Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Prognostic and Diagnostic Biomarkers for Glioma Utilizing Immune System Gene Profiling.","authors":"Zahra Haghshenas, Elham Nazari, Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha, Zahra Razzaghi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.49","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 80% of all malignant brain tumors and the most common cause of death that occur as a result of primary brain tumors belong to glioma. Hence, identifying effective biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis can have a significant impact on patient treatment. Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the use of machine learning (ML) to analyze RNAseq data to identify new cancer biomarkers. In this study, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for Glioma were identified through the collection of patient data from the TCGA database and analysis using ML algorithms and bioinformatics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study used ML to analyze ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression profiles from Glioma patients (GBMLGG) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In general, the sample of 1012 patients and 35 controls, which included 613 men and 434 women, was used in this study. Biomarkers of prognosis have been identified using the Kaplan-Meier analysis of survival curves. The coexpression of DEGs, protein-protein interactions (PPIs), and the correlation between DEGs and clinical data were also examined. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine diagnostic markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After normalization and filtering, we identified 3172 DEGs with a log fold change |FC| ≥ 1 and <i>P</i> < 0.0.05. According to a survival analysis, 15 upregulated genes (GRAPL, LOC339240, LOC723809, NODAL, SILV, SPINK8, TAC4, ANG, CD209, F2RL2, LYZ, SLAMF7, psiTPTE22, SFRP4 and DKFZP) and 9 downregulated genes (PCDHGC5, CES8, CHD5, DNAJC6, DNM1, KIRREL3, NCOA7, RASAL1, SNCA) were associated with overall survival (OS). In addition, the ML algorithm identified 20 genes, among which PSD, TUBA4A, and PCDHGC5 were identified as candidates with high correlation coefficients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Generally, our results showed that immune-related genes play a crucial role in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gliomas. Five immune-related genes-including SLAMF7, CD209, TAC4, HLA-DRB68, and LYZ-were found to be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Inflammatory Markers NLR, PLR, IL-6, and HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital Based Study.","authors":"Naira Taban, Mohammad Hayat Bhat, Sheikh Imran Sayeed, Sabhiya Majid, SuhailShafi Lone, Maha Muzaffar, AnamShameem Hakak, Mahpara Nyiem, Haamid Bashir","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with chronic inflammation, reflected by elevated markers like Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Platelet Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR).These inflammatory markers contribute to increased risk of complications related to poor glycemic control in T2DM. Understanding the interplay of metabolic and inflammatory factors in T2DM is crucial for improving prevention, diagnosis, and management strategies. This study was aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of NLR, PLR, IL-6, and HbA1c levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus versus healthy controls within the Kashmiri population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Comparative study was conducted with 600 subjects, comprising 300 T2DM patients and 300 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Biochemical markers including IL-6, NLR, PLR, and HbA1c were measured using standard methods. The association between these markers and glycemic control, obesity, and hematological parameters was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T2DM patients exhibited significantly higher levels of IL-6, NLR, and PLR compared to controls (<i>P</i>=0.001). Obese diabetic patients had markedly elevated inflammatory markers compared to non-obese diabetic patients. Higher HbA1c levels strongly correlated with increased IL-6, NLR, and PLR (<i>P</i>=0.001). IL-6 also showed significant associations with WBC count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, indicating a link between chronic inflammation and hematological disturbances in T2DM.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study concludes that the elevated inflammatory markers in T2DM patients, particularly among obese individuals are closely associated with poor glycemic control reflecting the chronic inflammation in T2DM. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive management approach in T2DM. Regular monitoring of these inflammatory markers may help predict complications and guide therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound and <i>^99mTc-DMSA</i> Scan Versus Voiding Cystourethrography in Diagnosis of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children.","authors":"Elham Zarei, Sepideh Hekmat, Jilla Armandeh, Mahmoud Khodadost, Ahmad Ramezani Farkhani","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.47","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early detection of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is crucial to prevent potential complications such as recurrent urinary tract infections and kidney damage. Noninvasive diagnostic alternatives to voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), such as ultrasound (US) and 99mTc-DMSA scan, offer effective and safe methods for identifying VUR without exposing children to ionizing radiation. This investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy of US and 99mTc-DMSA scan in detecting VUR compared with VCUG among children with urinary tract infection (UTI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational study, we included 540 hospitalized children with UTI in Aliasghar Children`s Hospital between April 2017 and May 2019. US and VCUG were performed on all patients, with 99mTc-DMSA administered to some to detect VUR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, overall accuracy, and kappa agreement were calculated to evaluate ultrasound efficacy in predicting VUR based on VCUG-confirmed existence or nonexistence of VUR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 540 patients, VCUG identified VUR in 143 cases, with 90 (63%) classified as grades III to V. US results were abnormal in 97 of the 143 patients (67.8%) confirmed to have VUR via VCUG, while the 99mTc-DMSA scan showed abnormalities in 41 out of 69 (59%) cases detected by VCUG. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of the 99mTc-DMSA scan for diagnosing VUR were recorded at 59.42% and 46.59%, respectively. For ultrasound, the overall accuracy was 61.30%, with sensitivity at 67.83%, specificity at 58.94%, NPV at 37.31%, and positive predictive value (PPV) at 83.57%. In children with high-grade VUR (grades III-V) as determined by VCUG, the sensitivity, specificity, and NPV for ultrasound were found to be 80%, 58.2%, and 93.60%, respectively. However, when both US and 99mTc-DMSA scan results were utilized for detecting high-grade VUR, the sensitivity, specificity, and NPV were calculated to be 92%, 42.30%, and 93.20%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While both US and the 99mTcDMSA scan are not fully reliable in detecting all grades of VUR individually, integration of US and ^99mTc-DMSA scan demonstrates reliable sensitivity and NPV for effectively excluding high-grade VUR. These findings suggest that in children with normal results from both US and ^99mTc-DMSA scans, there may be no need for VCUG. This approach could significantly reduce unnecessary VCUG procedures, minimizing patient exposure to radiation and enhancing overall diagnostic efficiency in pediatric care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Osteoarthritis Prevention and Management Policies: Lessons for Iran from High-income Countries.","authors":"Pouran Raeissi, Monireh Shamsaei, Ismail Ebrahimi-Takamjani, Hasan Abolghasem Gorgi, Masood Hashemi, Jalal Arabloo, Javad Barzegari","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.46","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA), as one of the most common chronic joint diseases, significantly contributes to the global burden of disability and imposes considerable financial costs on patients and healthcare systems. The prevalence of this disease is increasing rapidly across various countries. This study aimed to examine and compare national policies on the prevention and management of OA in four high-income countries and Iran.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comparative review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google, and the websites of the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and the Ministry of Health of the selected countries from 2000 to 2024. This study utilizes the \"Policy Analysis Triangle\" framework by Walt and Gilson to analyze OA prevention and management policies in the selected countries. Expert interviews and document analysis were used to collect information in Iran. In the data analysis of this section, framework analysis and content analysis were also used through the software MAXQDA-10.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study examined the policies and measures of 5 countries (the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Iran) concerning OA prevention and management. In the United States, the focus is on physical activity, weight management, and healthy diets, supported by the Centers for Disease Control programs and the Arthritis Foundation. Canada implements educational programs and national policies through extensive collaboration between government and nongovernmental organizations. Australia emphasizes improving access to healthcare services and care through the cooperation of various organizations. In the UK, the focus is on prevention and public education, alongside strengthening access to health services. Iran primarily focuses on treatment and pain management, facing challenges such as limited financial resources and public awareness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although there are similarities between OA prevention and management policies in Iran and high-income countries, Iran continues to face significant challenges in primary prevention, policy evaluation, and resource access. By leveraging the experiences of high-income countries and adopting strategies based on assessment and prevention, Iran could significantly improve its policies and reduce the long-term burden of OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Dexamethasone Administration on Labor Progression in Pregnant Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.","authors":"Sonia Ranjbar, Fariba Seyedoshohadaei, Nasrin Soufizadeh, Roya Mardani, Maryam Afraie, Sara Chavoshinezhad, Zeinab Hemati","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.45","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The role of dexamethasone in labor progression during the latent and active phases has been widely debated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on labor progression, delivery outcomes, and neonatal health.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This multicenter, randomized controlled trial included 4 groups of pregnant individuals: (1) the first group-intervention in the active phase receiving dexamethasone; (2) the second group-intervention in the latent phase receiving dexamethasone; (3) the third group-control in the active phase; and (4) the fourth group-control in the latent phase. Participants were randomly assigned to each group. The primary outcomes were time from the latent phase to the active phase, duration of active labor, cervical dilation rate, and time from intervention to delivery. Secondary outcomes included cesarean section rate, adverse events (vaginal bleeding, fetal heart rate [FHR)] decelerations), and neonatal outcomes (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration [APGAR] scores and neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admissions). Statistical analyses included 1-way analysis of variance for normally distributed variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normally distributed variables, chi-square and Fisher exact tests for categorical data, and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 120 participants were enrolled, with 75 in each group. The first group had the shortest time from the latent to active phase (4.85 hours, 95% CI: 4.32-5.38) and the shortest duration of active labor (1.91 hours, 95% CI: 1.52-2.30), compared to the other groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Cervical dilation rate was also highest in the first group (2.57 cm/hour, 95% CI: 2.13-3.01), significantly faster than in other groups (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The first group demonstrated the shortest time from intervention to delivery compared with the second and third groups (7.21 hours, 95% CI: 6.31-8.11), significantly shorter than the second (9.32 hours, 95% CI: 8.23-10.41) and third groups (9.05 hours, 95% CI: 