Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran最新文献

{"title":"Determining the Mental Health of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Residents, According to the General Health Questionnaire.","authors":"Ghasem Pishgahi, Kamran Shirbache, Alireza Abdshah, Mozhgan Sadat Hashemi, Farzaneh Shirani, Hojat Sheikh Motahar Vahedi, Amirhosein Jahanshir","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.13","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health disorders can significantly impact medical learners, hinder their education, and potentially affect their future practice in profound ways. This study aimed to determine the general health of residents at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted this cross-sectional study in 2016 to assess the general health of 349 TUMS residents, using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The GHQ is a widely used screening tool that evaluates general mental health across 4 domains: somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and severe depression. This tool is known for its reliability and validity in identifying individuals at risk for mental health issues. For data analysis, we applied the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, logistic regression, and chi-square tests to examine associations among study variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, general health dysfunction was observed in 54.7% of residents (95% CI, 49.4-59.8). The prevalence of somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction, and depression was 44.1% (95% CI, 39.3-49.8), 57.6% (95% CI, 52.3-62.7), 23.8% (95% CI, 19.6-28.6), and 51.5% (95% CI, 46.2-56.7), respectively. General health dysfunction was significantly associated with sex, marital status, interest in the field, exercise habits, satisfaction with leisure time and curriculum, use of sleep-aid medications, smoking, residency level, and living arrangements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of mental health challenges among residents at TUMS. The findings indicate that a substantial proportion of residents experience general health dysfunction, including anxiety, depression, somatic symptoms, and social dysfunction. These results emphasize the importance of ongoing monitoring and support for residents' mental well-being during their training.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403888/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a Contextualized Social Vulnerability Index: Defining Key Domains and Indicators for Iran's Health System.","authors":"Hajeer Mahmoudi Panah, Seyed Hossein Mohaqeqi Kamal, Mehdi Basakha, Homeira Sajjadi, Farhad Nosrati Nejad","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.12","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social vulnerability is an inherently context-dependent concept that has recently gained increasing attention within the framework of the social determinants of health. This study aimed to define and conceptualize social vulnerability within the specific context of Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A sequential mixed-methods design was employed. An initial pool of indicators was systematically developed through a literature review. The Delphi consensus technique was used to conceptualize social vulnerability in Iranian society by identifying context-sensitive and culturally relevant indicators. Over six months, 23 national experts in health and social welfare participated in three rounds of discussions. To assess the relevance and importance of these indicators, statistical indices, including the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, were applied. A directed qualitative content analysis was conducted to systematically categorize the indicators into distinct dimensions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experts identified 65 relevant indicators of social vulnerability. Indicators with the strongest consensus included families living below the poverty line, the unemployment rate, the ratio of marginalized populations, the number of malnourished individuals, people lacking social insurance, the share of housing costs, the number of out-of-school children, the proportion of food expenses in total household spending, education levels below a diploma, and the under-five mortality rate. The ten identified dimensions of social vulnerability in Iran were: Populations at Risk; Family and Gender; Economic; Health Infrastructure and Public Health; Education; Housing and Built Environment; Transportation and Mobility; Crime and Social Security; Emergency Response and Disaster Preparedness; and Social Capital and Institutional Support.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In developing countries such as Iran, social vulnerability is strongly influenced by macroeconomic fragility, governance constraints, and cultural factors. Developing a robust, context-sensitive framework for conceptualizing social vulnerability provides a foundation for practical tools to assess and monitor vulnerability more effectively. Ultimately, this approach supports targeted interventions aimed at improving the social determinants of health and enhancing population well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control, and Determinants of Hypertension: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Southwest Iran.","authors":"Maedeh Raeisi Zadeh, Bahman Cheraghian, Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Zahra Rahimi, Marzieh Araban, Nader Saki","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.11","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is the primary modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in southwest Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the enrollment phase of Hoveyzeh cohort study in 10,009 adults aged 35-70 in southwest Iran between 2016 and 2018. Information on demographic characteristics socioeconomic status, Hypertension, comorbidities, family history of Hypertension was collected. Logistic regression was employed to identify the factors associated with hypertension, as well as awareness, treatment, and control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of hypertension was 26.