Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Viability of the Preserved Autologous Aspirated Fat Tissue Transfer in Refrigerated and Frozen Specimens.","authors":"Mohammad Hasan Bagheri, Mona Kabiri, Nema Mohamadian Roshan, Seyed Yavar Shams Hojjati, Ezzatollah Rezaei","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.26","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fat graft surgery is one of the most effective procedures in plastic surgery, and since some patients request multiple surgeries and these cases sometimes take hours, it endangers the viability of the fat graft. In this study, we intend to evaluate the viability of adipose tissue aspirated with a syringe at refrigerator (4°C) and freezer (-20 °C) temperatures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study. After receiving the ethics committee's approval (IR.MUMS.MEDICAL.REC.1401.423), 17 volunteers entered the study. The harvested fat tissue sample was divided into 3 parts, and each of them was transferred to 3 separate sterile tubes. The first tube was sent to the laboratory for preliminary examination of fresh fat, and the second tube was transferred to a 4°C refrigerator for 72 hours. The sample from the third tube was first passed through a strainer and after drying, it was transferred to a -20°C freezer for 72 hours. After treatment with trypsin, we placed the sample inside the centrifuge using the Coleman method. Finally, 3 layers were formed, and the white middle layer was extracted as a fat cell suspension. Tissue samples were stained with trypan blue, and the percentage of viable cells was calculated using an optical microscope.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant difference between the mean number and percentage of viable cells in all 3 groups. Samples in the 4°C refrigerator had significantly more cellular viability than those in the -20°C freezer (mean difference, 72.842%; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed that after 72 hours at 4°C, adipose tissue has significantly higher survival than at -20°C (98.93% vs 75.31%). Since the survival of fat cells is one of the direct determinants of fat retention, it can affect the results after surgery. The present study recommends fresh adipose tissue for immediate transplantation unless there is an urgent need for cold storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114185/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Delayed Osteosynthesis of Bone Healing in Patients with Extra-articular Distal Femoral Fracture.","authors":"Hamed Tayyebi, Sajad Noorigaravand, Mohammad Reza Baheaddini, Elham Mohammadyahya, Ava Parvandi, Saeid Shirvani, Ali Yeganeh","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.25","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In extra-articular distal femoral fractures (EDFFs), nonunion is a serious complication that occurs rarely. In this study, we examined how longer preservation of initial fracture hematoma by delaying the osteosynthesis (OS) affects the fracture union.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective cohort study, 98 EDFF patients were included. The OS was done within 2 days of injury in 50 patients (early OS group) and after 2 days of injury in 48 patients (late OS group). Time to callus formation and fracture union, bleeding amount, surgical duration, pain, knee range of motion, knee function, and postoperative complications, including the nonunion, knee deformity, infection, and revision, were compared between the 2 groups. Statistical analyses were done with SPSS. A comparison of the mean between the 2 groups was made with an independent t test or its nonparametric counterpart. A comparison of categorical variables between the 2 groups was made using a chi-square or the Fisher's exact test. <i>P</i> ˂ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean time to callus formation was 47.1 ± 17.3 days in the early OS group and 46.9 ± 19.7 in the late OS group (<i>P</i> = 0.950). The mean time to fracture union was 114.9 ± 21 in the early OS group and 117.4 ± 28.8 days in the late OS group (<i>P</i> = 0.630). The mean operation time and bleeding amount between the 2 groups did not differ significantly (<i>P</i> = 0.230 and <i>P</i> = 0.340, respectively). The knee range of motion, pain, and function were not notably different (<i>P</i> = 0.620, <i>P</i> = 0.790, and <i>P</i> = 0.770, respectively). Nonunion occurred in 3 patients of early OS and 2 patients of the late OS group. Other complications were also comparable in the 2 study groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delayed OA in EDFF patients has no significant effect on bone healing and fracture union. Future standard studies are required to confirm these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114186/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Conflict Management Skills to Medical Students: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Fatemeh Mohseni, Aeen Mohammadi, Nasim Khajavirad, Kamal Basiri, Mahboobeh Khabaz Mafinejad","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.24","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conflict management skills include the ability of team members to actively use appropriate methods and strategies in different conflict situations. Considering the necessity of effective training in conflict management skills for medical students as a member of healthcare teams, this scoping review study aimed at reviewing the appropriate methods for teaching conflict management to medical students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this scoping review, PubMed, Eric, ProQuest, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus databases were systematically searched until May 21, 2023. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened separately by 2 researchers. The quality of the articles was assessed using the Best Evidence Medical Education (BEME) tool. Then, a descriptive synthesis was performed, and the results were reported. The Kirkpatrick model was used to evaluate the educational outcomes assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 2888 retrieved studies, 19 studies were included. Although active and interactive teaching methods such as roleplay, group discussion, and interactive workshops were the most frequently used methods, the results did not pronounce the superiority of one method over others.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results of this scoping review, further research should evaluate the effectiveness of conflict management training methods by focusing on the randomized controlled trial design and using standard and valid tools to assess educational outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Newborn Hearing Screening Program in Iran.","authors":"Ehsan Moradi-Joo, Mohsen Barouni, Leila Vali, Saeid Mahmoudian","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.23","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early diagnosis of hearing loss and timely interventions are important to minimize the consequences of this condition, especially for children. This research was conducted to analyze the newborn hearing loss screening program in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study was conducted using the content analysis method and based on the CIPP model in 2023. The snowball method was used to recruit a sample with maximum diversity. The criteria for selecting people for interviews included having at least three years of experience in the newborn hearing loss screening program and sufficient knowledge in the field. To ensure the reliability of the results, four criteria proposed by Lincoln and Guba were used. Data analysis was conducted by MAXQDA2022 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the current research, using content analysis in the form of the CIPP model, based on the viewpoints of the interviewees (40 people), the management requirements of the newborn hearing loss screening program were categorized into the four main categories of context (texture), input, process, and output. Eight subcategories were identified in the context dimension, four subcategories in the input dimension, seven subcategories in the process dimension, and four subcategories in the output dimension.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to the findings of this research, in order to properly implement the newborn hearing loss screening program, there is a need to conduct pilot studies, need assessments, evidence-based programs, and epidemiological studies and to prioritize services and resources. Also, communication between service delivery levels needs to be improved, and attention should be paid to personnel motivation and screening programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of an Instrument for Assessing Nurses' Control Sources of Resilience in the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Mahnaz Solhi, Tahereh Dehdari, Mahasti Emami Hamzehkolaee, Hoda Shirafkan, Anjela Hamidia","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.22","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nurses' resilience in the care of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential. This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument for assessing nurses' resilience control resources in the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, with a conventional content analysis based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews conducted with 20 nurses, the initial draft of the instrument was prepared in different aspects based on a 5-point scale. The instrument's face validity and content validity were examined in 15 nurses and 15 experts, and construct validity was obtained in 482 nurses using the available sampling method. Data were analyzed in SPSS software Version 24 using indexes and analytic tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 54 items, 18 items were confirmed by the expert panel and the items had content validity ratio and content validity index scores higher than 0.79. According to the results of an exploratory factor analysis, this tool has 4 dimensions: God, chance, internal locus of control, and powerful others. They accounted for 48.06% of the total variance. CFA showed the indices confirmed the model fit (χ2/df = 1.846, comparative fit index = 0.921, incremental fit index = 0.923, root mean square approximation error = 059, goodness of fit index = 0.905). The reliability of the instrument was acceptable (Ω > 0.70, α > 0.7, CR >0.60, and intra-class correlation coefficients > 0.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The developed tool is used to measure the control resources of nurses' resilience in caring for COVID-19 patients. It can help recognize the focus areas for developing appropriate interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development, Validation, and Cross Cultural Adoption of Persian Version of Behavioral Risk Factor Tool.","authors":"Elham Davtalab Esmaeili, Leila R Kalankesh, Ali Hossein Zeinalzadeh, Alireza Ghaffari, Saeed Dastgiri","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.21","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the most crucial objectives of policymakers is to enhance the population's overall health. Establishing a surveillance system is a way to achieve this goal. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a national system that collects data on the health-related behaviors of the United States residents using the Behavioral Risk Factor Questionnaire (BRFSSQ). This survey is aimed at reducing risk behaviors and their consequences. Regarding the fact that the cultural environment within each country may affect how behaviors are assessed, this study aimed to develop a Persian version, cross-cultural adaptation, and assess the validity and reliability of the PBRFSSQ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, 250 individuals were enrolled using the stratified sampling method between August 2022 and April 2023. Six steps of translation and test method proposed by Sousa et al was used. Content and face validity were calculated. Also, the Cronbach's alpha and test-retest were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of all participants, 54.5% were male and aged 30 to 65 years old (69%). The Scale Content Validity Index was equal to 0.95. The Intra class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was computed as 0.86, 0.88, and 0.87 for the core, optional, and total components, respectively. Furthermore, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.85 was obtained overall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This tool was highly valid and reliable for assessing risky behaviors among the Iranian general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Analysis of Risk Factors for Mortality of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Tertiary Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: A Retrospective.","authors":"Ashefet Agete, Girma Altaye, Ebrahim Talebi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.20","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a leading cause of global mortality, necessitating proactive identification of risk factors for preventive strategies. This study aimed to uncover prognostic factors influencing cardiovascular patient survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study, which used a sample size of 410, showed how to analyze data using simple random sampling. It was conducted at the Tikur Anbessa Specialist Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, between September 2012 and April 2016. The Cox PH and stratified Cox regression models were used for the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings disclosed a patient cohort where 200 patients (48.8%) persisted through subsequent evaluation, while 210 patients (51.2%) succumbed. Blood pressure (BP), specific CVD, and education levels (EL) exhibited nonproportionalities in scaled Schoenfeld residuals (<i>P</i> < 0.001), prompting necessary stratification. Inadequacies in the Cox proportional hazards model led to favoring the stratified Cox model. Notably, EL, BP, cholesterol level (CL), alcohol use (AU), smoking use (SU), and pulse rate (PR) exhibited statistical significance (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Acceptability of the absence of interaction in the model, with disease types as strata, was established. Different cardiovascular conditions served as distinct groups, where EL, AU, BP, PR, CL, and SU emerged as variables with statistically substantiated significance associated with the mortality of patients with CVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implications stress the imperative of widespread awareness among policymakers and the public concerning cardiovascular disease incidence. Such awareness is pivotal in mitigating identified risk factors, guiding more effective healthcare interventions tailored to the multifaceted challenges posed by cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycemic State in Diabetic Patients during the Post-Stroke Recovery Phase.","authors":"Rouzbeh Kazemi, Alireza Amirbaigloo, Ali Ghotbi, Mahsa Nazifi, Fahimeh Soheilipour","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.19","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyperglycemia is common in the early acute stroke phase especially in patients with diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the course of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes during the post-stroke recovery phase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It was an observational study conducted in Tabassom Rehabilitation Center for Stroke Patients, Tehran, Iran, 2018-2021. Forty-seven consecutive patients with diabetes and stroke were enrolled and included if at least 3 months had passed from their stroke . Any change in glycemic control before and after stroke was controlled by monitoring drugs used for diabetes treatment and laboratory results. To assess categorical variables, the Pearson chi-squared test was used. Quantitative variables before and after the stroke were analyzed by the paired sample t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 63.6 ± 6.9 years, and 22 patients were women. The median time from occurrence of stroke to the first visit was 5 months and 6 days. Glycemic control improved among patients with diabetes during the post-stroke recovery phase. There was a significant decrease of 0.7 ± 1.3 % in HbA1c (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The number and the dose of drugs needed for diabetes treatment decreased. No significant correlation could be found between changes in HbA1c and weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the initial increase in glycemia in patients with diabetes in the acute phase of stroke, glycemic control improves after stroke, and often, it is necessary to decrease diabetes drugs to prevent hypoglycemia. This topic is important and should