Membranes最新文献_第3页

Modelling Gas Transport in Multiphasic Materials: Application to Semicrystalline Membranes.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030076

Lorenzo Merlonghi, Marco Giacinti Baschetti, Maria Grazia De Angelis

{"title":"Modelling Gas Transport in Multiphasic Materials: Application to Semicrystalline Membranes.","authors":"Lorenzo Merlonghi, Marco Giacinti Baschetti, Maria Grazia De Angelis","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030076","url":null,"abstract":"The description of gas permeation across heterogeneous materials has been studied with many methods, mainly focusing on composites with high aspect ratios and low filler volume fractions. In the present work, the extension of these approaches to semicrystalline polymers is studied, considering a wide range of crystalline volume fractions to tackle applications ranging from membranes to barrier materials. A numerical approach focused on tortuosity effects related to the presence of impermeable crystalline domains was considered. Algorithms based on random sequential adsorption and Voronoi tessellation were used to reproduce the morphology of semicrystalline polymers. The flux reduction across the microstructures generated due to the presence of impermeable crystals was calculated by solving local mass balance through a finite volume method. Using this strategy, it was possible to investigate the effect of crystallites' arrangement, size distribution, orientation and shape on the relative permeability and the tortuosity of semicrystalline membranes. The results were analyzed considering existing macroscopic models and new analytical equations were proposed in order to account on such morphological effects for the prediction of the tortuosity in semicrystalline polymers.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Biphasic Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on Membrane Potential.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030074

Maria E Hadjisavva, Robin L Cooper

引用次数: 0

Surfactant-Enhanced Cleaning Solutions for Ceramic Membranes: A Comparative Study on Humic Acid and BSA Fouling.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-03-02 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030073

Navneet Kallapalli, Onita D Basu

{"title":"Surfactant-Enhanced Cleaning Solutions for Ceramic Membranes: A Comparative Study on Humic Acid and BSA Fouling.","authors":"Navneet Kallapalli, Onita D Basu","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030073","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030073","url":null,"abstract":"Control of natural organic matter (NOM) reversible and irreversible fouling with ceramic membranes for drinking water applications with chemically enhanced backwash (CEB) protocols is limited. This research examines the efficiency of various chemical combinations with non-ionic surfactants to control the NOM fouling caused by humic acid (HA) and protein foulants. Two commercially available non-ionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Triton X100, combined with conventional cleaning solutions, were analyzed with respect to membrane fouling and cleaning using the resistance in series (RIS) model, membrane permeability, carbon mass balance, and contact angle measurements. The results demonstrated that in all cases, CEB outperformed hydraulic backwashing; in addition, the inclusion of surfactants demonstrated enhanced the fouling control with protein foulants more than humic acid. The transmembrane pressure (TMP) with surfactant CEB was controlled to within a range of 83-105 kPa compared to hydraulic backwash at approx. 128 kPa for HA and BSA. The carbon mass balance analysis indicates that Tween 80 surfactant-based CEB demonstrated effective fouling control, leaving only 20% irreversible fouling with HA and 30% with BSA while the hydraulic backwash resulted in 57% irreversible fouling of carbon on the membrane for HA and BSA.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and Simulation Study of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with 12 µm Thick Membrane over the Temperature Range of 80 °C to 120 °C.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030072

Yunfei Zhang, Zhengrui Xiao, Xiaoyang Zhao, Jian Wang, Yadong Wang, Jun Yu

{"title":"Experimental and Simulation Study of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with 12 µm Thick Membrane over the Temperature Range of 80 °C to 120 °C.","authors":"Yunfei Zhang, Zhengrui Xiao, Xiaoyang Zhao, Jian Wang, Yadong Wang, Jun Yu","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030072","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements have been made in understanding the mechanisms and perspectives of fuel cells operating at elevated temperatures. However, the changes in electrochemical processes within the membrane electrode assembly remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the performance variation laws of membrane electrode assemblies composed of Gore12 during operation at an increasing temperature ranging from 80 to 120 °C, utilizing overpotential decomposition and electrochemical impedance analysis. The experimental results indicate that increasing back pressure can improve the performance of fuel cells, particularly at higher temperatures. The charge transfer resistance initially decreases and then increases with temperature. Furthermore, combined with the simulation results, it is demonstrated that Gore12's thin membrane structure provides excellent self-humidification, which ensures efficient proton conduction at low relative humidity. These findings offer new insights into improving the performance of PEMFCs and enabling stable operation at high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gas and Steam Permeation Properties of Cation-Exchanged ZSM-5 Membrane.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030070

Yuichiro Hirota, Masaki Nakai, Kasumi Tani, Koya Sakane, Ayumi Ikeda, Yasuhisa Hasegawa, Sadao Araki

