Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran最新文献

{"title":"Gastroprotective Effects of Betahistine Against an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Mucosal Ulcer in Rats: The Role of CINC-2α Gene.","authors":"Shaghayegh Tarani, Gelareh Vahabzadeh, Hasan Fallah Huseini, Armin Khavandegar, Bahareh Tavakoli-Far, Roshanak Jazayeri","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) in gastric protection and anti-inflammatory function is controversial. In this study, we investigated the gastroprotective effect of a histamine H3 receptor antagonist drug, betahistine, on cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) gene expression in a rat model of indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experiment, rats were divided into four groups; the control group received no treatment, group 2 was treated with indomethacin at a dose of 25 mg/kg, group 3 pre-treated with famotidine at a dose of 50 mg/kg, and group 4 pre-treated with betahistine (as a reference drug) at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The last two groups were followed by indomethacin administration (25 mg/kg), three days later. The obtained values were expressed as the mean and standard error of the mean (mean ± SEM). The level of statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Indomethacin treatment resulted in large ulcerative lesions with a mean ulcer index of 29± 13.63 mm. However, ulcerative indices were significantly improved in groups pre-treated with famotidine (15.5 ± 8.68 mm; <i>P</i> < 0.05) and betahistine (11±5.66 mm, <i>P</i> < 0.01), compared to the indomethacin-treated group. The expression levels of gastric CINC-2ɑ were significantly elevated in indomethacin-induced groups by 0.028±0.05 in the indomethacin group, 0.005±0.01 in indomethacin + famotidine, and 0.012±0.03 in indomethacin + betahistine groups, compared to the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Besides, pre-treatment with betahistine significantly reduced the expression of CINC-2ɑ induced by indomethacin administration (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Betahistine for five days before administrating indomethacin reduced the ulcer index and downregulated the expression of CINC-2α significantly. Overall, pre-treatment with betahistine protects against the gastric damage induced by indomethacin by lowering the expression of CINC-2ɑ.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Clinical and Pathological Characteristics of Thyroid Cancer Surgery in the Pandemic Era.","authors":"Asma Shafaeipour, Mohammad Shirkhoda, Mohammad Yasin Karami, Fatemeh Moosaie, Amirmohsen Jalaeefar, Maziar Motiee-Langroudi, Iraj Harirchi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.99","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.99","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic brought significant challenges for oncology centers and cancer patients, necessitating the implementation of various preventive and restrictive protocols and postponing elective surgeries. We aimed to assess and compare tumor characteristics, including the size, metastasis, and duration of hospitalizations between the periods before and during COVID-19 in patients with thyroid cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present cross-sectional study was performed at The Institute of Cancer, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, with 143 patients observed 2 years before the pandemic and 92 during March 2020 and March 2022. Clinical and pathological tumor characteristics were compared between the 2 groups, including surgical details, hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission durations, time intervals between diagnoses and surgeries, and various metastatic factors. All data were analyzed using SPSS software 21. The chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis of qualitative data, and the t test was used for the statistical analysis of continuous data. <i>P</i> < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most frequent tumor type was papillary thyroid cancer (134 [93.7%] and 82 [89.13%]; <i>P</i> = 0.209). The right lobe was the most prevalent tumor site both before and during COVID-19, respectively (55 [38.5%] and 29 [31.5%]; <i>P</i> = 0.278). Central (64 [50.8%] and 62 [49.2%]; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and lateral (45 [34.5%] and 45 [48.9 %]; <i>P</i> = 0.045) lymph node metastasis in the first surgery and recurrence (<i>P</i> = 0.006 and <i>P</i> = 0.022, respectively) were significantly higher in patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. The mean interval between the first surgery and subsequent surgery due to recurrence (<i>P</i> < 0.001), duration of ICU admission (<i>P</i> = 0.010), and hospitalization after the second operation were significantly lower during the pandemic (<i>P</i> = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, patients exhibited larger tumors, increased lymph node metastasis, and shorter intervals between surgeries. This underscores the need for healthcare decision-makers to implement effective thyroid cancer management strategies in future outbreaks. Our study stands out by analyzing hospitalization and ICU admissions and duration for each patient, unlike any other study. Moreover, we extended our observation period beyond the typical duration found in most of the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship between QT Dispersion in ECG and Response to Primary PCI in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.","authors":"Mir Mohammad Sadra Ghods Hosseini, Samira Dodangeh, Hamid Reza Javadi, Alireza Razaghi, Majid Haji Karimi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.98","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.98","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>St-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a serious condition that occurs when the blood flow to one or more coronary