be addressed by guidelines and institutions involved in the care of patients with diabetes and stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114184/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Can Better Predict the Length of Hospital Stay among Traumatic Patients? A Retrospective Single-Center, Registry-Based Study.","authors":"Armin Khavandegar, Vali Baigi, Mohammadreza Zafarghandi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Reza Farahmand-Rad, Seyed-Mohammad Piri, Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Khatereh Naghdi, Payman Salamati","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.18","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lengthy hospitalization may lead to an increased hospital-acquired patient complication, including infections, as well as increased costs for both healthcare systems and patients. A few studies evaluated the impact of various clinical and demographic variables on patients' length of stay (LOS). Hence, in this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of various variables on traumatic patients' LOS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective single-center, registry-based study of traumatic patients admitted to Taleqani, a major trauma center in Kermanshah, Iran. A Minimal Dataset (MDS) was developed to retrieve traumatic data on demographic and clinical aspects. We used univariable and multiple quantile regression models to evaluate the association between independent variables, including ISS, GCS, and SBP, with LOS. LOS is practically defined as the time interval between hospital admission and discharge. The LOS durations have been presented as median (Q1 to Q3) hours. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2708 cases were included in this study, with 1989 (73.4%) of them being male. The median LOS was 87.00 (48.00 to 144.00) hours. When adjusted for systolic blood pressure (SBP), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and cause of injury, the two characteristics of spine/back and multiple trauma were significantly associated with the higher LOS, with 43 (20.5 to 65.48) and 24 (10.39 to 37.60) hours more than extremities (<i>P</i> < 0.001 and <i>P</i> = 0.005). Besides, the patients admitted due to road traffic injuries (RTI) were discharged 16 and 41 hours later than falling and cutting/stabbing (<i>P</i> = 0.008 and < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the patients with ISS≥16 and 9≤ISS≤15 had a median of 51 (21 to 80) and 34 (22 to 45) LOS hours more, compared to 1≤ISS≤8, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The trauma cases experiencing SBP ≤ 90 mmhg on admission had a median of 41 (20 to 62) hours more hospitalization period than those with SBP> 90 mmhg (<i>P</i> < 0.001). At last, the patients with GCS of 9 to 12 and GCS of 3 to 8 were hospitalized for 39 and 266 hours more than GCS of 13 to 15 (<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Determining independent determinants of prolonged LOS may lead to better identifying at-risk patients on admission. Trauma care providers should consider the following risk factors for increased LOS: higher ISS, Lower GCS, and SBP, multiple trauma or spine injury, and trauma resulting from falling or cutting/stabbing. As a result, the impact of extended LOS might be reduced by intervening in the related influencing factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Workforce Planning: Designing a Specialty and Subspecialty Supply Model for Iran.","authors":"Shahram Yazdani, Jalil Koohpayehzadeh, Somaieh Bosak, Sadegh Abaei Hasani, Kamran Mohammadi Janbazloufar, Mohammad Hossein Ayati","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.38.17","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.38.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the approaches to health workforce planning is supply-based. It has been emphasized that countries should model health workforce based on evidence and their context. The objective of this study is to \"design a supply health workforce planning model for specialty and subspecialty in Iran.\"</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a study using Walker and Avant's (2018) theory synthesis framework to construct the model. This method has three steps. According to the viewpoint of the research team and the needs of the country, the focal concept is determined. Then, a literature review was done to determine related factors and their relationships. In the third step, according to the review, the viewpoint of the research team, the rationale of the connection between components, and the graphic model were presented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>\"Supply\" was selected as the focal concept. In the literature review, 42 components were obtained from the systematic review, 43 components obtained from the study of other texts were combined with the opinion of the research team about the field of Iran, and the connections between them were determined. In the third step, the supply model was designed using the Stock and Flow method. Finally, by applying the \"functional full-time coefficient\", the number of full-time equivalent physicians was calculated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The presented model is an evidence-based model that follows stock and flow design. Stock is the number of specialties or subspecialties that exist in the labor market. Flow includes inflow and outflow according to the educational pathway in the context of Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"38 ","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11114202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}