{"title":"Gas and Steam Permeation Properties of Cation-Exchanged ZSM-5 Membrane.","authors":"Yuichiro Hirota, Masaki Nakai, Kasumi Tani, Koya Sakane, Ayumi Ikeda, Yasuhisa Hasegawa, Sadao Araki","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030070","url":null,"abstract":"NaZSM-5 powder and membranes were hydrothermally prepared. Their (1) steam (H2O) adsorption properties and (2) the permeation and separation of gas and H2O were evaluated before and after the cation exchange of Na+ to K+ or Cs+. The quantity of adsorbed H2O decreased as the size of the cation increased, indicating that the micropore volume and effective pore size of ZSM-5 decreased after cation exchange. The H2 and N2 permeances after cation exchange were less than 5% of the values before cation exchange, indicating a significant reduction in gas permeability. In contrast, the reduction of the H2O permeance values of the ZSM-5 membranes before and after K+ or Cs+ exchange was lower than that of H2, resulting in improved H2O/H2 separation performance. Compared with the NaZSM-5 membrane, the K+- or Cs+-exchanged ZSM-5 membranes exhibited superior H2O permselectivity, particularly at dilute H2O concentrations (<1 vol%).","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacterial Contamination of Ultrafiltration Installation Applied to Carwash Wastewater Treatment.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030071

Piotr Woźniak, Marek Gryta

{"title":"Bacterial Contamination of Ultrafiltration Installation Applied to Carwash Wastewater Treatment.","authors":"Piotr Woźniak, Marek Gryta","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030071","url":null,"abstract":"An ultrafiltration (UF) installation was used to separate the actual wastewater from a car wash. Following these studies, the plant was washed several times; however, severe membrane fouling was observed during the filtration of sterile deionised (DI) water. As a result, the permeate flux decreased by more than 50% after 5 h of the UF process. The source of the fouling was the release of deposits, particularly bacteria, from the surfaces of plant elements such as pipes and pumps. The paper presents the effectiveness of biofilm removal from the surface of the equipment during a cyclically repeated washing process. Chemical washing was carried out using acid solutions and alkaline cleaning solutions containing NaOH (pH = 11.5-12). After installation cleaning, the filtration tests were carried out using DI water as a feed. It was determined how biofouling, which develops under these conditions, reduces permeate flux. Despite 3 h of installation washing, there was a 50% reduction in flux after 10 h of UF. Repeating the installation wash (4 h) resulted in a similar decrease in flux after 4 days of UF. Stabilisation of the flux at a level of 500 LMH was achieved after an additional 5 h of washing, including application of hot (323-333 K) alkaline cleaning solutions. The number of bacteria in the biofilm collected from the surface of the membranes, the pump inlet and the surface of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) hoses forming the pipeline was also investigated. Despite repeated chemical cleaning, the number of bacteria on the pump and hose surfaces was 50-100 CFU/cm2. Studies were carried out to determine which bacterial species survived the chemical cleaning of the installation. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were determined, and taxonomic characteristics of the isolated bacteria were identified.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hybrid Mechanical Vapor Compression and Membrane Distillation System: Concept and Analysis.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030069

Emad Ali, Jamel Orfi, Salim Mokraoui

{"title":"Hybrid Mechanical Vapor Compression and Membrane Distillation System: Concept and Analysis.","authors":"Emad Ali, Jamel Orfi, Salim Mokraoui","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030069","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of integrating mechanical vapor compression (MVC) with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is presented and analyzed. The hybrid system utilizes the DCMD to harvest the thermal energy of the MVC reject brine to preheat a portion of the seawater intake and simultaneously produce additional fresh water. Based on the operating temperature, the hybrid system requires specific energy consumption between 9.6 to 24.3 kWh/m3, which is equivalent to 25 to 37% less than the standalone MVC. Similarly, the freshwater production of the hybrid system can range between 1.03 and 1.1 kg/h, which is equivalent to a 3% and 10% increase relative to the standalone MVC when operating at brine temperatures of 50 and 90 °C, respectively. However, this enhancement is achieved at the expense of an average of 60% larger total surface area. This is partially due to the incorporation of the surface area of the MD modules and mostly to reduced temperature differences. Altering the permeate-to-feed ratio of the DCMD module led to a marginal change in the overall production without any enhancement in the compression power consumption. Increasing the MD module length by 50% resulted in a 3% enlargement in the overall production rate and a 10% reduction in power consumption. A modified hybrid structure that additionally utilizes the distillate heat is sought. A 5% increase in water production at the expense of a 45% rise in the specific compression energy of the modified structure over the original hybrid system is obtained.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Titanium Nitride as an Intermetallic Diffusion Barrier for Hydrogen Permeation in Palladium-Vanadium Composite Membranes.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030068

