Membranes最新文献

{"title":"Electrospun Graphene Oxide/Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) Composite Nanofiber Membranes for High Performance.","authors":"Enling Tian, Yinping Bi, Yiwei Ren","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050145","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to its distinctive two-dimensional structure and high specific surface area, graphene oxide (GO) is expected to be a very promising material to be used for membrane separation. Not only can it improve the mechanical strength, surface wettability, and thermal stability of the membrane, but it can also improve the filtration performance and shelf life of the polymer membrane. Graphene oxide/poly(meta-phenylene isophthalamide) (GO/PMIA) nanofiber membranes were prepared by means of an electrospinning technique. The effects of adding different amounts of GO on the PMIA nanofiber membranes were studied. The results indicated that the GO had a strong affinity with the PMIA matrix by forming hydrogen bonds. The composite nanofiber membranes exhibited better filtration and thermostability performance than those of the pristine membrane. As the loading amount of GO was 1.0 wt%, the air filtration efficiency of the composite nanofiber membrane was 97.79%, the pressure drop was 85.45 Pa and the glass transition temperature was 299.8 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer Inclusion Membranes Based on Sulfonic Acid Derivatives as Ion Carriers for Selective Separation of Pb(II) Ions.","authors":"Cezary Kozlowski, Iwona Zawierucha","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050146","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) were created using poly(vinyl chloride)-based alkyl sulfonic acid derivatives as ion carriers and dioctyl terephthalate as a plasticizer for the selective separation of Pb(II), Cu(II), and Cd(II) ions from aqueous nitrate solutions. The ion carriers were dinonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (DNNSA) and nonylbenzenesulfonic acid (NBSA). The influence of the carrier and the plasticizer concentration in the membrane on the transport efficiency was investigated. For the PIM system, 15% wt. of carrier (DNNSA, NBSA), 20% wt. of plasticizer, and 65% wt. of polymer poly(vinyl chloride) PVC were the optimal proportions, with which the process was the most effective. Research on the transport kinetics has shown that the transport of Pb(II) ions through PIMs containing acidic carriers adheres to a first-order kinetics equation, which is characteristic of a facilitated transport mechanism. The activation parameter for these processes suggests that the high performance of these ion carriers is associated with the immobilization of the carrier within the membrane. It was found that PIMs based on DNNSA facilitate the selective separation of Pb(II)/Cu(II) and Pb(II)/Cd(II) mixtures, achieving high separation factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis of DCMD Modules Enhanced with 3D-Printed Turbulence Promoters of Various Hydraulic Diameters.","authors":"Chii-Dong Ho, Ming-Shen Chiang, Choon Aun Ng","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050144","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Theoretical and experimental investigations were conducted to predict permeate flux in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) modules equipped with turbulence promoters. These DCMD modules operate at moderate temperatures (45 °C to 60 °C) using a hot saline feed stream while maintaining a constant temperature for the cold inlet stream. The temperature difference between the two streams creates a gradient across the membrane surfaces, leading to thermal energy dissipation due to temperature polarization effects. To address this challenge, 3D-printed turbulence promoters were incorporated into the DCMD modules. Acting as eddy promoters, these structures aim to reduce the temperature polarization effect, thereby enhancing permeate flux and improving pure water productivity. Various designs of promoter-filled channels-with differing array configurations and geometric shapes-were implemented to optimize flow characteristics and further mitigate polarization effects. Theoretical predictions were validated against experimental results across a range of process parameters, including inlet temperatures, volumetric flow rates, hydraulic diameters, and flow configurations, with deviations within 10%. The DCMD module with the inserted 3D-printed turbulence promoters in the flow channel could provide a relative permeate flux enhancement up to 91.73% under the descending diamond-type module in comparison with the module of using the no-promoter-filled channel. The modeling equations demonstrated technical feasibility, particularly with the use of both descending and ascending hydraulic diameters of 3D-printed turbulence promoters inserted into the saline feed stream, as compared to a module using an empty channel.