Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran最新文献

{"title":"Does Fine Motor Performance under Single and Dual Task Conditions Predict Participation in Children with Specific Learning Disabilities? A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Sara Zamiran, Mahnaz Hejazi-Shirmard, Monire Nobahar Ahari, Arina Nasiri, Farid Zayeri","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.40.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with specific learning disabilities (SLD) often experience difficulties in activities of daily living that are essential for independence. Fine motor skills, particularly under dual-task conditions, are crucial for facilitating participation in these activities. This study compared fine motor performance under single and dual-task conditions between children with SLD and their typically developing peers, and examined the associations between task performance and participation in activities of daily living.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 124 elementary students, including children with SLD and their typically developing peers (TDs), were recruited for this cross-sectional comparative study. Participants completed the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT), and their participation in activities of daily living was assessed using the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT). Independent t-tests, correlations, and regressions were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 62 children with SLD and 62 typically developing peers participated, with a mean age of 9.41 years (SD=1.02). Children with SLD performed significantly worse in both single-task and dual‑task conditions and showed lower participation compared to their typically developing peers (<i>P</i><0.05). However, no significant associations were identified between task performance and participation (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that children with SLD exhibit deficits in fine motor performance, particularly under dual-task conditions, indicating increased sensitivity to cognitive load. Therefore, special attention should be given to training fine motor skills in both single and dual-task conditions for these children. Additionally, the factors affecting these children's participation require specific examination.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interobserver Agreement in Transthoracic Echocardiography between Cardiology Residents and Attending Cardiologists: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Soroush Mostafavi, Leila Nojoomizadeh, Hamzeh Habibi, Arefeh Samanifard, Aynaz Panahi, Sara Bakhtiari, Abdolfattah Mohtashami, Seyede Saba Mostafavi Montazeri, Seyedeh Sarvin Mostafavi Montazeri, Pegah Joghataie, Mahboubeh Pazoki","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.40.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is essential for making clinical decisions regarding cardiovascular disorders. Cardiology trainees frequently conduct and interpret TTE examinations; however, discrepancies between their interpretations and those of attending cardiologists can impact patient management. The objective of this study was to assess the concordance between cardiology trainees and attending cardiologists in the interpretation of TTE findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 374 inpatients and outpatients referred to for TTE examinations. TTE studies were independently performed by second- and third-year cardiology residents, followed by reassessment by fellowship-trained attending cardiologists. The agreement of categorical variables was analyzed using Cohen's kappa coefficient, while the agreement of quantitative parameters was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was good to excellent agreement between residents and attending evaluators for most parameters, including Pericardial Effusion (PE) (κ = 0.929), Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) (κ = 0.919), and Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) (κ = 0.908). Moderate agreement was observed for Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) (κ = 0.496) and Bicuspid Aortic Valve (κ = 0.565). Quantitative measures demonstrated excellent reliability for Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) (ICC = 0.949), Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP) (ICC = 0.981), Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE) (ICC = 0.984), and Tricuspid Regurgitation Gradient (TRG) (ICC = 0.975).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Majority of the echocardiographic indices were interpreted reliably by the cardiologists-in-training. However, lower levels of agreement in the interpretation of ASD and aortic valve morphology indicate that additional training on structurally complex cardiac conditions is necessary to enhance the reliability of interpretations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interdisciplinary Evaluation of Urogenital Radiological Findings: Human Expert vs Multimodal Generative AI Classification Performance.","authors":"Büşra Asena Torun, Alpkon Torun, Mustafa Serdar Çağlayan","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.40.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multimodal generative artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly evaluated for medical image classification, but their performance in interdisciplinary urogenital radiological assessment remains uncertain. This study aimed to compare the overall and domain-specific classification performance and uncertainty patterns of two domain-specific human specialists and three multimodal generative AI systems in a standardized single-image urogenital radiology task.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This exploratory pilot comparative study evaluated 60 publicly available anonymized radiological cases selected from Radiopaedia, including 20 urological anomaly/variation cases, 20 gynecological anomaly/variation cases, and 20 normal anatomy cases. Two human specialists and three multimodal AI systems (GPT-4o, Gemini 1.5 Pro, and Microsoft Copilot) independently classified randomized single images into predefined categories under blinded conditions. Overall accuracy was summarized with 95% confidence intervals, while domain-specific accuracy and uncertain/unable-to-classify responses were analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall accuracy was highest for Gemini 1.5 Pro (36/60, 60.0%; 95% CI, 47.4-71.4), followed by the urologist (34/60, 56.7%; 95% CI, 44.1-68.4), GPT-4o (31/60, 51.7%; 95% CI, 39.3-63.8), the gynecologic oncologist (29/60, 48.3%; 95% CI, 36.2-60.7), and Copilot (19/60, 31.7%; 95% CI, 21.3-44.2). Human specialists performed best within their own domains. Gemini performed strongly in urological and gynecological categories but had low normal-category accuracy (2/20, 10.0%), suggesting overclassification.