arteries is blocked, leading to damage or death of the heart muscle (myocardial injury or necrosis). The present study aimed to compare QTc and QTd intervals in patients with STEMI before and 90 minutes after treatment in Booali Sina Hospital, Qazvin, Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present study is an analytical cross-sectional study. Between March 2021 and 2022, 107 patients administered to Booali Sina Hospital, Qazvin, Iran, due to STEMI who underwent primary PCI were enrolled in the study. Data including age, sex, height and weight, disease history, QTc interval before and 90 minutes after treatment, QTd before and 90 minutes after treatment and Ejection fraction values were extracted from the patient's files. Then, the relationship between change in QT and QTd after treatment with response to treatment based on ST Resolution was evaluated. SPSS 20.0 statistical program was used for the statistical analysis. All values are given as mean± standard deviation (SD). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observed mean difference in investigated variables of patients, including age, height, weight, and BMI, was not statistically significant between the two groups (response to treatment and non-response to treatment (<i>P</i> > 0.05). Findings demonstrated that the mean QTd 1 in the response to the treatment group was higher compared to the non-response to the treatment group, and this difference was not statistically significant (<i>P</i> = 0.337). It is remarkable that the mean QTd 2 in the response to treatment group was statistically significantly lower than the non-response to treatment group (<i>P</i> = 0.002).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We showed that QTd in the studied patients after primary angioplasty reduced significantly compared to the QTd before the treatment, so the QTd can be considered as a noninvasive measure of the response to the treatment in patients with STEMI.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Masseter Muscle in Skeletal Malocclusions (Class I, II, and III).","authors":"Mahrokh Imanimoghaddam, Fahimeh Farzanegan, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Farzaneh Soleymani, Zahra Jamali Paghaleh","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.97","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.97","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is limited research on the sonographic view of people with skeletal malocclusions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the sonographic findings of the masseter muscle in patients with skeletal malocclusions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this descriptive study, 48 patients aged 15-20 years with skeletal class I, II, and III malocclusions (n = 16) who were referred to Mashhad Dental School for treatment were selected. The masseter muscle was evaluated by ultrasound, including transverse and longitudinal scans on both sides of the face in resting and contraction states. The age, gender, muscle thickness, muscle pattern (Malocclusion were classified based on A-point, nasion, B-point (ANB): 0< ANB <4 as class I, ANB > 4 as class II, ANB < 0 as class III), side of chewing, and body mass index (BMI) parameters were measured for each patient. Paired t-tests compared masseter muscle states; ANOVA assessed differences among malocclusion groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most commonly observed pattern in the masseter muscle of patients with class III skeletal malocclusions was type II, and in people with class II malocclusions was type I. There was a positive and significant correlation between the thickness of masseter muscle and BMI in each group separately (<i>P</i> < 0.001). However, the masseter muscle pattern did not show a significant correlation with BMI, gender, and age. A significant difference was observed between the thickness of the masseter muscle in the resting and contracted states in each group (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that skeletal malocclusions can affect the pattern and internal structure of the masseter muscle in the anterior-posterior dimension of the face. Ultrasound can be a suitable diagnostic tool for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complementing Managerialism Ideology with Leaderism Discourse: An Idea to Address Management and Leadership Challenges in the Iranian Health System.","authors":"Mohsen Seyed Mahmoudi, Ali Akbari Sari, Hossein Dargahi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.96","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.96","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Managerialism and leaderism were introduced in response to the challenges in public service management, aiming to improve the management of public service organizations. These ap-proaches both have their own strengths and challenges. The purpose of this study was to examine the current and desired state of the Iranian health system and to find whether these approaches can be integrated to leverage their strengths and address some of the management and leadership challenges of the country's health system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 43 senior managers of the health system, employees of three medical universities in Tehran, and experts in public management. The participants were selected using purposive sampling, and the snowball technique was used to increase the number of interviewees. The data were analyzed using the framework method in MAXQDA 18.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Structural changes, realization of managerialism, establishment of evidence-based in-formation systems, readiness of managers and employees, creating a climate of trust, identifica-tion, and recruitment of competent individuals, specialized training, delegation of sufficient au-thority to managers, building a culture conducive to an integrated approach, communication and cooperation, and benchmarking were identified as the prerequisites for complementing Manageri-alism Ideology with Leaderism Discourse.