Materials Today Sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Radio frequency energy harvesting: A review on progress and development, applications, and sustainability benefits","authors":"Muhammed Kallumottakkal ,&nbsp;Rizwan A. Farade ,&nbsp;Mohammad Jawaid ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Al Ahmad ,&nbsp;Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab ,&nbsp;T.M. Yunus Khan ,&nbsp;Abdul Saddique Shaik","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radio Frequency (RF) energy harvesting is a promising approach to convert ambient RF signals into electrical power suitable for low-energy devices. The exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) has made long-term power solutions important research. This review discusses cutting-edge research on RF energy harvesting, particularly antenna design, which is crucial for maximizing energy efficiency. To deliver a structured analysis, antennas are categorized according to their frequency bands, ports, elements, and polarization modes. The performance metrics—gain, bandwidth, efficiency, and size—are evaluated and analysed in light of practical applications such as healthcare, IoT, mobile communication, and wearable systems. A design-application mapping table and wearable health monitoring case study demonstrate the technology's practicality. This review compares recent designs, discusses design trade-offs, analyses application-specific bottlenecks, and addresses issues related to fabrication challenges for body-worn and flexible systems. Moreover, promotes sustainability through decreased battery dependence, autonomous operation, and reduced electronic waste. Finally, outlines existing limitations and future works focusing on power conversion efficiency, bandwidth upgradability, dynamic range, and key controversies and technological breakthroughs. This paper further elaborates its findings to guide future antenna designs and system integration evolution towards sustainable RF energy harvesting applications for next-generation wireless and IoT applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101291"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating hydrogen technology adoption in Airlines: A game theory approach to achieving carbon neutrality in airlines by 2050","authors":"Shaoheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Shon Ming","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how hydrogen technologies can be strategically implemented in the air transportation industry to enable the world to meet the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050. Green aviation transition is a crucial avenue for sustainability transformation in the transportation sector, as the aviation sector currently accounts for 2–3 % of global CO₂ emissions and could increase rapidly without technological intervention. Hydrogen-powered aircraft can provide a sustainable aviation solution, with zero direct emissions and energy density benefits over other low-carbon technologies such as battery-electric propulsion, which is still constrained by weight and distances in commercial aviation. Drawing on examples of airlines and airport operators, the study constructs a transport-based analytical framework grounded in cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and evolutionary game theory (EGT) to assess the dynamic decision-making process underlying technology transitions. The Model represents the decision of transport stakeholders to use conventional fuels, such as kerosene (KER), or hydrogen fuels. It starts with a two-player game in which one player is an airport and the other an airline, to analyses the game, and then extends to network-based EGT Model tuned using empirical evidence on short-haul transport routes. The paper assesses three hydrogen integration conditions for hydrogen-powered ground support units and for complete hydrogen-powered aircraft, considering different traffic volumes and turnaround times to represent real transport operations. The results reveal that only fully hydrogen-powered air transport systems can achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, and that such systems would require commercial feasibility by 2030. Intermediate technologies, such as fuel-cell configurations, are less feasible due to higher operational costs and lower energy conversion efficiency. The research analyses policy tools, including subsidies and carbon taxes. It concludes that they are functionally identical in reducing adoption levels and accelerating the dissemination of technology across the transport network. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the significant determinants of adoption success are traffic volume and the carbon price (&gt;€120/tCO₂). High-volume routes achieve full hydrogen adoption 45–60 years sooner than low-volume routes and strategic route prioritization must be central to sustainable aviation transitions. These observations are consistent with the current changing regulatory regime, including the European Union package on Fit 55 and the updated Energy Taxation Directive, which promote the use of cleaner energy in aviation. The study notes the need to focus on specific transport policies, infrastructure incentives, and sustained R&amp;D investment to make a commercially viable hydrogen-powered air transport future a reality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101316"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146169936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation shielding properties of Fe-Cu@cellulose composites synthesised via sol-gel method for sustainable X-ray protection","authors":"Ali Alomari ,&nbsp;Heryanto Heryanto ,&nbsp;Dahlang Tahir ,&nbsp;Muh Ade Artasasta ,&nbsp;Ahmed Akouibaa ,&nbsp;Abdelillah Akouibaa ,&nbsp;Mohammad I. Abualsayed ,&nbsp;Yasser Maghrbi","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing use of X-rays requires the advancement of radiation protection materials to mitigate the negative effects associated with X-ray exposure. Here, cellulose-based composites were successfully developed with metal (Fe and Cu) as filler, and PVA as an adhesive via sol-gel methods. The enhanced performance of the samples in X-ray shielding was supported