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-Ray Crystal and Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structure Analysis Unravels How the Unique Thylakoid Lipid Composition Is Utilized by Cytochrome <i>b</i>₆<i>f</i> for Driving Reversible Proteins' Reorganization During State Transitions.","authors":"Radka Vladkova","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050143","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid regulatory mechanism of light-induced state transitions (STs) in oxygenic photosynthesis is particularly appealing for membrane-based applications. This interest stems from the unique ability of the thylakoid membrane protein cytochrome <i>b</i>₆<i>f</i> (cyt<i>b</i>₆<i>f</i>) to increase or decrease its hydrophobic thickness (d_P) in parallel with the reduction or oxidation of the PQ pool induced by changes in light quality. This property appears to be the long-sought biophysical driver behind the reorganizations of membrane proteins during STs. This study decisively advances the hydrophobic mismatch (HMM) model for cyt<i>b</i>₆<i>f</i>-driven STs by thoroughly analyzing thirteen X-ray crystal and eight cryo-electron microscopy cyt<i>b</i>₆<i>f</i> structures. It uncovers the lipid nanoenvironments that cyt<i>b</i>₆<i>f</i>, with different hydrophobic thicknesses, selectively attracts. Under optimal, stationary conditions for photosynthesis in low light, when there is hydrophobic matching between the hydrophobic thicknesses of cyt<i>b</i>₆<i>f</i> d_P and that of the bulk thylakoid lipid phase d_L, d_P = d_L, cyt<i>b</i>₆<i>f</i> predominantly binds to anionic lipids-several phosphatidylglycerol (PG) molecules and one sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) molecule. Upon the induction of the transition to State 2, when d_P increases and induces a positive HMM (d_P > d_L), the neutral, non-bilayer-forming lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) replaces some of the bound PGs. Upon the induction of the transition to State 1, when d_P decreases and induces a negative HMM (d_P < d_L), PGs and SQDG detach from their binding sites, and two neutral, bilayer-forming lipids such as digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) occupy two sites. Additionally, this research uncovers two lipid-mediated signaling pathways from Chl<i>a</i> to the center of flexibility, the Phe/Tyr124<i>^fg</i>^-loop-suIV residue-one of which involves β-carotene. This study identifies two novel types of lipid raft-like nanodomains that are devoid of typical components, such as sphingomyelin and cholesterol. These findings firmly validate the HMM model and underscore the STs as the first recognized functional process that fully utilizes the unique and evolutionarily conserved composition of just four thylakoid lipid classes. This research contributes to our understanding of membrane dynamics in general and STs in particular. It introduces a novel and simple approach for reversible protein reorganization driven purely by biophysical mechanisms, with promising implications for various membrane-based applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Application of a Novel Ultrafiltration Membrane for Efficient Removal of Dibutyl Phthalate from Wastewater.","authors":"Qiang Zhou, Meiling Chen, Yushan Jiang, Linnan Zhang, Yanhong Wang","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050142","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study successfully developed a novel molecularly imprinted ultrafiltration membrane (MIUM) for energy-efficient and selective removal of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) from wastewater. Guided by Gaussian simulations, methacrylic acid (MAA) was identified as the optimal functional monomer, achieving the strongest binding energy (ΔE = -0.0698 a.u.) with DBP at a 1:6 molar ratio, providing a foundation for precise cavity construction. DBP-imprinted polymers (MIPs) synthesized via bulk polymerization were integrated into polysulfone membranes through phase inversion. The optimized MIUM (81.27% polymer content) exhibited exceptional performance under low-pressure operation (0.2 MPa), with a water flux of 111.49 L·m²·h^-1 and 92.87% DBP rejection, representing a 43% energy saving compared to conventional nanofiber membranes requiring 0.4 MPa. Structural characterization confirmed synergistic effects between imprinted cavities and membrane transport properties as the key mechanism for efficient separation. Notably, MIUM demonstrated remarkable selectivity, achieving 91.57% retention for DBP while showing limited affinity for structurally analogous phthalates (e.g., diethyl/diisononyl phthalates). The membrane maintained > 70% retention after 10 elution cycles, highlighting robust reusability. These findings establish a paradigm for molecular simulation-guided design of selective membranes, offering an innovative solution for low-energy removal of endocrine disruptors. The