Membranes最新文献

{"title":"A Robust Numerical Framework for Hollow-Fiber Membrane Module Simulation and Solver Performance Analysis.","authors":"Diego Queiroz Faria de Menezes, Marília Caroline Cavalcante de Sá, Nayher Andres Clavijo Vallejo, Thainá Menezes de Melo, Luiz Felipe de Oliveira Campos, Thiago Koichi Anzai, José Carlos Costa da Silva Pinto","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robust numerical frameworks are essential for the simulation, design, monitoring, and control of membrane-based separation units, particularly under highly nonlinear and industrially relevant operating conditions. In this context, a comprehensive phenomenological and numerical framework is proposed for the simulation of hollow-fiber membrane modules, incorporating coupled mass, momentum (through pressure drop), and energy transport equations. The governing equations are discretized using a rigorous orthogonal collocation formulation, and the performances of two numerical solution strategies are systematically investigated for the first time to allow the in-line and real-time implementation of the model: a steady-state approach based on the Newton-Raphson method with careful treatment of initial estimates, and a pseudotransient formulation. Particularly, an original and consistent numerical treatment is introduced for the energy balance at boundaries where the permeate flow vanishes, enabling the stable incorporation of thermal effects and Joule-Thomson phenomena. The results clearly show that the steady-state Newton-Raphson approach provides the best overall performance in terms of computational efficiency, numerical robustness, and accuracy when physically consistent initial profiles are employed. In particular, the combination of a linear initial guess and a numerical mesh constituted of four collocation points yielded the most favorable balance between convergence speed, numerical robustness, and accuracy for the base-case sensitivity analysis. For monitoring-oriented applications, the numerical choice should be weighted primarily toward computational performance once physical consistency and convergence criteria are satisfied, rather than toward maximum mesh-refinement accuracy. In this context, small differences in internal-fiber profiles can be compensated through real-time permeance estimation and are negligible when compared with measurement uncertainty in real industrial processes. Under extreme operating conditions involving low concentrations, low flow rates, and highly permeable species, the pseudotransient formulation proved to be a reliable auxiliary strategy, enabling robust convergence when suitable initial guesses were not readily available. The proposed framework is validated against experimental data from the literature and subjected to extensive convergence and sensitivity analyses, providing a reliable basis for simulation and for assessing computational feasibility in in-line and real-time monitoring-oriented applications. A full demonstration of digital-twin integration, online parameter updating, reduced-order coupling, and closed-loop control is beyond the scope of the present study and will be addressed in future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport and Separation Characteristics of PVDF-Based Nanocomposite Membranes in Membrane Distillation.","authors":"Syed Farzan Ali Shah, Naif A Darwish, Nabil Abdel Jabbar, Sameer Al-Asheh, Muhammad Qasim, Farouq S Mjalli","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water scarcity has increased the need for efficient treatment technologies such as membrane distillation (MD). PMD performance depends strongly on membrane fabrication parameters, particularly polymer concentration and nanoparticle incorporation, which control key transport and separation properties. This study considers fabrication of membranes using different concentrations of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with the incorporation of different types of nanoparticles to determine the optimum membrane formulation for membrane distillation applications. The results demonstrate that both PVDF concentration and nanoparticle type play a critical role in membrane performance in terms of permeate flux and salt rejection. Among the nanoparticles studied in this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) exhibited the most significant enhancement, leading to a substantial increase in water vapor flux while maintaining excellent separation efficiency. The optimized CNT incorporated membrane achieved approximately 99% salt rejection, with superior flux performance, indicating its strong potential for high-efficiency desalination and water treatment using membrane distillation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of Contaminants of Emerging Concern from Wastewater Using Photocatalytic Membranes: Current Status and Challenges.","authors":"Nelson Kipchumba, Innocentia G Mkhize, Benton Otieno, Hilary L Rutto, Seteno K Ntwampe","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing presence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in surface and groundwater is a global concern due to their toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation, which lead to undesired effects. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are unable to remove these CECs, necessitating advanced treatment strategies to remove them effectively. Among advanced strategies, photocatalytic membrane treatment has attracted considerable interest among researchers. This review critically examines the fundamental principles governing the performance of photocatalytic membranes. It identifies significant challenges, including photocatalyst leaching, light accessibility, intermediates' toxicity, and scalability of synthesis and immobilisation techniques. It explains why these factors significantly hinder long-term stability, scalability, and practical deployment of photocatalytic membrane systems and provides potential solutions. Through gap analysis, the review has identified rigorous techno-economic analysis, real-world wastewater validation, and systematic toxicity assessment of degradation intermediates as areas of further study. These targeted actions provide clear pathways to enhance the viability, safety, and commercial readiness of photocatalytic membrane systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membranes and Membrane Reactors for Gas Purification and Production: Towards More Sustainable Processes.","authors":"Pasquale Francesco Zito","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of membranes for gas purification and production is becoming increasingly common as a valid alternative to the conventional technologies (i [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of a Novel Nanofiltration Membrane and Study of Its Process for Removing Divalent Ions from Xinjiang Oilfield Wastewater.","authors":"Zongneng Zheng, Di Liu, Jiahang Wan, Jianping Li, Kun Zhang, Yanxin Li, Haiyi Yang, Junwei Hou","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The produced water from the No. 1 Oil Production Plant of Xinjiang Oilfield is rich in divalent ions, including Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄^2-, leading to extremely high scaling tendency that fails to meet the reinjection standard. Therefore, highly efficient water softening technology is urgently required for such wastewater treatment. In this study, a novel negatively charged nanofiltration (NF) membrane was fabricated via interfacial polymerization using 2-carboxypiperazine and trimesoyl chloride as monomers. The membrane was systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and its rejection performance was investigated under various conditions. Results show that the maximum rejection rates of the NF membrane reached 99% for SO₄^2-, 81% for Ca²⁺, and 94% for Mg²⁺, respectively. With increasing ion concentration, the removal efficiencies of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ decreased, while that of SO₄^2- increased slightly. Higher operating pressure significantly enhanced both ion removal and membrane flux, which was mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of Donnan electrostatic exclusion, membrane surface adsorption, and mass transfer resistance. When applied to treat real produced water from the No. 1 Oil Production Plant, the membrane achieved 100% removal of SO₄^2-, and 91% and 95% removal of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, respectively. The scaling tendency of the treated effluent was completely eliminated. This work provides theoretical and technical support for the engineering application of nanofiltration technology in oilfield wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Configurations for Low- and High-Fouling Feedwaters: A Techno-Economic Review of FilmTec Membranes Performance.","authors":"Antonio Casañas Gonzalez, Federico Antonio Leon Zerpa, Alejandro Ramos Martin","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work presents the most recent advancements and operational experiences obtained with the large-active-area, high-rejection FilmTec™ SW30HR-380 and SW30HR-320 reverse osmosis membrane elements, with particular focus on their techno-economic implications, especially regarding energy demand and potential operational cost reductions. The study also examines fouling prevalence and reviews the latest developments in technical mitigation strategies, with emphasis on the new wide-spacer SW30HR-320 elements designed for open-intake applications. Overall, the findings indicate that these new membrane products constitute an effective option for the design of seawater reverse osmosis systems treating both clean and fouling-prone feedwaters. The techno-economic evaluation demonstrates that the adoption of these elements can enable reductions of approximately 20% in capital expenditures, up to 25% in energy consumption, and up to 4% in cleaning-related costs-including downtime-when the SW30HR-320 is operated under high-fouling feedwater conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid PANI/UiO-66 Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes with Enhanced Affinity for Heavy-Metal Removal from Drinking Water.","authors":"Zahid Ali, Sana Javed, Tuba Ul Haq, Muhammad Shahid, Noaman Ul Haq, Asim Laeeq Khan","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal contamination of drinking water remains a persistent global challenge, exacerbated by salinity, industrial discharge, and the limitations of existing membrane technologies that are constrained by permeability-selectivity trade-offs. In this study, we develop a hybrid thin film nanocomposite (TFN) forward osmosis (FO) membrane by incorporating a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (UiO-66) and its conductive polymer-functionalized analogue (PANI@UiO-66) into the polyamide active layer via interfacial polymerization. The incorporation of UiO-66 enhances water transport through the introduction of hydrophilic microporous domains, while the polyaniline coating modulates nanoscale transport pathways and interfacial interactions. Systematic variation in filler type and loading reveals distinct functional roles of the two fillers. Membranes incorporating bare UiO-66 exhibit increased water flux, attributed to facilitated transport through MOF-derived nanochannels, but show a moderate increase in reverse solute flux. In contrast, PANI@UiO-66 incorporation results in reduced water flux but significantly suppresses reverse solute flux and enhances chromium rejection, indicating improved control over selective transport. At an optimal loading of 0.15 wt% (TFN-PU3), the membrane demonstrates an improved