{"title":"Combined Reaction System for NH<sub>3</sub> Decomposition and CO<sub>2</sub> Methanation Using Hydrogen Permeable Membrane Reactor in 1D Model Analysis.","authors":"Putri Permatasari, Haruka Goto, Manabu Miyamoto, Yasunori Oumi, Yogi Wibisono Budhi, Shigeyuki Uemiya","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120273","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a previous study, we developed an integrated reaction system combining NH<sub>3</sub> decomposition and CO<sub>2</sub> methanation within a membrane reactor, significantly enhancing reactor performance through efficient H<sub>2</sub> separation. Ru/Ba/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Ru/ZrO<sub>2</sub> were employed as catalysts for each reaction. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of our results, they were validated through 1D models using FlexPDE Professional Version 7.21/W64 software. Key parameters such as reactor arrangement, catalyst bed positioning, overall heat transfer coefficient, rate constants, and H<sub>2</sub> permeance were investigated to optimize system efficiency. The study revealed that positioning the NH<sub>3</sub> decomposition on the shell side and CO<sub>2</sub> methanation on the tube side resulted in a better performance. Additionally, shifting the methanation catalyst bed downward by approximately one-eighth (10 mm from 80 mm) achieves the highest CO<sub>2</sub> conversion. A sensitivity analysis identified the rate constant of the NH<sub>3</sub> decomposition catalyst and the H<sub>2</sub> permeance of the membrane as the most influential factors in enhancing CO<sub>2</sub> conversion. This highlights the priority of improving membrane H<sub>2</sub> permeance and catalytic activity for NH<sub>3</sub> decomposition to maximize system efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676136/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A PDA@ZIF-8-Incorporated PMIA TFN-FO Membrane for Seawater Desalination: Improving Water Flux and Anti-Fouling Performance.","authors":"Yu Ma, Rui Jia, Zhen-Liang Xu, Aida Aibulatova, Xiao-Gang Jin, Yin-Xin Fang, Ming-Xiao Zhang, Sun-Jie Xu","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120272","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forward osmosis (FO) technology, known for its minimal energy requirements, excellent resistance to fouling, and significant commercial potential, shows enormous promise in the development of sustainable technologies, especially with regard to seawater desalination and wastewater. In this study, we improved the performance of the FO membrane in terms of its mechanical strength and hydrophilic properties. Generally, the water flux (<i>J<sub>w</sub></i>) of polyisophenylbenzamide (PMIA) thin-film composite (TFC)-FO membranes is still inadequate for industrial applications. Here, hydrophilic polydopamine (PDA)@ zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) nanomaterials and their integration into PMIA membranes using the interfacial polymerization (IP) method were investigated. The impact of PDA@ZIF-8 on membrane performance in both pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) and forward osmosis (FO) modes was analyzed. The durability and fouling resistance of these membranes were evaluated over the long term. When the amount of ZIF-8@PDA incorporated in the membrane reached 0.05 wt% in the aqueous phase in the IP reaction, the <i>J<sub>w</sub></i> values for the PRO mode and FO mode were 12.09 LMH and 11.10 LMH, respectively. The reverse salt flux (<i>J<sub>s</sub>)/J<sub>w</sub></i> values for both modes decreased from 0.75 and 0.80 to 0.33 and 0.35, respectively. At the same time, the PRO and FO modes' properties were stable in a 15 h test. The incorporation of PDA@ZIF-8 facilitated the formation of water channels within the nanoparticle pores. Furthermore, the <i>J<sub>s</sub></i>/<i>J<sub>w</sub></i> ratio decreased significantly, and the FO membranes containing PDA@ZIF-8 exhibited high flux recovery rates and superior resistance to membrane fouling. Therefore, PDA@ZIF-8-modified FO membranes have the potential for use in industrial applications in seawater desalination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Developments in Electrospun Nanofiber-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Materials, Structure, and Applications.","authors":"Qinglong Wei, Yuying Cao, Xiao Yang, Guosong Jiao, Xiaowen Qi, Guilin Wen","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120271","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered significant attention due to their high energy conversion efficiency and extensive application potential in energy harvesting and self-powered devices. Recent advancements in electrospun nanofibers, attributed to their outstanding mechanical properties and tailored surface characteristics, have meant that they can be used as a critical material for enhancing TENGs performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the developments in electrospun nanofiber-based TENGs. It begins with an exploration of the fundamental principles behind electrospinning and triboelectricity, followed by a detailed examination of the application and performance of various polymer materials, including poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), polyamide (PA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), and other significant polymers. Furthermore, this review analyzes the influence of diverse structural designs-such as fiber architectures, bionic configurations, and multilayer structures-on the performance of TENGs. Applications across self-powered devices, environmental energy harvesting, and wearable technologies are discussed. The review concludes by highlighting current challenges and outlining future research directions, offering valuable insights for researchers and engineers in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranesPub Date : 2024-12-13DOI: 10.3390/membranes14120270
Emma Fernández-Llamazares, Thi Hai Van Nguyen, Pere Verdugo, Aitor Gual, Diogo M E Garcia, Claudia Delgado Simão, Miriam Díaz de Los Bernardos, Adrianna Nogalska