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this standardized single-image pilot task, multimodal AI systems showed potential as supportive classification tools but also demonstrated clinically relevant limitations, particularly false-positive interpretation of normal anatomy. These findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating and not as evidence of autonomous diagnostic capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Minor and Major Surgeries in Patients with COVID19.","authors":"Amir Molaei, Shahrzad Izadi, Mohammad Nozare, Fatemeh Paknazar, Hamid Reza Hemmati","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.70","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.70","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 has significantly affected surgical care, leading to increased rates of emergency interventions in hospitalized patients. Understanding the frequency and types of minor and major surgeries in this population is essential for planning and resource allocation during pandemics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess frequency of minor and major surgeries in patients with COVID19.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included patients with COVID-19 who underwent minor or major surgeries in Kowsar Semnan Hospital during 2018-2019. Data were collected using a structured checklist encompassing demographic and clinical characteristics extracted from patients' medical records. Data were analyzed using SPSS26 software. Descriptive statistics including mean (±SD) and frequency (%) were applied, and analytical comparisons were performed using appropriate statistical tests with a significance level of <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ages (±SD) of men and women were 63.37 (±18.38) and 65.64 (±18.79) years, respectively. Overall, 74% of patients were hospitalized in the ICU and 26% in the general ward. Among minor procedures, central venous catheter insertion and Shaldon catheter placement were most frequent (58.2% and 43%, respectively). Orthopedic, general, thoracic, and neurosurgical procedures were the most common major surgeries (6%, 4.7%, 2.7%, and 2.3%, respectively). The frequency of minor surgeries in men hospitalized in the ICU was higher than in women. Similarly, major surgeries-including orthopedic, neurological, urological, vascular, and plastic interventions-were more frequent in men.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this cohort of COVID-19 patients, central venous catheterization and Shaldon catheter insertion were the predominant minor procedures, whereas orthopedic, general, thoracic, and neurosurgical operations were the leading major surgeries. Ensuring adequate preparedness for these interventions is essential during epidemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676758/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leptin Insensitivity in NAFLD Is Produced by Oxidative Stress and Cytokine Overexpression.","authors":"Mohammad Hussein Abnosi, Ahmed Hashim Abbas Al-Janabi, Muhaimin Mustafa Shihatah Al-Saeed","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.69","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis is caused by an imbalance in the biochemistry and immunology of the liver. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in the serum concerning leptin concentration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was carried out on 67 females, including 20 healthy and 47 patients diagnosed by liver scan. Anthropometric analysis and routine biochemical tests, including alanine and aspartate transaminase, triglycerides, cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and their ratio, were carried out. Also, the concentration of malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity concentration as well as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase, were estimated. In addition, the concentration of leptin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α was analyzed. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test, with <i>P</i><0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with NAFLD had significantly higher BMI (33.63±6.37 kg/m² vs. 25.33±2.53 kg/m²), waist circumference (90.6±9.85 cm vs. 81.38±5.44 cm), and hip circumference (93.43±10.06 cm vs. 86.14±5.57 cm) compared with controls (<i>P</i><0.05). Their lipid profile showed elevated triglycerides (209.12±73.41 mg/dl vs. 121.19±38.51 mg/dl) and cholesterol (229.73±43.42 mg/dl vs. 171.19±22.91 mg/dl), as well as a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (30%). Although total antioxidant capacity did not differ (<i>P</i>>0.05), MDA levels were significantly increased from controls (1.01±0.22 nmol/L) to Grade 1 (1.24±0.41 nmol/L), Grade 2 (1.33±0.32 nmol/L), and Grade 3 NAFLD (1.43±0.44 nmol/L), while SOD, CAT, and GPx activities were reduced (all <i>P</i><0.05). IL 6, TNF α, and leptin concentrations were markedly elevated from grade 1 to 3, with the highest at Grade 3 (17.63±10.19 pg/mL, 104.63 ± 14.43 ng/mL, and 2.23±0.92 μg/mL, respectively, for each one; <i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although leptin controls fat metabolism via satiety, results revealed that the overproduction of leptin might be a consequence of oxidative stress and inflammatory response to fat accumulation in the liver. Therefore, measuring leptin along with IL-6 and TNF-α might help to diagnose liver injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Renoprotective Effect of Pirfenidone And Silymarin in Acute Kidney Injury Through Targeting miRNA 21.","authors":"Noha Samir Abdel Latif, Tayee E M, Alsayed A Abdelhady, Manal H Albadawi, Abeer Abdelkader, Mostafa Ezz El-Din, Ahmed Mohammed Taha","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.68","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pirfenidone (PFD) and silymarin (SIL) have demonstrated diverse pharmacological activities and investigated for their renoprotective potential in acute kidney injury (AKI). Their mechanisms involve antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and microRNA mediated pathways. This study evaluated their efficacy against folic acid induced AKI, with emphasis on modulation of miRNA 21.