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]:25.5, 27.3). Among the population, 86.04% (95%CI: 84.7, 87.3) were aware of their condition, 81.18% (95%CI: 79.5, 82.8) were receiving treatment, and blood pressure was controlled in 70.15% (95%CI: 68, 72.2) of the treated hypertensive patients. In the adjusted model, older participants, those with low physical activity, individuals with a family history of hypertension, and patients with a history of diabetes or comorbidities of diabetes and dyslipidemia exhibited higher odds of having hypertension, as well as increased awareness. Additionally, being overweight or obese, married, and illiterate were associated with hypertension. Based on gender, women are more aware of their hypertension, receive more treatment, and have better control than men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of hypertension is relatively high; therefore, health promotion strategies, including lifestyle modifications to reduce overweight and obesity and to increase physical activity, are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical Application of Remdesivir-Based Regimens in COVID-19: A Retrospective Case-Control Analysis.","authors":"Alireza Nikoonejad, Mahsa Mahmoudi, Sara Nazemsadati, Ehsan Ahmadi, Abbas Allami","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.10","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic strained global healthcare, creating a demand for effective inpatient treatments. Observational comparisons of remdesivir (RDV) versus non-RDV are subject to confounding by indication and temporal trends. This study assessed the real-world effectiveness of RDV-based regimens using propensity score matching (PSM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study at BouAli Hospital, analyzing 2,216 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 between March and September 2020. The propensity score for RDV receipt was estimated via logistic regression including age, admission SpO₂, comorbidities, vaccination status, adjunct therapies, and pandemic wave. Patients were matched 1:1 by nearest neighbor (caliper 0.2 SD, common support). Covariate balance was assessed using standardized mean differences (SMD). Outcomes included hospital mortality, ICU admission, intubation, and length of stay (LOS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PSM produced 1,108 well-matched pairs (n=2,216). Some imbalance persisted (largest |SMD|: atorvastatin 0.35; vaccination 0.35; wave 0.24; age 0.17). RDV was associated with a lower intubation risk (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.39-0.65; <i>P</i><0.001) but not ICU admission (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.72-1.09; <i>P</i>=0.286) or mortality (OR ≈1.0, ns). LOS was longer in RDV users (median +1.52 days; <i>P</i><0.001). Doubly adjusted GEE models confirmed these findings (intubation OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.87; <i>P</i>=0.007; ICU OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.84-1.75; ns).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After PSM and adjustment, RDV use was linked to reduced intubation but not ICU admission or mortality, with longer hospital stays observed. Residual imbalance and unmeasured severity limit causal inference. Further studies are needed to guide personalized COVID-19 treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of a Persian Version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale.","authors":"Zahra Banafsheh Alemohammad, Samaneh Akbarpour, Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi, Ahmad Khajeh-Mehrizi, Laya Golshani, Ania Rahimi-Golkhandan","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.40.9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatigue refers to a lack of energy that makes it challenging to initiate or maintain voluntary activities. The Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFS) is a tool designed to assess the severity of fatigue. Studies indicate that it has strong validity and internal reliability, measuring both the mental and physical aspects of fatigue. We aimed to translate this questionnaire and to evaluate its psychometric properties in Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The translation process adhered to guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. This cross-sectional study included 70 participants. The reliability of the CFS was evaluated through internal consistency and test-retest reliability. To determine test-retest reliability, each participant completed the scale twice, with a two-week interval between assessments. Construct validity was assessed using factor analysis and principal component analysis. For content validity, a form was completed by 15 experts to evaluate the relevance and necessity of the items, calculating both the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age of the participants was 38 years, with a standard deviation of 8.52. Among the participants, 22 (31.4%) were male. Content validity analysis yielded a CVI of 0.88, indicating acceptable relevance, and a CVR of 0.81, demonstrating good content validity. Factor analysis identified a two-factor solution. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the CFS was 0.89. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for the CFS was 0.79 (95% confidence interval: 0.66-0.87, <i>P</i> < 0.001), reflecting good test-retest reliability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that the CFS is a reliable and valid tool for assessing fatigue, making it suitable for use in both research and clinical environments in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Cardiac Arrhythmias in COVID-19 Patients Undergoing CRRT During the First 24 Hours of ICU Admission.","authors":"Samira Mehrabi Pari, Amir Hossein Yaghoubian, Maliheh Yarmohamadi, Kamyar Mansori, Mohammad Memarian","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.8","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias in COVID-19 patients undergoing Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) during the first 24 hours of ICU admission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmias among 78 COVID-19 patients undergoing CRRT hemoperfusion during the first 24 hours of hospitalization in the ICU of Kowsar Hospital, Semnan, in 2020. Data were collected using a checklist that included demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, and types of cardiac arrhythmias, extracted from patients' medical records in the hospital's medical records department. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 26.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean (± SD) age of the patients was 54.68 ± 1.61 years. The proportions of males and females were 41% and 59%, respectively. The overall prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia was 21.8%, with bradycardia being the most common type (7.7%). The prevalence rates of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were 48.7%, 39.7%, 28.2%, and 26.9%, respectively. Additionally, 20.5% of patients had a history of cardiovascular disease. No statistically significant associations were found between cardiac arrhythmia and age, gender, or underlying conditions such as heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia (<i>P</i>>0.05). However, the prevalence of supraventricular arrhythmia (100%) and ventricular arrhythmia (66.7%) was significantly higher among patients with a history of cardiovascular disease (<i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated a substantial prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia in COVID-19 patients undergoing CRRT within the first 24 hours of ICU admission. The findings emphasize the importance of recognizing this vulnerable period for arrhythmia development and highlight the need for proactive measures to mitigate risks in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative Genitourinary Challenges in Children with Anorectal Malformations: A Prospective Cohort Study Highlighting the Role of Follow-up.","authors":"Fatemeh Abedi Karjiban, Fariba Jahangiri, Mahmoud Salek, Tahereh Chavoshi, Elham Zarei, Mahdi Bassirian","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.7","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are congenital anomalies frequently associated with genitourinary abnormalities and other developmental defects. Surgical correction commonly involves colostomy, posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), or laparoscopic/laparotomy-assisted approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of neurogenic bladder and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in ARM patients and their associations with ARM type, fistula location, vertebral anomalies, and surgical technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cohort study included 173 children with ARM in the pediatric surgery department of Ali-Asghar Hospital, Iran, from July 2011 to July 2021. Data on genitourinary problems, including urinary tract infections, vesicoureteral reflux, and neurogenic bladder, were gathered from clinical records and follow-up visits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 37 patients were diagnosed with neurogenic bladder and 44 with vesicoureteral reflux. This study stated higher occurrences of neurogenic bladder and reflux in patients who underwent PSARP. Neurogenic bladder was more prevalent in patients with high-type ARM and rectourethral fistula. The highest incidence of recurrent urinary tract infections was observed in boys with high-type ARM. Approximately 8% (14) of patients showed signs of kidney failure that led to chronic kidney failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Statistical evaluation of genitourinary issues in patients with ARM who underwent surgery at our center underscores the importance of informing parents of the need for regular follow-up. Given that some of these issues may lead to delayed adverse effects on kidney function, early diagnosis and timely intervention are crucial for preventing complications and slowing the progression to kidney failure and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Therapy Peculiarities for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Children with Sepsis: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Diana R Makhmutova, Nurila A Maltabarova, Saltanat A Sharmenova, Zhaxylyk T Smailov, Yerlan M Kussayev","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.6","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a crucial link to the positive outcome of treatment in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). A particular category of patients is children with ARDS and concomitant septic processes in the body. Difficulties arise in the successful intensive care of such patients due to the peculiarities of formulating clear diagnostic criteria for co-occurring pathological processes and the anatomical and physiological features of the respiratory system in children. It should be emphasized that artificial lung ventilation (ALV) in children with ARDS is not entirely unambiguous, and the currently available protocol for \"protective\" ventilation in children with ARDS entails many complications that aggravate the course of sepsis. This review aims to study current recommendations for diagnosing sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome in children, the features of the generally accepted mechanical ventilation protocol in children with ARDS, and possible ways to improve its effectiveness. The article reflects the epidemiology, current definitions, and diagnostic methods of pediatric sepsis and ARDS, as well as the peculiarities of ventilation in children with ARDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orolabial Melanosis: Principles of Formulating a Clinical Diagnosis.","authors":"Hojamammet Jumayev, Aybolek Tachmukhammedova, Begench Serdarov, Garabeg Goshayev, Batyr Allagulyyev, Aman Geldiyev","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.5","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.5","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The