8.15-9.95) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in cesarean section rates despite the differences in labor times and progression (5% overall, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.320), with the second group having the lowest rate (0%) and the first group the lowest among interventions (3.33%). Adverse events, including vaginal bleeding and FHR decelerations, were rare and did not show significant differences. Neonatal APGAR scores were high across all groups (1 minute: 9, 95% CI: 8.8-9.2; 5 minutes: 10, 95% CI: 9.9-10), with no significant differences between groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Dexamethasone administration during the active phase of labor significantly shortened the time from the latent phase to active labor, reduced the duration of active labor, and enhanced cervical dilation rate, without adversely affecting neonatal health or increas","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Response of Rectal Cancer Chemoradiation with and without Low-Dose Aspirin.","authors":"Kambiz Novin, Nafiseh Mortazavi, Pedram Fadavi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer poses a significant global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is standard for rectal adenocarcinoma to improve surgical outcomes and reduce recurrence, yet the overall treatment efficacy remains inadequate. This study investigates the effects of low-dose aspirin as an adjunct therapy during neoadjuvant CRT in rectal cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This non-randomized controlled trial included 90 patients with histologically confirmed Stage II or III rectal adenocarcinoma, allocated into two arms (45 each) receiving standard neoadjuvant CRT with or without 100 mg of daily oral aspirin. Primary outcomes included pathological complete response (pCR) rates, while secondary outcomes encompassed tumor regression grade (TRG) and tumor down-staging. Safety was assessed by monitoring aspirin-related adverse events. Comparisons between groups for the primary outcome and secondary outcomes were performed using chi-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The aspirin group exhibited a significantly higher pCR rate of 26.6% compared to 17.7% in the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Down-staging analysis indicated favorable outcomes in the aspirin compared to the control arm (47% vs. 24%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). No significant adverse events related to aspirin were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low-dose aspirin enhances the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer patients, leading to improved pCR and tumor down-staging with minimal toxicity. These findings support aspirin's potential as a cost-effective adjunct to standard treatment protocols, warranting further investigation in larger trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Radiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer (2014-2023): A Scientometric Approach.","authors":"Iman Menbari Oskouie, Naghmeh Khavandgar, Hediyeh Alemi, Heydar Ali Mardani-Fard, Azadeh AleTaha, Amir-Hossein Mousavian, Nooshin Zomorodian, Ali Rahimi, Fattaneh Khalaj, Akbar Soltani, Majid Sorouri, Shirin Djalalinia, Amir Kasaeian","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.43","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Approximately 1,000,000 cases and 769,000 deaths from gastric cancer (GC) occurred in 2020, making it the fourth most prevalent reason for cancer-related fatalities. The objective of this study was to examine the use of radiation therapy (RT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in GC using a quantitative and scientometric method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in the Scopus database for articles on RT and CRT in GC from 2014 to 2023. We utilized the VOSviewer tool for a scientometric analysis covering various aspects such as countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study incorporated 15,036 articles related to the subject. China emerged as the top contributor, with the United States and Japan following. A significant positive correlation was found between the article output of countries on RT and CRT in GC and gross domestic product (GDP) and total wealth index, with correlation coefficients of 0.749 and 0.6921, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The forefront of institutional contribution was marked by the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. J.A. Ajani from the USA stands out as the most prolific author in this field, having published 112 articles. The leading journal was <i>Frontiers in Oncology</i>, and the most cited article in this domain was authored by Smyth, E.C., in 2020, in <i>The Lancet</i>. Author keywords revealed 6 clusters, with \"Esophageal cancer\" (655 mentions) and \"Gastric cancer\" (379 mentions) being the most prevalent.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pioneering scientometric study provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on RT and CRT about GC, evaluating the scholarly output in this field over the past decade. It can be concluded that this research topic has gained significant attention since 2016. While international collaborations are taking place worldwide, there is a need for more support and the expansion of research on RT and CRT in GC, especially in less developed countries. This study provides support to healthcare practitioners, researchers, and surgical aides regarding the global outcomes of RT and CRT in GC investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309325/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Clinical Competence of Nursing Students Through the Integration of Microlearning and Spaced Learning: An Action Research Study.","authors":"Masoumeh Fuladovandi, Shirin Hasanvand, Shirin Ghazi, Masoumeh Abdi, Elaha Sarlak","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.42","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nursing students require high clinical competence to become proficient and effective nurses. This study aimed to enhance the clinical competence of nursing students through the integration of microlearning and spaced learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This action research was conducted from 2022 to 2023 in 3 consecutive groups at the School of Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Participants included nursing students, faculty members, specialist nurses, and novice nurses. The study utilized Elliott's action research model over 2 cycles. In the first cycle, semistructured interviews with stakeholders were conducted to describe the current situation. Based on the results, appropriate strategies for improving clinical competence were planned and implemented. After evaluation and feedback, strengths and weaknesses were identified. In the second cycle, a new plan was developed to address the identified weaknesses, implemented, and reevaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the semistructured interviews, 4 main categories emerged: (1) lack of practical experience, (2) deficiencies in clinical education and guidance, (3) stress in clinical environments, and (4) gaps in educational programs. Actions in the first cycle included the integration of microlearning and spaced learning. The second cycle focused on improving feedback, utilizing electronic tools, increasing group feedback sessions, employing a learning management system, and conducting periodic evaluations. Results indicated that integrating these methods could enhance the clinical competence of nursing students.