Pumps with Ba_xCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-δ (x = 1.05, 1.10, 1.15).","authors":"Shao Zhang, Lihui Wang, Congcong Li, Mingming Wang, Zhigang Wang, Xiaoyao Tan","doi":"10.3390/membranes16090307","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16090307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of Ba-excess Ba_xCe_0.7Zr_0.1Y_0.1Yb_0.1O_3-δ (B_xCZYYb, x = 1.05, 1.10, 1.15) was employed as electrolytes. Multilayer microtubular protonic ceramic electrochemical hydrogen pumps (PCEHPs) with a current collector/anode/electrolyte/cathode/current collector architecture were fabricated by a triple-layer one-step co-spinning and co-sintering method. Their hydrogen separation performance was systematically investigated over the temperature range of 200-400 °C. The results show that the hydrogen pump employing the B_1.05CZYYb electrolyte delivers the optimal performance. At 250 °C and a feed H₂ concentration of 30 vol%, the hydrogen permeation flux achieves 1.01 mL min^-1 cm^-2, with Faradaic efficiency maintained above 95%. EDS line-scan results reveal the presence of Ni-rich precipitates on grain surfaces in the co-sintered electrolyte layer. It is speculated that, under the co-sintering conditions, excessive Ba may induce lattice distortion and reduce Ni solubility in the perovskite lattice, thereby promoting Ni exsolution at grain surfaces; the precipitated Ni could, in turn, hinder proton conduction and increase the ohmic resistance. These findings suggest that the hydrogen-permeation performance of multilayer PCEHPs is governed by the combined effect of Ba excess and Ni rather than by Ba doping alone. This work provides a valid experimental basis and theoretical reference for component optimization and structural design of high-performance co-sintered microtubular PCEHP devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sacrificial CaCO₃ Precoating Preserves Fouling Reversibility of Ceramic Nanofiltration During Filtration of Real Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent.","authors":"Yuke Li, Luuk C Rietveld, Sebastiaan G J Heijman","doi":"10.3390/membranes16090306","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16090306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fouling of ceramic nanofiltration (NF) membranes becomes difficult to reverse when complex wastewater constituents accumulate directly on the selective layer. Sacrificial precoating may spatially separate foulant deposition from the membrane surface, but its effectiveness under real wastewater conditions remains insufficiently understood. A single CaCO₃ precoating step was evaluated over three consecutive filtration-cleaning cycles using municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent. During three consecutive 6-h filtration cycles, precoating substantially improved the reversibility of hydraulic fouling. Permeability recovery reached 92% after the first cleaning and was 80% after the second cleaning, whereas the uncoated membrane recovered only 34% after the first cleaning and subsequently showed little effective recovery. The precoated system also exhibited markedly lower irreversible hydraulic resistance. In addition to fouling control, the mineral precoat altered solute removal in the complex wastewater matrix: DOC removal remained approximately 90%, while apparent phosphate removal increased from 38% for the uncoated membrane to 90% for the precoated system. These findings demonstrate that CaCO₃ precoating acts as a sacrificial interfacial layer that preserves fouling reversibility during ceramic NF treatment of real WWTP effluent, while mineral-solute interactions may additionally contribute to the apparent removal of selected inorganic solutes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609071/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Membrane Association and Downstream Effector Interaction of K-Ras by Its Hypervariable Region.","authors":"Anda Trifan, Hossein Omidi Ardali, Josh V Vermaas, Till Rudack, Emad Tajkhorshid","doi":"10.3390/membranes16090304","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16090304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The small GTPase Ras, a central switch in signal transduction of cell growth, is a crucial element in the development of many forms of cancer. Recent studies have shown that membrane association of Ras is essential to its downstream effector recruitment and signal transduction. Here we investigate the membrane association and interaction of K-Ras4B, the most frequently found Ras isoform in tumor cells, using all-atom molecular dynamics simulations totaling 8.5 μs. We find that the isoform-specific, farnesylated hypervariable region (HVR) of Ras plays an important role in the organization and oligomerization of its globular domain (G-domain) on the surface of the membrane. We show that the overall pose of the Ras G-domain on the membrane can be determined by its HVR. The HVR thus can control downstream effector binding by positioning the G-domain on the membrane in a specific orientation. Furthermore, we observe that the HVR alone already transiently dimerizes in the membrane and recruits negatively charged phosphatidylserine lipids around the K-Ras isoform-specific poly-lysine region. The observed HVR dimerization potentially can initiate the dimerization of the full K-Ras, which is essential for downstream effector signaling via various pathways. These atomistic details behind the molecular mechanism of the HVR provide novel insight into Ras interaction with membrane and its availability for downstream effectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy-Driven Initiation and Cytoskeletal Viscoelasticity in Endocytosis: An Onsager Variational Framework.","authors":"Jinjie Liu, Zhongcan Ouyang, Hao Wu","doi":"10.3390/membranes16090305","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16090305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis requires a particle to approach the cell membrane to within a few nanometers before ligand-receptor binding can