group of melanotic lesions (ML) of the orolabial region is extremely diverse, creating objective difficulties in differential diagnosis. To perform a comprehensive differential diagnostic evaluation and to plan treatment strategies, it is advisable to supplement the clinical classification of ML with objective diagnostic criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective, single-center study was designed according to the principles of clinical examination, including objective examination of the oral cavity, periodontal tissue assessment with evaluation of the Greene-Vermillion hygiene index, periodontal indices (papillomarginal-alveolar - PMA, SPITN), and assessment of the location, size, and staining intensity of ML using the authors' method, followed by statistical analysis. Conservative treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa and periodontium with subsequent dynamic observation was carried out for periods of 3 to 10 years. Statistical processing of the clinical data was performed using Microsoft Excel and the Statistica package, including calculation of the mean and standard error, Student's t-test, and analysis of variance with subsequent pairwise comparisons to determine the probability of error (p). Differences between means were considered statistically significant at &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 318 cases of ML in the orolabial region were examined. The size of ML foci was found to increase significantly with the depth and extent of the inflammatory process in the periodontium. Depending on the disease form, the average length of lesions increased more markedly (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) than the average width (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). According to the authors' method for objective assessment of ML staining intensity in the oral mucosa and lips, comparison of staining intensity with the nosological forms of inflammatory periodontal diseases showed the following patient distribution: degree I in 82 patients (25.8%), degree II in 164 patients (51.6%), and degree III in 72 patients (22.6%). Statistically significant differences for ML degree I were identified between the first and second nosological forms of inflammatory periodontal diseases (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). For ML degree II, significant differences were observed between the first and second, first and third, first and fourth, second and third, and second and fourth nosological forms (p &lt; 0.05). Analysis of ML degree III also demonstrated a high level of statistically significant differences between the second and third, and second and fourth nosological forms (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). For objective assessment of ML, clinical classification criteria and diagnostic principles were developed that reflect the characteristics of their course depending on the hygienic status of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Unification of fundamental approaches to formulating a clinical diagnosis allows for diff","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13404479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit of Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yedil B Kurakbayev, Kuanysh Umbetov, Yergali Sarsekbayev, Botagoz Turdaliyeva, Lyazat Manzhuova","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.4","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To examine how sociodemographic factors like age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status relate to early precursors of ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), evaluate their distribution among Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) variants, FAB (French-American-British) classification, and comorbidities, and explore associated clinical profiles. Then, assess their significance on therapy outcomes in ICU (intensive care unit) settings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study investigated the association between early detection of critical condition precursors and outcomes in pediatric ALL patients. Data from 188 ICU-admitted children were analyzed, exploring sociodemographic, clinical factors, and ICU outcomes, using SPSS for statistical analysis. Statistical methods included chi-square tests for categorical variables, independent sample t-tests for continuous variables, and multivariate logistic regression to identify prognostic factors influencing ICU outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study on ICU hospitalization of children with ALL revealed several important findings. Of 188 children admitted to the ICU, 98 (52.1%) were aged 8-18 years and 97 (51.6%) were male. Most participants had a weight ≤30 kg (56.9%) and reduced BMI (63.3%). The common ALL variant was most frequent (76, 40.4%). During ICU stay, 50 patients (26.6%) died and 138 (73.4%) were transferred to specialized oncology care. During the study period, 165 (87.8%) patients had a single ICU admission, while 23 (12.2%) experienced two or more ICU admissions. Male patients were more often transferred to oncology care (80/97, 82.5%; P=0.004). Mortality was significantly higher among those with reduced BMI (26/69, 37.7%; P=0.009) and concomitant diseases (15/33, 45.5%; <i>P</i>=0.007). Logistic regression identified male gender (Exp(B)=3.031, P=0.003) and concomitant diseases (Exp(B)=2.538, P=0.033) as significant predictors of adverse outcomes. Re-hospitalization frequency was associated with higher weight (mean 48.9 ± 23.3 kg vs. 27.7 ± 16.2 kg, <i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified key prognostic factors in pediatric ALL patients in the ICU, including gender, concomitant diseases, BMI, relapse, and risk group. These factors significantly influenced mortality and re-hospitalization rates, underscoring the importance of tailored management strategies for improved outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13403882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148604825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}