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Complementing managerialism ideology with leaderism discourse can help solve some of the management and leadership challenges faced by the country's health system. But more important are the prerequisites that need to be satisfied in order to prepare the ground for integrating these approaches and capitalizing on their advantages.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional and Aesthetic Outcomes of Patients Underwent Modified Ravitch Technique for Repair of Pectus Excavatum.","authors":"Gamal A Farag, Ahmed M Omran, Sherif H Youssif, Ramadan S Abd Alaziz, Samir A Nematallah, Ahmed B Abd El Salam, Husseini F El Boraey, Osama I Ramadan, Tarek Zahra, Ahmed M Zeina","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.95","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.95","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pectus excavatum is the most frequent congenital defect of the chest wall. Surgical treatment with modified Ravitch-type repair is recommended in patients with cosmetic dissatisfaction or considerable cardiopulmonary symptoms. We aimed to analyze the surgical, aesthetic, cardiopulmonary functions and patient satisfaction outcomes of modified Ravitch repair pre and postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective analysis of 13 pectus excavatum patients undergoing repair by modified Ravitch using a permanent titanium plate fixed with a screw from September 2021 to August 2023. Patients were included to relieve pressure on the heart and lungs if complaining of exercise intolerance, cosmetic impairment, shortness of breathing, chest pain, or psychological disturbance with an age range from 10 years to 30 years old. While patients who had received conservative or surgical treatment previously or patients with scoliosis, Marfan syndrome or bronchial asthma were excluded. At the 6-month postoperative visit, a postoperative satisfaction survey was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The means of the age of patients (16.4 ± 2.36 years); operative duration (120 minutes); blood loss (200± 15.47 mL) and Haller index was (3.8± 0.35) preoperatively compared with less than 3.0 (2.7± 0.08 postoperatively; hospital stay (7 days). The most frequent complications were seroma in one patient (7.69%), postoperative bleeding in one patient (7.69%) and skin infection in one patient (7.69%) of patients. No recorded infection of the sternal plate or required operative re-exploration for infection. All patients were subjectively satisfied with the excellent surgical results. Exercise intolerance despite increased exercise performance was observed following surgery, including less sensation of dyspnea.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modified Ravitch-type repair is a secure and reliable method for treating pectus excavatum with better relief of preoperative symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Socket Prototype Design with a Heat-Exchanging Metal Layer for Individuals with Below-knee Amputation.","authors":"Mahboobeh Farhoudi, Behnam Hajiaghaei, Hassan Saeedi, Taher Babaee","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.94","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Individuals who have undergone lower limb amputation often struggle with excessive heat and sweating in their prosthetic sockets. This is due to the closed environment of the socket, which disrupts the body's natural cooling mechanisms and can lead to increased skin temperature, sweating, and various skin problems. This study aimed to develop a new socket to alleviate heat buildup in those with below-knee amputation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A positive residual limb model of a below-knee amputee was used to create a new socket made of copper metal through electroforming. A cooling system was programmed so that if the temperature exceeded a predetermined threshold, the system would be activated to prevent further temperature increase. The participant wore the conventional and new socket with the cooling system, and his residual limb skin temperature was monitored using a temperature data logger.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Implementing the new socket led to a significant 5°C to 6°C reduction in temperature within the socket, greatly enhancing thermal comfort and reducing heat sensation for the users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By incorporating the new socket and cooling system, substantial reductions in heat accumulation within the prosthetic socket can be achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644191/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the Clinical Severity Scores of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients across Different Phases of an Epidemic Wave in Iran: a Secondary Analysis.","authors":"Leila Mounesan, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Sana Eybpoosh, Ali Hosseini, Leila Haghjou, AliAkbar Haghdoost, Ehsan Mostafavi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.93","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To reduce the clinical burden of COVID-19, healthcare providers, and policymakers need a clear understanding of the illness severity during epidemic waves. This study aimed to identify the clinical severity of patients with COVID-19 during different stages of an epidemic wave (pre-peak, peak, post-peak) in four provinces in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of the data on COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals (25,382 cases), which were recorded in the Medical Care Monitoring Center. Data included adult patients (≥18 years) who were hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection, confirmed by a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test. No exclusion criteria were applied. A pairwise comparison method was used to evaluate clinical severity. Then, based on univariable and multivariable linear regression models, the severity scores of patients were compared during various stages of an epidemic wave.