by changes in structural-optical properties, such as a high crystallinity index, reduced crystallite size, and broadened phonon modes. The findings in this study show that the 30Fe-70Cu@Cel sample has the highest ability to reduce X-ray radiation, where the performance is attributed to the increase in distance <span><math><mrow><mo>Δ</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mrow><mi>L</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>T</mi><mi>O</mi></mrow><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span>, the increase in peaks in <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>ε</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math></span>, and higher ELF. The enhanced results of LAC and MAC obtained were (0.33 ± 0.01) cm⁻¹ and (1.02 ± 0.02) cm²/g, respectively, at 80 keV X-ray energy with a thickness of (0.108 ± 0.01) cm. Additionally, the experimental calculation results were compared with the theoretical calculation using the XCOM database, demonstrating a strong agreement. Based on the results obtained, cellulose fibers loaded with Fe and Cu could be a material that is effective in X-ray shielding, lightweight, flexible, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101309"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards efficient production and application of bacterial cellulose: the progress from conventional to advanced production","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Wai Yan Cheah ,&nbsp;Sirasit Srinuanpan ,&nbsp;Eng-Poh Ng ,&nbsp;Joon Ching Juan ,&nbsp;Tau Chuan Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial cellulose is a water-insoluble polysaccharide, and is gaining increasing attention for its high purity and ultra-fine network structure. It has been widely used in food, biomedicine, and many other industries. However, low microbial productivity and high fermentation bioreactor costs primarily limit its production and application. It could be the limited efficient breeding of high-yielding strains and the understanding of its biosynthesis mechanism. Metabolic engineering and genetic engineering reveal the molecular structure of bacterial cellulose-specific, and its molecular theories for biosynthesis <em>in vivo</em>, transport and supramolecular assembly <em>in vitro</em>. The high-yield strains, and the bacterial cellulose of structural and functional performance, can be regulated by effective breeding, genetics, metabolism modifications. Owing to recent progress in genomics and metabolism, different bacterial strains are designed by overexpression or knockdown, for both increasing its productivity and improving key properties such as mechanical strength and thermal stability. This review comprehensively evaluates the breeding methods of bacterial cells, and how biosynthesis, regulation, and application are governed at the molecular scale. It further discusses the bottlenecks of its production, both by analyzing the characteristics of high-yield strains and combining traditional methods with genetic engineering to regulate its biosynthesis and secretion. Overall, this review provides an updated and clear understanding of the bacterial cellulose synthesis network for production and modification, and it provides valuable ideas for continuous bacterial cellulose-related research and ultimately for its effective production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101299"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methane oxidation on ion-doped ceria catalysts","authors":"Zuo Li ,&nbsp;Mohamed N. Marei ,&nbsp;Yushi Leng ,&nbsp;Brian S. Haynes ,&nbsp;Alejandro Montoya","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the oxidation of methane (CH₄) on platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) ion-doped cerium dioxide (CeO₂) catalysts through a multidisciplinary methodology that integrates continuous-flow experimental observations, density functional theory (DFT) modelling, and micro-kinetic analysis. Incorporating Pt or Pd in ionic form into the CeO₂ reduces the CH₄ oxidation by approximately 100∼150 K compared to undoped CeO₂. Under fuel-lean conditions, the reaction kinetics are predominantly influenced by CH₄ concentration, exhibiting first-order kinetics, while the dependence on O₂ is zero-order. DFT calculations reveal that CH₄ dehydrogenation proceeds via hydrogen extraction from surface lattice oxygen, with the doping species facilitating increased reactivity between carbon atoms and lattice oxygen, thus generating carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The energy profiles obtained from DFT indicate that the rate-limiting steps involve the initial dehydrogenation of CH₄ and water formation through surface lattice oxygen extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of sustainable approaches for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots-polymer nanocomposites","authors":"Binu P. Senanayake,&nbsp;Daniel S. Eldridge,&nbsp;François Malherbe","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are emerging innovative materials with distinctive optical and electronic properties, making them highly promising for diverse applications, including optoelectronic devices like photovoltaic cells and LEDs, as well as advanced biomedical sensors that can revolutionize healthcare diagnostics and monitoring. The growing emphasis on sustainable development implies the adoption of environmentally responsible approaches to minimize ecological footprints of any innovative technology. This review critically examines the synthesis of CQDs via both conventional and emerging methodologies, with particular emphasis on quantum yield, surface passivation, and functional group tunability. Among the most sustainable approaches is the valorisation of waste-derived precursors—including agricultural residues, food waste, and industrial by-products—which mitigates environmental pollution and enables cost-effective and scalable CQD production. The production of CQD-polymer nanocomposites is highlighted as a major development as their mechanical robustness, thermal stability, and multifunctionality, are significantly improved thereby expanding their potential across various technological domains. Recent advancements in green synthesis