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>24 adult male albino rats were selected and distributed into four groups . Group 1 (Control): 6 rats received NaHCO3. To induce AKI in the remaining rats, a single dose of folic acid was administered intraperitoneally (250 mg/Kg). Rats were randomly distributed among groups consisting of: Group 2 (50 mg of folic acid was administered intraperitoneally); Group 3 (Administered folic acid and orally treated with pirfenidone at a dosage of 500 mg/kg/day); Group 4 (Administered folic acid and orally treated with silymarin 200 mg/kg/day). Both drugs were administered for three days prior to AKI induction and continued for four days thereafter, the all rats were sacrificed, blood samples were drawn, and renal tissues were harvested for renal function, oxidative stress markers, cytokines (TNF α, TGF β, IL 10), and miRNA 21 expression assessment. Histopathological changes were evaluated by H&E and PAS staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Folic acid significantly elevated serum creatinine (2.68±0.10 vs. 0.70±0.06 in controls), urea (83.06±2.97 vs. 30.51±3.55), MDA (3.78±0.19 vs. 1.02±0.07), TNFα (137.36±4.98 vs. 42.15±3.12), and miRNA‑21 (2.64±0.13 vs. 1.01±0.05; <i>P</i><0.050), while reducing SOD (0.64±0.05 vs. 1.92±0.08) and IL‑10 (4.39±0.29 vs. 19.87±1.42). Pirfenidone improved renal function (creatinine 1.76±0.04, urea 64.77±1.56), oxidative stress (MDA 2.30±0.04, SOD 1.56±0.09), and cytokines (TNFα 82.28±2.78, IL‑10 18.19±1.49). Silymarin produced significantly greater recovery than pirfenidone, with lower creatinine (1.47±0.05 vs. 1.76±0.04; <i>P</i>≤0.050), lower urea (56.89±5.05 vs. 64.77±1.56; <i>P</i>≤0.050), lower MDA (2.07±0.09 vs. 2.30±0.04; <i>P</i>≤0.050), lower TNFα (72.02±3.44 vs. 82.28±2.78; <i>P</i>≤0.050), and reduced miRNA‑21 (1.83±0.05 vs. 2.12±0.07; <i>P</i>≤0.050), alongside higher SOD (1.79±0.06 vs. 1.56±0.09; <i>P</i>≤0.050) and IL‑10 (21.8±1.54 vs. 18.19±1.49; <i>P</i>≤0.050). Histology confirmed near normal architecture in silymarin treated rats compared to partial recovery with pirfenidone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both pirfenidone and silymarin attenuate folic acid-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) through antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and miRNA 21 modulating effects. Silymarin demonstrated more protective effect. These findings support silymarin as a promising candidate for nephroprotection and warrant further mechanistic investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Pediatric Early Warning Scores (PEWS) in Determining PICU Transfer Necessity and Length of Stay.","authors":"Neda Ashayeri, Motahareh Aghajani Delavar, Elahe Hosseini, Azar Mohammadzadeh, Arash Mohazzab, Atefeh Velayati","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.67","DOIUrl":"10.47176/mjiri.40.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early identification of clinical deterioration in hospitalized children remains a major challenge, particularly in determining the need for Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) transfer. Pediatric Early Warning Scores (PEWS) have been proposed as a tool to support clinical decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the association between PEWS and PICU transfer, as well as patient outcomes in hospitalized children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included all children hospitalized in the wards or referred to the emergency department of Aliasghar Hospital who required a PICU consultation from September 2023 to February 2024. A pediatrician independently completed the PEWS for each child before the PICU consultation. The outcomes measured were transfer to the PICU, length of stay (LOS) in the PICU, duration of ward hospitalization, and mortality. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, Chi-square test, and post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. Multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the independent effect of PEWS on PICU transfer, with results expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Model performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 169 children were included (mean (SD) age: 5.00 (4.65) years; 103 [60.9%] male). The mean (SD) LOS was 4.42 (3.97) days in the ward and 8.54 (6.98) days in the PICU. The mean PEWS was 6.90 (2.22), with 112 (66.3%) patients classified as red and 9 (5.3%) as green. Nine patients (9/169, 5.3%), all in the red category, died during hospitalization. Higher PEWS scores were significantly associated with increased odds of PICU transfer (OR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.79-5.63, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Transfer rates increased across PEWS categories, reaching 100% in the red group. Significant differences in PICU LOS were observed across PEWS severity groups, with patients in the red category having longer stays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PEWS is a valuable tool for early detection of deterioration, but should not be used alone for PICU transfer decisions. Clinical context, underlying diagnoses, and ongoing assessment must be considered alongside PEWS scores for effective patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Validation of a Self-Reported Functional Outcomes Tool for Children with Extremity Tumors: Translation into Persian and Assessment of the Reliability and Validity of the pTESS-Leg Questionnaire.","authors":"Khodamorad Jamshidi, Khalil Kargar Shooroki, Bushra Zareie, Mohammad Mohammadi, Sam Hajialiloo Sami, Babak Toloue Ghamari, Seyyed Saeed Khabiri, Shahabaldin Beheshti Fard","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.40.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With the advancements in treatment for limb sarcomas, including limb preservation and functional restoration, it is essential to assess the functional status of pediatric patients. This study aims to translate and validate the Pediatric Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (pTESS-Leg) questionnaire for children with extremity tumors into Persian.