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings showed that the level of severity of the disease was higher during and after the peak in the total population. The means (SD) of severity scores were 0.16 (0.25), 0.18 (0.26), and 0.19 (0.26) before, during and after the peak, respectively. Besides, age and the underlying disease had a positive and significant relationship with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the middle and late phases of the COVID-19 epidemic wave, hospitals are seeing patients with more severe illnesses than in the early stages. Enhancing hospital preparedness is essential to avert excess deaths and critical cases. Moreover, it is important to maintain ongoing monitoring of clinical symptoms during the recovery phase to support individual patients, guide public health policy, and enhance scientific understanding of epidemic recovery processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) of Five Most Prevalent Cancers in the Elderly in Markazi Province, Iran, 2019.","authors":"Ahmad Amani, Reza Fadayevatan, Babak Eshrati, Mohammad Rafiee, Ahmad Ali Akbari Kamrani","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.92","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.92","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer is one of the diseases affecting the elderly and can lead to loss of life years. The skin, breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers are five prevalent cancers in the elderly. The present study was conducted to evaluate the incidence and burden of these cancers in the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This secondary study was conducted on available extracted data from the population-based cancer registry in Markazi province in 2019. The data of all cases older than 60 years that lived more than six months in Markazi province were extracted. Collecting information involves gathering data on cancer incidence and death rates based on age and sex groups, as well as overall mortality rates. This also includes survival rates, recovery rates for cancer patients, and disability attributed to cancer using the global burden of disease (GBD) standard table from various sources. Various data, including the latest death registration report and the latest cancer registration report for 2019 and the Iran Statistics Center, were obtained. In order to check and analyze the data, Excel and DISMOD2 software were used. In order to analyze the data, formulas for calculating the burden of diseases (DALY=YLL+YLD) were used. For the validity and reliability of the data, the method of preventing the registration of impossible codes and useless codes was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence rate of skin, breast, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers in elderly women was 52.87, 59.02, 67.63, 47.95, and 20.90, respectively, per 100000. DALYs of these cancers in elderly women were 63.15, 423.86, 686.37, 366.49, and 385.18, respectively. The incidence rate of skin, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancers in elderly men was 100.84, 135.80, 49.74, and 68.57, respectively per 100000. DALYs of these cancers in elderly men were 342.31, 1117.01, 337.99, and 452.41, respectively. The highest YLL and YLD were related to gastric cancer (493.31/100,000) and breast cancer (220.84/100,000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results of this study, the incidence, mortality, and DALY of skin, breast, stomach, colorectal and lung cancers were higher in the elderly. In this study, the burden of some cancers such as breast, was lower compared to provinces such as Yazd.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Equality in Primary Health Care Budget Allocation in Iran, Using the Gini Coefficient Method.","authors":"Mohsen Barouni, Hossein Farshidi, Somayeh Karimi, Mohammad Arab, Hamed Nazari, Farzaneh Ghasemi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Iran, one of the most important and influential sources for financing the Primary Health Care (PHC )is the government budget. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the allocation of the PHC budget and evaluating the equality in the allocation of these resources.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this applied descriptive-analytical study, the study population included all of Iran's 31 provinces. Data was gathered from the registered statistics of the Ministry of Health and the Iranian Statistics Center for the years 2021 and 2022. In this research, the Gini coefficient and the Lorenz curve have been used to measure equality in the allocation of the PHC budget.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that in 2022, the PHC budget increased by 50% compared to 2021. 20 provinces received less than the national average, and 11 provinces received more than the national average. The average allocation budget in urban areas in 2021 and 2022 is 596,452 and 854,936 million rials ($2,385,808 and $2,374,822), respectively. The average allocation budget in rural areas in 2021 and 2022 is 1,144,350 and 1,752,936 million rials, respectively ($4,577,400 and $4,869,267). The numerical value of the Gini coefficient for the budget allocation in 2021 and 2022 was 0.20 and 0.19, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Gini coefficient shows that the allocation of the PHC budget is relatively unequal. Advocacy for the reallocation of resources in the health sector based on evidence and based on the deprivation coefficient of demographic groups is one of the most basic ways to support the more deprived and less developed provinces.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11644027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}