Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran最新文献

{"title":"Clinical and Neuropsychological Features of Suicide Attempters in Tehran, Iran: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Mozhgan Taban, Vahid Sadeghi-Firoozabadi, Seyed Kazem Malakouti, Negar Bastani, Marzieh Nojomi, Ehsan Rajabi, Nafee Rasouli","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.127","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying suicide risk factors and understanding the variations among different clinical groups can play a crucial role in preventing suicide. The objective of this study is to examine the distinctions in clinical and neuropsychological features among suicidal attempters, who have attempted in the last four weeks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The design of the study was a case-control study. This study consisted of 62 participants who were assigned to the suicide attempters group (SA+MDD), non-suicidal depressed group (MDD), and healthy control group (HC). Clinical and neuropsychological evaluations were conducted for all participants. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normality of distribution. To compare the quantitative variables among the three groups, we employed Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Kruskal-Wallis. Post hoc analysis was conducted using Dunnett's test. A correlation analysis was conducted between clinical and neuropsychological variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that there was no significant difference in neuropsychological functions among the three groups except Scaled Score Similarities (<i>P</i>=0.007). However, there were significant mean differences observed across the SA+MDD and HC groups for BHS (<i>P</i><0.001), SSI (<i>P</i><0.001), RFL (<i>P</i><0.001), BPAQ (<i>P</i>=0.037), Anxiety-springer-1 (<i>P</i><0.001), Anxiety-springer-2 (<i>P</i><0.001), and BDI (<i>P</i><0.001). Specifically, this difference was significant just for SSI (<i>P</i><0.001), and RFL (<i>P</i><0.001) when comparing the SA+MDD and MDD groups. Some significant correlations were seen between clinical and neuropsychological features among suicide attempters. Among neuropsychological features, Motor screening with BIS (<i>P</i><0.001), Gambling test with SIS (<i>P</i>=0.04), Digit span with BPAQ (<i>P</i>=0.04), anxiety-springer-1 (<i>P</i>=0.07), and BDI (<i>P</i>=0.005), arithmetic task with SIS (<i>P</i>=0.004), BPAQ (<i>P</i>=0.004), anxiety-springer-1 (<i>P</i>=0.03), and anxiety-springer-2 (<i>P</i>=0.008), block design task with SIS (<i>P</i>=0.002), and BPAQ (<i>P</i>=0.03), Rapid Visual Information with BIS (<i>P</i>=0.01), anxiety-springer-2 (<i>P</i>=0.04), and BDI (<i>P</i>=0.003), digital symbol task with BIS (<i>P</i>=0.02), and BDI (<i>P</i>=0.008), and the Picture Completion task with BHS (<i>P</i>= 0.04), had more negative/positive correlation with clinical features.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Some clinical features such as hopelessness should be deemed serious among individuals with suicide attempt particularly among those who were discharged recently. neuropsychological findings revealed functional disturbances in the frontal, parietal and temporal areas of the subjects who are at risk of suicide attempt. The findings can inform the design and implementation of suicide prevention programs. Targeted interventions can be developed to address th","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Economic Burden of Cutaneous Leishmaniosis: Report from a Developing Country.","authors":"Mohammad Khajedaluee, Mona Najaf Najafi, MohammadJavad Yazdanpanah, Amirreza Khajedaluee, Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.126","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering the high prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in tropical and subtropical countries and the urgent need for an economic approach to the treatment sector, this study aimed to investigate the economic burden caused by this disease in Northeast Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3558 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis whose data were registered in the disease surveillance system at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. The disease care model was designed from the stage of suspected disease to diagnosis, treatment, treatment/care of disease complications, treatment/care of drug side effects, disease recurrence, and drug resistance. Then, the direct costs were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 7.5 billion Rials (equal to $750,000) have been spent on providing health care services to 3558 patients with leishmaniasis. The per capita cost of diagnosis/treatment of the disease was 1,600,100 Rials (equal to $160), the per capita cost of care/management was 505,902 Rials (equal to $50), and the per capita cost of cutaneous leishmaniasis disease was calculated as 2,106,002 Rials (equals to $210).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Leishmaniosis has a considerable economic burden on society and the healthcare system. Considering that the predisposing factors are avoidable, it is possible to reduce the economic burden by using less expensive and effective solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete Choice Experiment in Evaluating Preferences for Physical Activity: A Mixed-Methods Study of Attributes and Their Levels.","authors":"Mohammad Veisi, Rajabali Daroudi, Ramin Kordi, Ali Akbari Sari","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.125","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Discrete choice experiment (DCE) has become a leading method for evaluating health sector preferences. Despite its common use in evaluating physical activity (PA) preference, there is a lack of consensus on the optimal attribute and