{"title":"Polysulfone-Based Membranes Modified with Ionic Liquids and Silica for Potential Fuel Cell Applications.","authors":"Emma Fernández-Llamazares, Thi Hai Van Nguyen, Pere Verdugo, Aitor Gual, Diogo M E Garcia, Claudia Delgado Simão, Miriam Díaz de Los Bernardos, Adrianna Nogalska","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The urgent need for sustainable, low-emission energy solutions has positioned proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as a promising technology in clean energy conversion. Polysulfone (PSF) membranes with incorporated ionic liquid (IL) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane-functionalized silica (SiO<sub>2</sub>-PDMS) were developed and characterized for their potential application in PEMFCs. Using a phase inversion method, membranes with various combinations of PSFs, SiO<sub>2</sub>-PDMS, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate (BMI.TfO) (1-10 wt%) were prepared and characterized to assess their morphology, porosity, wettability, ionic conductivity, and thermal stability. Incorporating IL significantly altered the membrane structure, increasing porosity and surface roughness, while SiO<sub>2</sub>-PDMS enhanced IL retention, reducing leakage by up to 32%. Proton conductivity increased by up to 30 times compared to pure PSF, and membranes exhibited high hydrophilicity at optimal IL concentrations. This work highlights the potential of IL and silica-based membranes for practical applications in PEMFCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11677280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranesPub Date : 2024-12-12DOI: 10.3390/membranes14120269
Minyoung Lee, Jin-Soo Park
{"title":"Enhanced Performance and Durability of Pore-Filling Membranes for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis.","authors":"Minyoung Lee, Jin-Soo Park","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four distinct pore-filling anion exchange membranes (PFAEMs) were prepared, and their mechanical properties, ion conductivity, and performance in anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) were evaluated. The fabricated PFAEMs demonstrated exceptional tensile strength, which was approximately 14 times higher than that of the commercial membrane, despite being nearly half as thin. Ion conductivity measurements revealed that acrylamide-based membranes outperformed benzyl-based ones, exhibiting 25% and 41% higher conductivity when using crosslinkers with two and three crosslinking sites, respectively. The AEMWE performance directly correlated with the hydrophilicity and ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the membranes. Specifically, AE_3C achieved the highest performance, supported by its superior IEC and ionic conductivity. Durability tests showed that AE_3C outlasted the commercial membrane, with a delayed voltage increase corresponding to its higher IEC, confirming the importance of increased ion-exchange functional groups in ensuring longevity. These results highlight the critical role of hydrophilic monomers and crosslinker structure in optimizing PFAEMs for enhanced performance and durability in AEMWE applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranesPub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.3390/membranes14120268
Fabrício Wilbert, Joana Farias Corte, Felipe Tiago do Nascimento, Vanusca Dalosto Jahno, Marco Antônio Siqueira Rodrigues, Fabrício Celso, Salatiel W da Silva, Andrea Moura Bernardes
{"title":"Cationic/Anionic Poly(p-Phenylene Oxide) Membranes: Preparation and Electrodialysis Performance for Nickel Recovery from Industrial Effluents.","authors":"Fabrício Wilbert, Joana Farias Corte, Felipe Tiago do Nascimento, Vanusca Dalosto Jahno, Marco Antônio Siqueira Rodrigues, Fabrício Celso, Salatiel W da Silva, Andrea Moura Bernardes","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120268","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrodialysis (ED) has already been applied to recover nickel in galvanizing processes, allowing nickel recovery and the production of a treated effluent with demineralized water quality. However, the growth in ED use is still limited by the production and commercialization of ion-selective membranes, currently limited to a few large companies. Therefore, this paper presents the development of homogeneous cationic and anionic membranes made from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) for ED use. Cationic membranes were prepared by the sulfonation reaction of PPO under different experimental conditions (PPO:H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> molar ratio and reaction time). Anionic membranes were prepared by the bromination reaction of PPO, followed by the amination reaction. The membranes were characterized for their chemical and electrochemical properties, including ion exchange capacity, conductivity, thermal stability, and surface morphology. The optimal conditions for cationic membrane sulfonation were achieved with a 1:4.4 PPO:H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> molar ratio, and a reaction time of 0.5 h. For anionic membranes, the best results were obtained with bromination, with a PPO:NBS (N-Bromosuccinimide) molar ratio of 1:0.5, followed by 14 days of amination. Overall, 91.8% chloride, 90.9% sulfate, and 85.5% nickel ion extraction was achieved, highlighting PPO as a promising polymer for the development of anionic and cationic ion-selective membranes for ED.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranesPub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.3390/membranes14120267
Fadi S S Magalhães, Ernanni D Vieira, Mariana R B Batista, Antonio J Costa-Filho, Luis G M Basso