Cameron M Burst, Chao Li, Douglas Way, Colin A Wolden

{"title":"Titanium Nitride as an Intermetallic Diffusion Barrier for Hydrogen Permeation in Palladium-Vanadium Composite Membranes.","authors":"Cameron M Burst, Chao Li, Douglas Way, Colin A Wolden","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030068","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen purification is a critical industrial process, and there are ongoing efforts to develop low-cost alternatives to palladium foil membranes. Titanium nitride (TiN) is studied as an interdiffusion barrier to enable hydrogen permeation in composite palladium-vanadium membranes. TiN was deposited via reactive sputtering, and films with the desired (200) orientation were obtained in the metallic regime at 400 °C under a 200 V bias to the substrate. The permeability of thin-film TiN was determined with palladium-based sandwich structures. TiN layers up to 10 nm resulted in a minimal decrease in flux (~20%) relative to a freestanding PdCu foil, which was attributed to the interfacial resistance. At greater thicknesses, the TiN layer was rate-limiting, and it was found that the effective permeability of the sputtered TiN thin films was ~6 × 10-12 mol s-1 m-1 Pa-0.5. Composite Pd|TiN|V|TiN|Pd membranes exhibited permeability values up to three times greater than pure palladium, exhibiting stability at 450 °C for over 100 h, with the lack of intermetallic diffusion and alloy formation being confirmed with XRD. The membranes were unstable at 500 °C, which was attributed to the instability of the thin Pd layer and loss of catalytic activity.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the Separation Properties of Aged PVDF Ultrafiltration Membranes During Long-Term Treatment of Car Wash Wastewater.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030066

Wirginia Tomczak, Marek Gryta, Piotr Woźniak, Monika Daniluk

{"title":"Changes in the Separation Properties of Aged PVDF Ultrafiltration Membranes During Long-Term Treatment of Car Wash Wastewater.","authors":"Wirginia Tomczak, Marek Gryta, Piotr Woźniak, Monika Daniluk","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030066","url":null,"abstract":"Car wash wastewater (CWW) is complex waste that may be effectively treated by the ultrafiltration (UF) process. However, one of the most important challenges in implementing this process on an industrial scale is the fouling phenomenon membrane aging. Indeed, these may lead to a reduction in UF performance possibly associated with a loss in integrity of the fouled/aged membrane. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to provide a comprehensive investigation on the changes in the separation properties of aged FP100 ultrafiltration membranes made of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with respect to their application for long-term treatment of CWW. For this purpose, studies were conducted for new membranes and membranes previously used for over 5 years in a pilot plant. As a feed, solutions of dextran, solutions of model organism Escherichia coli and synthetic CWW were used. It has been found that PVDF membranes demonstrated poor stability when in frequent contact with chemicals periodically applied for membrane cleaning. Indeed, the aged membranes were characterised by the increased porosity. However, it is important to note that membranes aging had no significant impact on the permeate quality during the UF process of synthetic CWW. Indeed, the obtained permeate was characterised by the turbidity lower than 0.25 NTU. Likewise, with regard to the separation of E. coli, the aged PVDF membranes ensured the high process efficiency and over 99.99% bacterial retention. In the interest of the growing potential of PVDF membrane in CWW treatment, the results obtained in the current work complement the findings made in this field.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficiency of an Ultrafiltration Process for the Depollution of Pretreated Olive Mill Wastewater.

IF 3.3 4区工程技术

Membranes Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.3390/membranes15030067

Mohammed Zine, Noureddine Touach, El Mostapha Lotfi, Philippe Moulin

{"title":"Efficiency of an Ultrafiltration Process for the Depollution of Pretreated Olive Mill Wastewater.","authors":"Mohammed Zine, Noureddine Touach, El Mostapha Lotfi, Philippe Moulin","doi":"10.3390/membranes15030067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/membranes15030067","url":null,"abstract":"The depollution of constructed wetland-pretreated olive mill wastewater (OMW) using a membrane filtration system was experimentally studied. Dead-end filtration (DEF) was employed to evaluate suitable MF/UF membranes and select the appropriate molecular weight cut-off for optimal OMW treatment. Removal efficiencies for COD (chemical oxygen demand) and TOC (total organic carbon) using DEF reached maximum values of 88.14% and 11.17%, respectively. Adsorption of raw and pretreated OMW on granular activated carbon was also carried out for a comparative study against DEF and pretreatment. The semi-industrial-scale experiments were conducted using commercial ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membranes (150 and 50 kDa) in cross-flow filtration (CFF) mode at a permeate flux around 200 L h-1 m-2 and a trans-membrane pressure (TMP) of 3.5-3.8 bars. This post-treatment had a significant impact on COD removal efficiency from pretreated OMW, reaching 78.5%. The coupled process proposed in this study achieved removal efficiencies of 97%, 97%, and 99.9% of COD, TOC, and turbidity, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18410,"journal":{"name":"Membranes","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0