occur. Existing continuum models often start from an already established contact and do not explicitly describe how crowding particles on the extracellular side influence the distribution of the particle near the membrane. We examine entropic depletion forces as one possible nonspecific contribution to this initial approach. For ideal depletants, the Asakura-Oosawa excluded-volume construction gives an exact depletion potential for the planar geometry before contact. The potential and force vanish continuously at the onset of excluded-volume overlap. This interaction provides a possible contribution to membrane proximity before specific binding, while its extension to curved wrapping geometries requires additional approximation. Within a reduced continuum model, we combine depletion attraction, ligand-receptor binding, membrane deformation, and cytoskeletal viscoelastic dissipation. The viscoelastic contact is formulated through a hereditary integral and a standard linear solid. The kinetic model gives a conditional minimum ligand density for complete engulfment, a finite particle-size window, and a stiffness-dependent upper limit. When the stationary radius lies inside the domain of finite positive wrapping times, the estimated wrapping time has a minimum at a radius that decreases with increasing binding energy density. At fixed viscosity and other independent parameters, the same time approximation predicts slower wrapping as cell stiffness increases. The two positive roots defining the size window merge at a limiting parameter value, which characterizes closure of the admissible size interval. Depletion attraction is interpreted as one possible contribution to particle-membrane association, alongside electrostatic interactions, steric effects, and membrane fluctuations. The present analysis identifies how nonspecific attraction, specific adhesion, and mechanical resistance can contribute to different stages of membrane wrapping.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Three-Dimensional Framework for Rational Ion Separation with Polymeric Membrane Systems.","authors":"George Bess-Palacios, Guillermo González-Sánchez, Claudia Alejandra Hernández-Escobar, Claudia Ivone Piñón-Balderrama, Miguel Alonso Orozco-Alvarado, América Susana Mares-García, Anayansi Estrada-Monje, Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras","doi":"10.3390/membranes16090302","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16090302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review treats selective ion separation in polymeric membrane systems as a design problem rather than as a fixed material property. To address the gap between laboratory performance and process-level relevance, a three-dimensional analytical framework that integrates transport mechanism, dynamic structural state, and separation-matrix complexity is proposed. Five research streams are compared: polymer inclusion membranes, ion-exchange membranes and electrodialysis, nanostructured and subnanometric frameworks, composite architectures, and polymer inclusion membrane - electrodialysis (PIM-ED) hybrids. The comparison shows that selectivity is governed not only by the nominal membrane mechanism, but also by hydration-driven structural changes and by the complexity of the operating matrix. Overall, the framework provides a common basis for interpreting selectivity, comparing membrane families, and guiding rational design for ion-separation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of 2D Ag-MBene-Modified Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membranes for Enhanced Water Treatment Performance.","authors":"Asam Amin Almulla, Fikri T Dweiri","doi":"10.3390/membranes16090303","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes16090303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modified PES ultrafiltration membranes containing Ag-MBene nanoparticles were developed via the non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) technique and evaluated for tertiary-treated sewage (TSE) filtration applications. This study aims to establish an integrated understanding of membrane structure, properties, and performance by correlating morphology, roughness, hydrophilicity, porosity, permeability, antifouling properties, and pollutant rejection capabilities. Ag-MBene nanomaterials were incorporated into the PES membrane at various loading concentrations to increase the membrane hydrophilicity and antifouling characteristics. The detailed characterization of membrane samples was performed using SEM, AFM, EDS, FTIR, contact angle analysis, and porosity evaluation. The membranes exhibited distinct structural features after the addition of Ag-MBene nanomaterials. SEM analysis revealed enhanced macropore formation and increased pore interconnectivity at a relatively moderate loading concentration of nanoparticles. AFM analysis further confirmed progressive membrane roughness enhancement after incorporating Ag-MBene particles. The contact angle decreased from 81.2° (UF00) to 47.3° (UF1.5), indicating enhanced hydrophilicity of the modified membranes. UF0.5 exhibited the most balanced overall performance due to optimized pore morphology, improved wettability, and uniform nanoparticle dispersion. The modified membranes also exhibited enhanced flux performance, more reversible fouling behavior, and improved chemical oxygen demand (COD)/total suspended solids (TSS) removal efficiency than pristine membranes. ANOVA revealed significant differences among various membranes (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and the UF0.5 configuration was identified as the optimal membrane based on its balanced structural and performance characteristics. These findings demonstrate that balanced optimization of membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, and nanoparticle dispersion is essential for maximizing ultrafiltration performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13609314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149039613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}