level, and this step often lacks rigorous documentation. This study aimed to identify suitable attributes and levels for a PA program for future application in DCE studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a mixed-method approach. Initially, a rapid review was performed using databases and search engines. The findings were then used for a 2-stage semi-structured interview for attribute addition and scoring. Finally, top-scoring attributes were selected, and a small expert panel determined their associated levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our rapid review, from 8144 titles according to search strategy, 10 were selected for data extraction. After content analysis and integration of similar attributes, 12 were identified and 4 more were added from interviews. Using the opinions of the expert panel, the top 5 attributes were selected and a total of 22 levels were determined for these 5 attributes. The selected attributes included monthly cost, companions, distance, PA time, and PA type, with total scores of 150, 149, 147, 144, and 123, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study identified 5 attributes and 22 corresponding levels as effective tools for measuring PA preferences using a DCE approach. As this is a pioneering study, further comprehensive research is recommended for improved outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Mental Health Status and Suicide Ideation of Iranian University Students.","authors":"Mozhgan Taban, Mehrdad Vosoghi, Sara Nooraeen, Marzieh Nojomi, Nasrin Mesbah, Seyed Kazem Malakouti","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.124","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects on societies globally, including significant psychological impacts. This study aims to address the research gap by examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and suicidality among Iranian university students, comparing prepandemic and pandemic data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data collection for this cross-national study involved 2 sections: prepandemic data from 11,515 records of new incoming students in 2019 and postpandemic data from 27,743 records of students studying in 2020. The data were merged, resulting in a total of 10,240 students for analysis. The instrument used was the \"Iranian Mental Health Scale for Students (IMHS). The variables were compared before and during the pandemic using the McNemar and paired t tests. Multiple linear regression models assessed determinants of mental health, while logistic regression examined predictors of suicidal ideation during COVID-19. Risk factors and protective factors on students' mental health and suicidal thoughts during the pandemic were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean mental health score of students during the COVID-19 pandemic was slightly higher than before the pandemic (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The number of suicide attempts among students decreased from 23 before the pandemic to 0 during the pandemic. However, the rate of suicidal ideation increased from 10.2% before the pandemic to 16% during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evaluating the mental health of university students is crucial to identifying potential issues early and providing appropriate interventions. Understanding the effects of the pandemic on this vulnerable population can inform strategies for supporting their well-being during these challenging times.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835409/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Prevalence and Factors Affecting Hypertension in an Iranian Population: Results from the Fasa Cohort Study.","authors":"Seyede Melika Taheri Ghaleno, Abdollah Safari, Reza Homayounfar, Mojtaba Farjam, Mehdi Rezaeian, Fariba Asadi, Fatemeh Masaebi, Masoud Salehi, Maryam Heydarpour Meymeh, Farid Zayeri","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.123","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, hypertension has been one of the most important noncommunicable diseases worldwide. In this context, identifying the predictors of this disease can help health policymakers to reduce its burden. This study aimed to identify some of the most important influential factors of hypertension and present a model to predict this disease in the data from a large sample cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data set included 10,138 people from the baseline phase of the Fasa cohort study during 2014 and 2016. The main outcome under study was having hypertension in the baseline phase of the study according to self-reports or medical examinations. To identify the related factors of hypertension, logistic regression, classification tree, and random forest models were utilized. Statistical analyses were performed in R.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 10,138 people examined, 2819 (27.8%) had hypertension. In the initial screening, 39 variables were regarded as potential indicators of hypertension. After preliminary analysis, 11 variables were recognized as important predictors based on the importance index: history of cardiovascular disease, cardiac disease, waist circumference to height ratio, body mass index, sex, hypertension in a first-degree relative, weight, fatty liver, cardiac disease in a first-degree relative, diabetes in a first-degree relative, and energy intake. The area under the receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting hypertension using logistic regression, classification tree, and random forest models was about 72.8%, 73%, and 87.6%, respectively. Also, the accuracy of these models was 65.2%, 67.4% and 77.8%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, our findings showed that machine learning-based approaches, such as random forest models, outperformed classical methods, such as logistic regression in predicting hypertension. Regarding the rather high prevalence of hypertension in the population under study, there is an urgent need to pay more attention to its indicators for early diagnosis of the patients and reducing the burden of this silent disease in our country.