balance between water permeability and solute selectivity compared to the pristine thin film composite (TFC) membrane under FO conditions. The observed performance is attributed to the combined effects of modified transport pathways and interfacial interactions introduced by the hybrid filler system. The results highlight the potential of conductive polymer-MOF hybridization as a strategy for tuning membrane performance. This work provides a practical framework for designing TFN membranes for selective heavy-metal removal in saline and complex water environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Cleanability of ZnO-Decorated Ceramic Membranes for Rhodamine B Removal.","authors":"Yassine Khmiri, Feryelle Aouay, Afef Attia, Hajer Aloulou, Lasâad Dammak, Catia Algieri, Raja Ben Amar","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread presence of stable and hazardous organic contaminants, such as synthetic dyes, in industrial effluents necessitates the development of resilient treatment strategies capable of achieving efficient degradation and decolorization of dye pollutants. Conventional treatment processes often fail to remove such recalcitrant compounds, prompting growing interest in integrated advanced systems. Photocatalytic membranes represent a promising solution due to the synergistic combination of physical separation and catalytic degradation. In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited by spin coating onto smectite-zeolite ceramic membranes (MS10/Z90), applying one (M1), two (M2), and three (M3) successive coating layers to control catalyst thickness. SEM analysis confirmed that increasing the number of layers resulted in a thicker and more homogeneous ZnO coating, while XRD revealed enhanced crystallinity and larger crystallite size. Water permeability decreased progressively from 623 L·h^-1·m^-2·bar^-1 for the uncoated membrane to 506, 439, and 350 L·h^-1·m^-2·bar^-1 for M1, M2, and M3, respectively. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated using Rhodamine B (RhB) (10 mg·L^-1) under UV irradiation (365 nm, 18 W) for 180 min, achieving degradation efficiencies of 83.0%, 94.6%, and 99.1% for M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The degradation kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, with rate constants increasing with catalyst layer thickness. Free radical scavenging assays confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (•OH) were the primary reactive species responsible for RhB degradation. These findings highlight the critical influence of ZnO layer thickness and mass transfer on photocatalytic performance, demonstrating the potential of ZnO-coated ceramic membranes for efficient pollutant degradation and in situ photocatalytic regeneration. Permeability measurements after photocatalytic treatment confirmed effective flux recovery, supporting the operational durability of the developed membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene-Based Membranes for Selective Ion Separation.","authors":"Zhiyan Zeng, Lixin Song, Li Ding, Haihui Wang","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two-dimensional (2D) MXene membranes have emerged as a focal platform for ionic separations owing to their exceptional mechanical flexibility, intrinsic hydrophilicity, abundant surface terminations, and high electrical conductivity. This review summarizes recent advances in MXene-based membranes, with an emphasis on structural engineering strategies and their translation to ion-separation applications. We first outline representative fabrication routes for MXene membranes. We then discuss how separation mechanisms can be understood and deliberately tuned across four key scenarios: monovalent/monovalent ion separations, monovalent/multivalent ion separations, anion/cation separations, and heavy-metal ion separations. Finally, we highlight outstanding challenges and future opportunities, aiming to provide actionable guidance for the rational design and scalable manufacturing of high-performance MXene membranes for ionic separations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13117194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative Dry Reforming of Methane in a Reactor with a Porous Membrane Catalyst.","authors":"Mikhail Tarasenko, Andrey Makarov, Mark Neshin, Valery Skudin, Roman Kozlovskiy, Maria Myachina, Natalia Gavrilova","doi":"10.3390/membranes16040145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes16040145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative dry reforming of methane (ODRM) in a membrane reactor can become the basis for creating an energy-efficient process for converting greenhouse gases into a sought-after chemical raw material for gas chemistry. The process was carried out in a distribution mode in a reactor with a membrane porous catalyst (MPC) at a temperature of 850 °C. The reagents CH₄ and CO₂ were supplied to the MPC through a volume of retentate, and O₂ mixed with N₂ through a volume of permeate. The mixture of reaction products was removed from the shell side. In the experiment, the effect of the O₂/CO₂ ratio on the conversion of CH₄, CO₂ and O₂, as well as on the thermal effect of the process, was established. When oxygen enters the reactor during dry reforming of methane (DRM), the temperature inversion in the volumes of retentate and permeate occurs, as well as a decrease in electricity consumption in the resistor furnace. The observed effects of the ODRM process in MPC were interpreted using the hypothesis of active mass transfer occurring in pore channels. It is assumed that part of the carbon deposits in MPC will be gasified by oxygen.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13118176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147775107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}