work advances wastewater treatment technologies by balancing high permeability, targeted pollutant removal, and operational sustainability, with direct implications for mitigating environmental risks and improving water quality management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Separation and Characterization of Heterogeneity Among Various Sizes of Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from the Probiotic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917.","authors":"Ning Li, Hongbo Xin, Keyu Deng","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050141","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are extracellular vesicles secreted by Gram-negative bacteria with diameters of 20-250 nm. OMVs contain various biologically active substances from their parent bacteria, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a Gram-negative probiotic that resides in the human intestine. EcN-derived OMVs are pivotal in modulating intestinal immune responses. However, few studies have addressed the heterogeneity of EcN-derived OMVs in terms of size, significantly limiting the research on their clinical applications. Currently, there are a lack of feasible methods for obtaining EcN-derived OMVs of different sizes. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a membrane filtration method to isolate EcN-derived OMVs of varying sizes. In this study, we first used gradient filtration to isolate high-purity EcN-derived OMVs and conducted a proteomic analysis. Subsequently, we used membrane filtration to separate the EcN-derived OMVs by size. We successfully obtained EcN-derived OMVs of three specific sizes: <50 nm, 50-100 nm, and 100-300 nm. We then performed proteomic analyses of these EcN-derived OMVs and compared their protein profiles. Finally, we compared the ability of each EcN-derived OMV type to induce RAW264.7 macrophages to secrete the pro-inflammatory factor interleukin (IL)-1β and the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. The EcN-derived OMVs contained 646 different proteins overall; those of different sizes contained different protein types. Among them, the EcN-derived OMVs in the <50 nm group contained significantly fewer proteins (262 different types in total) than those in the 50-100 nm (1603 types) and 100-300 nm (1568 types) groups. Furthermore, the <50 nm group had fewer membrane proteins (40) than the 50-100 nm (215) and 100-300 nm (209) groups. We also found that RAW264.7 macrophages secreted different concentrations of IL-1β and IL-10 following co-incubation with the three EcN-derived OMV types. The 50-100 nm EcN-derived OMV group showed a stronger effect in terms of inducing inflammatory cytokine secretion compared to the other two groups. This study provides direct experimental evidence that EcN-derived OMVs of different sizes exhibit heterogeneous properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membrane Technology for Valuable Resource Recovery from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME): A Review.","authors":"Que Nguyen Ho, Woei Jye Lau, Juhana Jaafar, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Naoko Yoshida","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050138","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palm oil mill effluent (POME), a byproduct of palm oil processing, has substantial resource recovery potential. Its rich biodegradable content supports methane (CH₄) production via anaerobic digestion, enabling renewable energy generation. Additionally, the significant water content of POME can be reclaimed for use in boiler feed, irrigation, and drinking water. However, selecting appropriate technologies to recover valuable resources from POME is challenging, particularly for the purification and upgrading of biogas. Membrane technologies offer an effective approach for transforming POME treatment from an energy-intensive process into a resource recovery system, supporting the decarbonization of palm oil production and advancing global sustainability objectives. This technique is cost-effective and ecofriendly for biogas purification and water reclamation. For biogas purification and upgrading, membrane systems offer the lowest capital and operational costs at 5.654 USD/m³, compared to other technologies, such as 6.249 USD/m³ for water scrubbers and 6.999 USD/m³ for chemical absorbers. This review primarily explores the potential of membranes for gas purification from POME and examines their integration with other processes to develop advanced systems, such as ultrasonicated membrane anaerobic systems and membrane anaerobic systems, to enhance biogas production. In addition, water reclamation from POME is discussed, with ultrafiltration membranes emerging as the most promising candidates. Proton exchange membranes, such as Nafion, are used extensively in microbial fuel cells to improve electricity generation, and this is also summarized. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are highlighted, emphasizing the broader potential of membrane technology in POME wastewater resource recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Microfiltration Membrane Configuration in Microplastics Recovery from Wastewater Treatment Effluent.","authors":"Rubén Rodríguez-Alegre, Sergi Durán-Videra, Laura Pérez Megías, Montserrat Pérez-Moya, Julia García-Montaño, Carlos Andecochea Saiz, Xialei You","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050137","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water scarcity has driven the use of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents as reclaimed water, highlighting the need to overcome challenges such as the presence of emerging contaminants, particularly microplastics (MPs), which WWTPs are unable to effectively remove. Membrane-based processes, such as microfiltration, have demonstrated high efficiency in the removal of suspended solids, and their application for MP removal is currently under investigation. This study assesses the influence of microfiltration membrane spacer size (1 mil and 80 mil) and geometry-diamond and corrugated-on MP recovery performance, using synthetic wastewaters with varying MPs concentrations. The results indicate the superior performance of large corrugated and small diamond-shaped membranes, as both exhibited the highest and comparable permeate flux, with no MP retention within the membrane element. All microfiltration membranes achieved an 80% recovery of the influent as safe reclaimed water and demonstrated an MP recovery efficiency exceeding 99%, with 100% rejection for fragments and up to 98% rejection for fibres.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Membrane Process in Wine and Beer Industry.","authors":"Yogesh Kumar, Atul Khalangre, Rajat Suhag, Alfredo Cassano","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050140","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes are traditionally employed in wine and beer production for concentration, clarification, and stabilization. Their applications now extend to dealcoholization, addressing rising demand for low-alcohol beverages. RO/NF selectively reduce ethanol while retaining volatile aromas and non-volatile flavors, outperforming thermal methods that degrade sensory profiles. This review examines RO/NF roles in alcohol adjustment, sugar modification, and by-product recovery, emphasizing mechanisms and efficiency. Operational challenges such as membrane fouling (polysaccharides, polyphenols), selectivity-permeation flux trade-offs, and energy costs are assessed. By balancing tradition with innovation, RO/NF technologies offer transformative potential for meeting health and sustainability goals in beverage industries. However, gaps in standardization, sensory consistency, and cost-effectiveness necessitate targeted research to optimize industrial adoption and consumer acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144150913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toluidine Blue for the Determination of Binding of Anionic Polysaccharides to Lipid Raft Domains by Absorption Spectroscopy.","authors":"Sandra Gębczyńska, Julia Gdowska, Agata Mikos, Iga Gawrońska, Teresa Janas, Aleksander Czogalla, Tadeusz Janas","doi":"10.3390/membranes15050139","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15050139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complexes of negatively charged polysaccharides with lipid vesicles have been shown to have applications in medicine, bioremediation, water purification, and construction of nano-biosensors. This article presents research on the formation of these complexes based on the interactions between three types of liposomes, DOPC liposomes (which contain a lipid bilayer in the liquid-disordered (Ld) state), RAFT liposomes (which contain liquid-ordered (Lo) lipid raft domains surrounded by lipids in the Ld state) and SPH-CHL liposomes (which contain a lipid bilayer in the Lo state), and two selected anionic polysaccharides, polysialic acid (PSA) and polygalacturonic acid (PGA). The analysis was conducted using a toluidine blue (TB) probe and the absorption spectroscopy technique. In contrast to DOPC and SPH-CHL liposomes, binding of negatively charged PSA or PGA chains to RAFT liposomes induced a TB absorption maximum shift from 630 nm to 560 nm. The obtained results indicate that toluidine blue can be applied for monitoring the formation of these nano-complexes, and that the boundaries between Ld/Lo domains within membranes in RAFT liposomes can significantly enhance the binding affinity of negatively charged polysaccharides to the lipid bilayer surface. The observed metachromatic shift in TB absorption suggests that negatively charged PSA and PGA chains interact with the Ld/Lo boundaries within RAFT liposome membranes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12112939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}