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Diseases among Iranian Hajj Pilgrims from 2012 to 2022: Prevalence, Trends, and Economic Perspective.","authors":"Pirhossein Kolivand, Mohammadrafie Khorgami, Peyman Saberian, Taher Doroudi, Ali Marashi, Masoud Behzadifar, Fereshte Karimi, Soheila Rajaie, Negar Omidi, Behzad Raei, Seyed Jafar Ehsanzadeh, Arash Parvari, Samad Azari","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.122","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a significant cause of mortality and morbidity globally. One of the primary objectives of medical examinations for Hajj pilgrims is disease screening, which is conducted following stringent guidelines to mitigate mortality and disability among the pilgrims. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, patterns, and associated healthcare services of CVDs among pilgrims from 2012 to 2022.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined the prevalence of CVDs among Iranian Hajj pilgrims using pooled cross-sectional data, stratified by age, sex, and provinces. Logistic regression modeling was employed to evaluate the influence of various factors on the likelihood of CVDs among the pilgrims.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study incorporated data from 459,934 Hajj pilgrims. The findings revealed that the mean age of the pilgrims was 55.48 years. The prevalence of CVDs was higher in men (4.25%) compared with women (3.41%), with an overall prevalence of 3.83% among the pilgrims. The peak prevalence was observed in 2018 at 5.18%. The binary logistic regression model indicated that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.067), fasting blood sugar (OR, 1.002), male sex (OR, 0.781), chronic renal failure (OR, 2.262), high blood pressure (OR, 2.742), and diabetes (OR, 1.723) were significantly associated with the probability of having CVDs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study represents the most comprehensive investigation into the prevalence and pattern of CVDs among Iranian pilgrims over the past decade, utilizing data from approximately half a million Iranian pilgrims. The results highlight substantial differences in the prevalence of CVDs by age, sex, and their distribution across different provinces. Consequently, screening, diagnosis, and appropriate management by primary care physicians are crucial to prevent adverse disease outcomes and alleviate the economic burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835398/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Bilastine's Efficacy and Safety in Treating Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria in Iraqi Patients.","authors":"Farah Saleh Abdul-Reda, Mohammed Ah Jabarah Al-Zobaidy","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.121","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many drugs have been found to be effective in treating chronic urticaria, and many others are under investigation. Second-generation antihistamines are the first-line treatment for this condition, as they block peripheral histamine receptors with minimal drowsiness and anticholinergic effects. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the short-term efficacy and safety of bilastine in Iraqi patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted at Dermatology Unit/ AL-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital/ Iraq during the period from January to June 2023. A total of 100 patients, 50 males and 50 females, were enrolled in this study. All these patients were switched over to Bilastine 20 mg/day for one month. The patients were evaluated using the UAS7 scoring system before and one month after bilastine therapy. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, and a paired t-test was used to compare between means. The level of statistical significance was considered at a <i>P</i> value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean UAS7 score before Bilastine treatment was 18.91 ±7.18, which was significantly reduced (<i>P</i> < 0.001) to 2.38 ±0.72 after one month of treatment with bilastine. Also, before Bilastine treatments, 19 patients (19%) had mild symptoms, 24 patients (24%) had moderate symptoms, and 57 patients (57%) had severe symptoms. However, after treatment, 51 patients (51%) became symptom-free and 49 patients (49%) had well-controlled urticaria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Switching over to bilastine 20mg/day resulted in significant improvement in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria who had no/ or poor response to conventional antihistamines.