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methodology involved a forward and backward translation process, followed by a review from an expert committee to ensure cultural relevance. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and Spearman correlation for test-retest reliability. Validity was evaluated through the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings indicated acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95) and significant test-retest reliability across all questions. The CVR reached 100% for all items, indicating adequate content validity. These results affirm that the Persian version of the pTESS-Leg tool is a reliable and valid measure for assessing functional outcomes in children following treatment for extremity tumors, facilitating improved evaluation and comparison of patient outcomes in clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Persian version of the pTESS-Leg questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for assessing functional outcomes in children with extremity tumors. This study highlights the importance of culturally adapting assessment instruments to enhance treatment outcome evaluations and facilitate comparisons across studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Success and Safety of Isolated Cup Revision Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Javad Khaje Mozafari, Ali Yeganeh","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.40.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Isolated acetabular revision arthroplasty is increasingly performed as the number of primary total hip arthroplasties rises and implant longevity is challenged. Although this procedure avoids the morbidity associated with full-component revision, concerns remain regarding instability, osteolysis, and long-term implant survival. Previous reviews have not specifically synthesized clinical, radiological, and functional results of isolated acetabular revision based on implant type, surgical approach, and patient-related factors. The current review intends to summarize the clinical, radiological, and functional results of isolated acetabular revision surgeries while focusing on the effectiveness of different surgical approaches, implant types, and patient factors used to improve postoperative results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to January 2025. The entire review process adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Two independent reviewers conducted screening, critical appraisal, and data extraction. Eligibility criteria included adult patients undergoing isolated acetabular revision with a well-fixed femoral stem. Risk of bias was evaluated using RoB-2 for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for observational studies. Narrative synthesis was performed to integrate clinical, radiological, and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial search yielded 1154 records. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Functional outcomes improved significantly (HHS increased from 48-50 to 86-88 across studies). Dislocation rates ranged from 0-7%, with lower rates in dual-mobility cups. Implant survival was 95-98% at 10-15 years. Radiological evaluation demonstrated high rates of osteointegration and low rates of cup loosening among contemporary cementless implants. Long-term survival ranged from 95% to 98% at 10-15 years. Heterogeneity in study design, surgical approach, and implant type was observed, and the overall risk of bias was moderate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Isolated acetabular revision arthroplasty provides significant functional improvement, reliable radiographic outcomes, and high implant survival when the femoral stem is stable. Modern cementless and dual-mobility components appear to reduce instability and enhance osteointegration. Further well-designed prospective studies with standardized outcome reporting are needed to refine indications and optimize long-term results.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Decade of Discovery: Methodological Innovation, Capacity Building, and Global Leadership in Hidden Population Research in Iran.","authors":"Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Hamid Sharifi, Yunes Jahani, Saiedeh Haji-Maghsoudi, Mohammad Reza Baneshi","doi":"10.47176/mjiri.40.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.40.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the early 2010s, Iran lacked reliable estimates of key populations at increased risk of HIV, including people who inject drugs, female sex workers, and men who have sex with men. This information gap limited evidence-based planning, resource allocation, and monitoring of HIV prevention programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This paper reviews the development and achievements of Iran's population size estimation program over more than a decade. Drawing on program records, published studies, training activities, and policy contributions, we summarise the program's impact across research, education, and policy domains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Research centres structured under the Institute for Futures Studies in Health (affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences) combined expertise in modelling and public health to establish a national population size estimation program. The program generated population size estimates for key populations across Iran, produced a substantial body of scientific evidence, trained researchers and public health practitioners, strengthened institutional capacity, and contributed to HIV-related policy and planning. Its standing was further reinforced through regional recognition of the HIV/STI Surveillance Research Centre as a World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Iranian population size estimation program demonstrates how sustained collaboration between modelling and public health researchers can generate evidence, build national capacity, strengthen institutions, and support public health policy. The program provides a model for developing similar initiatives in other settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18361,"journal":{"name":"Medical Journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"40 ","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13659696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}