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Integrating modern educational methods such as microlearning and spaced learning can significantly improve nursing students' clinical skills and understanding. Future studies should explore these methods further, emphasizing multimedia, virtual tools, and continuous hands-on practice to enhance clinical education.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of the Role of CT Angiocardiography in Enhancing the Diagnosis and Management of Truncus Arteriosus.","authors":"Aigerim Ganiyeva, Raushan Rakhimzhanova, Tairkhan Dautov, Zhanar Abdrakhmanova, Zhanar Kozhakhmetova, Asel Almusina, Abay Naldibek","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.41","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Truncus arteriosus represents a complex congenital heart disease, and accurate diagnostic imaging should be followed to provide adequate treatment. Computerized tomography (CT) angiography has thus been identified as a valuable technique for diagnosing, assessing surgical procedures, and tracking post-operative results in patients with these conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, plus Google Scholar were searched for potential studies addressing diagnostic accuracy, planning prior to surgery, and follow-up after surgery. In this review, analysis was undertaken for data retrieved from several CT angiocardiography cases to demonstrate the benefits of the technique and its efficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CT angiocardiography is superior to conventional angiography in that it is non-invasive and has high-resolution three-dimensional imaging, which improves the diagnostic ability of truncus arteriosus and the assessment of associated anomalies. It enhances preoperative planning since it presents a highly detailed map of the human body, thus enabling the surgeon to map out the planned operations and, at the same time, anticipate any complications. This approach is valuable because postoperative evaluation with CT angiocardiography is used to determine the success of surgical operations as well as identify residual defects or complications that may occur in the future and which would lead to reduced success.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through the use of CT angiocardiography, managing patients with truncus arteriosus has become easier owing to the high diagnostic precision provided by the technique, as well as the assistance in proper surgical planning and postoperative monitoring. Clinical Practice messages include a call to incorporate CT in Pre-operative & follow-up evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Tourism in Enhancing Domains of Health for Seniors: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Vali Bahrevar, Nasibeh Zanjari, Saeed Hosseini, Mojtaba Fattahi Ardakani, Sadegh Kazemi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.39.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.39.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Old age is one of the critical stages of human life, encompassing a significant portion of people's lives in society. During this period, the elderly face various challenges, such as health conditions. As one of the important sectors, the tourism industry has gained considerable popularity among the elderly for promoting health. Therefore, this review study was conducted to examine the role of tourism in the health status of the elderly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review was conducted according to Arksey and O'Malley (2005). In this scoping review, a systematic search was conducted for studies with any type of design on the role, impact, and consequences of tourism on the elderly. The search covered studies in both Persian and English languages from 1984 to 2023 across databases and search engines-including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IranMedex, IRANDOC, Google Scholar, MAGIRAN, and SID-using the keywords \"tourism, old person, senior, aged, aging, elderly, older adults, old age\" and their Persian equivalents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 7454 studies identified in the initial search, 23 articles on aging and tourism were finally reviewed based on the inclusion criteria. The studies investigated the role and impact of tourism on health in 3 ways: mixed methods, quantitative, and qualitative. In qualitative studies, the experiences of elderly people with tourism were examined, while quantitative studies explored tourism's predictive role as an independent variable and its correlation with various dimensions of health. The results of the quantitative studies showed that tourism improved the physical health of the elderly. The mean scores for cognitive function, daily activities, and vitality were reported to be higher among elderly tourists compared to nontourists. Additionally, the quality of life and well-being scores of elderly individuals who engaged in tourism were significantly higher compared to those who did not. Tourism experiences for the elderly were often associated with better life satisfaction, a sense of peace, and purpose in life.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results, tourism can improve the health and quality of life of the elderly. Given the importance of tourism, it is recommended that the tourism industry and its marketing for the elderly be prioritized as a target group. Additionally, to promote the tourism industry, special attention should be given to the specific needs and welfare issues of the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"39 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12309315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}