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143449431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Narrative Intervention on Spoken Narrative and Reading Comprehension Abilities in Farsi-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Elham Masoumi, Zahra Soleymani, Yahya Modarresi, Saman Maroufizadeh, Farnaz Mohseni","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show prominent deficits in pragmatic aspects of language such as spoken narrative. Deficits in spoken narrative in school years lead to deficits in reading comprehension. Therefore, this randomized clinical trial research examined the influence of narrative intervention on spoken narrative and reading comprehension abilities in children with ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the current double-blind, randomized clinical trial study, 21 students with ASD from second to seventh grade participated in the study. Two intervention methods were provided three times a week and a total of 24 sessions of 45 minutes. The experimental group received the Supporting Knowledge in Language and Literacy (SKILL) program and the control group received Traditional Language Therapy (TLT). The score of macrostructures, microstructures, perspective-taking index, narrative complexity, Story knowledge index, and reading comprehension score were measured pre and post-intervention. ANCOVA was used for between- within-group comparisons analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The experimental group indicated significant improvement in macrostructure (<i>P</i> < 0.001, η² = 0.614), microstructure (<i>P</i> = 0.012, η² = 0.303), narrative complexity (<i>P</i> < 0.001, η² = 0.585), story knowledge index (<i>P</i> < 0.001, η² = 0.574) and perspective taking index (<i>P</i> < 0.001, η² = 0.553) compared to the control group. However, the difference between the two groups in reading comprehension skills was not significant in post-intervention (<i>P</i> = 0.457, η² = 0.031).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results showed the efficacy of the three stages of the SKILL program compared to TLT in spoken narrative. Also, the results of the study showed that the SKILL program and TLT have the same effect on improving reading comprehension.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Major Dietary Patterns at Breakfast and Odds of Major Depressive Disorder: A Case-control Study.","authors":"Hossein Shahinfar, Sakineh Shab-Bidar, Mohammad Effatpanah, Reza Askari, Shima Jazayeri","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No study was conducted to investigate the association between principal component (PCA) derived meal-based dietary patterns and odds of major depressive disorder. We aimed to explore the association between major dietary patterns at breakfast and oddsof major depressive disorder (MDD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 200 drug-free patients with MDD and 200 healthy individuals were enrolled in this age- and sex-matched case-control study. Dietary intake was assessed using 24-hour dietary recall. PCA was applied to identify meal-based dietary patterns. The Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaire was used for screening depression in the control group. A trained interviewer documented socioeconomic status and anthropometric measurements using standardized procedures. Conditional logistic regression was performed to find the association between patterns and MDD odds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 45.4 ± 10.7 years and 67.5% (270 participants) were women. We identified 3 major dietary patterns at breakfast including \"healthy,\" \"oil and egg,\" and \" legumes and condiments\" patterns. High adherence to healthy dietary patterns was associated with decreased odds of MDD (odds ratio (OR), 0.55 (95% CI, 0.32, 0.94); <i>P</i> = 0.030). Neither \"oil and egg\" nor \"legumes and condiments\" patterns were associated with MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Healthy dietary patterns were associated with lower odds of MDD. However, no significant relationship was detected between the \"oil and egg pattern\" and \"legumes and condiments pattern\" and the odds of MDD. Recommendations for reducing the odds of MDD can be focused on increasing adherence to healthy dietary patterns at breakfast. It is recommended to conduct prospective design studies to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707719/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142950942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Mixed Articulation Therapy on Perceptual and Acoustic Features of Compensatory Errors in Children with Cleft Palate.","authors":"Mahdiye Tavakoli, Nahid Jalilevand, Mahmood Bijankhan, Farhad Torabinezhad, Reyhane Mohamadi, Noor Ahmad Latifi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Compensatory errors are a conventional part of an articulation disorder identified by speech pathologists in patients with Cleft palate (CP). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of new mixed articulation therapy on the perceptual and acoustic features of these errors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The single-case experimental design, ABA design, was used in this study. Five CP young children ages 3.9 to 5.4 months, received online multimodal articulation therapy for 5 weeks, 6 sessions per week, utilizing both standard and maximum opposition approaches. Patients underwent baseline and follow-up sessions before and after treatment for 3 weeks-1 session per week. The percentage of compensatory errors was calculated as a perceptual measure, and 2 acoustic measures-including the slope of the locus equation (LE slope) and the overall F2 Transition Frequency Extent (TFE)-were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compensatory errors were eliminated in all 5 participants with the mixed articulation therapy (Percentage of nonoverlapping data [PND] ≥80%, percentage of Improvement Rate Difference [IRD] ≥73.33%), and this therapy effect was maintained for up to 3 weeks of follow-up. The acoustic measures showed a difference in the F2 changes during CV transition in compensatory error before and after therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study supports the hypothesis that online mixed articulation therapy in children with CP can eliminate compensatory errors. The results of this study can also help extend the knowledge about F2 changes during CV transition in compensatory error before and after speech therapy to create objective and visual diagnostic documentation for patients with CP and prediction of some coarticulation models.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}