{"title":"Effects of Nicotine on the Thermodynamics and Phase Coexistence of Pulmonary Surfactant Model Membranes.","authors":"Fadi S S Magalhães, Ernanni D Vieira, Mariana R B Batista, Antonio J Costa-Filho, Luis G M Basso","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120267","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phase separation is essential for membrane function, and alterations in phase coexistence by membrane-interacting molecules, such as nicotine, can impair membrane stability. With the increasing use of e-cigarettes, concerns have arisen about the impact of nicotine on pulmonary surfactants. Here, we used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and electron spin resonance (ESR) to examine nicotine's effect on the phase coexistence of two surfactant models: pure DPPC and a DPPC/POPC/POPG mixture. Our DSC analysis revealed that nicotine interacts with both membranes, increasing enthalpy and entropy change during the phase transition. ESR revealed that nicotine affects membrane fluidity and packing of DPPC more effectively than the ternary mixture, especially near the surface. MD simulations showed that neutral nicotine resides in the mid-plane, while protonated nicotine remains near the surface. Nicotine binding to the membranes is dynamic, switching between bound and unbound states. Analysis via ESR/van't Hoff method revealed changes in the thermodynamics of phase coexistence, yielding distinct non-linear behavior. Nicotine altered the temperature dependence of the free energy, modifying the thermodynamic driving forces and the balance of non-covalent lipid interactions. These findings provide new insights into how nicotine influences pulmonary surfactant model membranes, with potential implications for surfactant function.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranesPub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.3390/membranes14120265
Dahye Jeong, Jin-Soo Park
{"title":"Effect of Anion-Conducting Electrolytes in Pore-Filling Membranes on Performance and Durability in Water Electrolysis.","authors":"Dahye Jeong, Jin-Soo Park","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120265","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the effect of the structural characteristics of anion-conducting monomers within pore-filling anion exchange membranes on the performance and durability of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. Analysis reveals that acrylamide- and acrylate-based membranes show optimal performance without methyl groups, with acrylamide-based membranes outperforming their acrylate counterparts in current density, particularly at 1.8 V. The AC-AA and AC-MAA monomers demonstrate durability, with AC-MAA showing enhanced alkaline stability, likely due to the presence of a methyl group, resulting in an increase rate of 746.6 μV/h compared to AC-AA's 1150 μV/h. This study also shows that a commercial membrane exhibits a decrease rate of 3116 μV/h, underscoring the pore-filling membrane's superior durability. Furthermore, the findings highlight that pore-filling membrane technology enables better durability and performance in electrolysis environments compared to the commercial homogeneous membrane, particularly when alkaline conditions are present. This research provides a foundation for designing high-performance, durable membranes for efficient hydrogen production, particularly under water electrolysis conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study on Recycling Industrial Wastewater with Nanofiltration Membrane Separation Technology.","authors":"Yiqiang Deng, Xiaoqian Bai, Jialong Lin, Linyan Yang, Yuqing Lin, Mingyue Lin, Guangli Xiu","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120266","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As pressure on water resources intensifies and stringent regulations for groundwater and surface water are enacted, wastewater recycling has emerged as a key research objective for many enterprises. In this study, based on the actual wastewater discharged from Eternal Electronic (Suzhou, China) Co., Ltd., the performance differences in different membrane materials in treating this wastewater were analyzed and compared. The NF90 membrane was ultimately selected as the most suitable choice for treating this wastewater with optimal operating conditions of 150 psi, 25 °C, and 1 L/min, respectively. All the indices of wastewater treatment can satisfy the standard of circulating cooling water. In addition, this work is closely combined with the practical applications by using an HCl solution (pH = 3-4) to clean the fouled membranes, thus effectively solving the membrane fouling in the treatment process. This approach not only satisfies the environmental management requirements of enterprises but also provides valuable insights for similar wastewater treatment projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MembranesPub Date : 2024-12-08DOI: 10.3390/membranes14120264
Nthabiseng Ramanamane, Mothibeli Pita, Baonhe Sob
{"title":"Advanced Low-Cost Natural Materials for High-Performance Oil-Water Filtration Membranes: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Directions.","authors":"Nthabiseng Ramanamane, Mothibeli Pita, Baonhe Sob","doi":"10.3390/membranes14120264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes14120264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of affordable ceramic membranes is essential for reducing expenses and optimizing the treatment of oily wastewater. There is an urgent demand for membranes that are not only affordable and easy to operate but also stable and capable of managing high fluxes to address the increasing volumes of oily wastewater. The significant production demands associated with many commercially available ceramic membranes, primarily due to the use of specialised raw materials and intricate processing methods, limiting their suitability for many wastewater treatment applications. Consequently, there is a rising interest in creating innovative ceramic membranes using affordable materials and simpler production techniques. This study reviewed the oil-water ceramic membranes utilizing affordable natural ceramic materials aimed at improving membrane performance. It focused on reviewing the environmentally friendly and economically viable membranes derived from natural ceramic resources as an alternative to conventional synthetic membranes. These natural ceramic materials possess crucial properties like hydrophilicity and oleophobicity, which are vital for effective oil-water separation. The ceramic membranes were reviewed for their filtration performance and advantages. It was reported that these natural ceramic material-based membranes demonstrate superior separation efficiency, and strong mechanical stability, making them promising candidates for sustainable water treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}