techniques for these nanocomposites relate to the use of renewable, bio-based polymers, benign solvents, and low-energy fabrication processes. These strategies are aligned with circular economy principles and contribute to the development of safer, more sustainable nanomaterials. In the area of wastewater treatment, CQD-based nanocomposites have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in pollutant sensing, adsorption, and photocatalytic degradation under visible light irradiation. Their tunable surface chemistry, high surface area, and strong photoluminescence enable efficient removal of a wide range of contaminants, including heavy metals, synthetic dyes, and pharmaceutical residues. The review concludes by outlining future perspectives, emphasising the need for standardised synthesis protocols, comprehensive life cycle assessments, and the development of multifunctional CQD systems. Advancing these areas will be critical for the large-scale deployment of CQD-based technologies in environmental remediation and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101286"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life cycle analysis of carbon foam production from olive pomace by new green process","authors":"Senay Balbay","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the study, 4 g of ground olive pomace was mixed with resins at a 1:1 SAC:VAC ratio using SENAY process which is the new green method, and cured under normal conditions. Open-pore (97 % porosity) carbon foam which is a technological product was obtained by calcining at 500 °C for 30 min. The carbon foams were systematically characterized using High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR) and Raman Spectroscopy to evaluate their properties. The density, strength and tensile rates of carbon foams produced at a 1:1 SAC:VAC ratio are 0.185 g/cm³, 19.5 MPa and 33.27 %, respectively. As VAC ratio increased, the density of carbon foams decreased. It was determined that SAC resin supported pore formation in the carbon foam production process. The carbon footprint of carbon foam in LCA was determined 7.3898 kg CO₂eq./ton. A new area of use has been set forth for the carbon foam production which a technological product of the pomace which cannot be used for agricultural purposes, has negative effects on the environment and can only be used in very limited areas. Simultaneously, this study supports the realization of sustainable development goals by highlighting SDG8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing circular additive manufacturing: Life cycle sustainability assessment of gears made from recycled polylactic acid","authors":"Mohammad Raquibul Hasan ,&nbsp;Ian J. Davies ,&nbsp;Alokesh Pramanik ,&nbsp;Michele John ,&nbsp;Wahidul K. Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the mechanical performance and life cycle sustainability of post-consumer recycled polylactic acid (rPLA) for use in the fused filament fabrication of 3D-printed gear components. Five material compositions ranging from 0 % to 100 % rPLA blended with virgin PLA (vPLA) were assessed through tensile testing and gear function trials. To balance the technical evaluation, a comprehensive life-cycle sustainability assessment was conducted, incorporating environmental (ELCA), economic (LCC), and social (SLCA) indicators using a triple bottom line sustainability framework. Mechanical testing showed a slight reduction in tensile strength with increased rPLA content, with the 50:50 blend (V50:R50) achieving 52.83 MPa compared to 61.12 MPa for 100 % vPLA. All the blends maintained functional gear performance with no slippage. Environmentally, rPLA-rich blends significantly lowered global warming potential, cumulative energy demand, and abiotic resource depletion. Economically, although rPLA reduces raw material and energy costs, filament quality variability introduces preprocessing challenges, slightly increasing the overall production costs. Socially, rPLA-inclusive systems have demonstrated strong potential for improving local employment, training, and worker safety, particularly within decentralised recycling networks. The V50:R50 blend achieved the highest overall sustainability score (−1.35), offering the most balanced trade-off between mechanical performance and triple bottom line sustainability, outperforming both pure vPLA (−1.96) and pure rPLA (−1.75). These findings support the viability of rPLA in noncritical gear applications and underscore the importance of future research on quality assurance systems and cost-effective preprocessing technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101312"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in nanotechnology in phase change materials and their applications","authors":"Md. Abdullah ,&nbsp;Mohammad Obayedullah ,&nbsp;Md. Abul Khair ,&nbsp;Md Habibullah ,&nbsp;Md. Nahidul Islam ,&nbsp;Delowar Hossain ,&nbsp;Md. Shariful Islam Shuvo","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2026.101305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of nanotechnology into phase change materials (PCMs) has substantially advanced thermal energy storage and thermoregulation technologies across diverse sectors, including building construction, electronics cooling, smart textiles, and renewable energy systems. This review provides a comprehensive and critical synthesis of recent progress in nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs), focusing on how nanomaterial incorporation modifies thermophysical behavior, durability, and application performance. Various nanomaterials—such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxides are examined for their roles in enhancing thermal conductivity, regulating phase transition kinetics, and improving overall energy efficiency. Compared with conventional PCMs, NePCMs demonstrate markedly improved performance, with reported thermal conductivity enhancements of 20–160 % at nanoparticle loadings of 0.1–5 wt.%, while maintaining latent heat reductions within an acceptable range of &lt;10–15 %. Hybrid nanomaterials and advanced encapsulation strategies, including in-situ polymerization and silica shell encapsulation, enable 10–30 % reductions in melting and solidification times and 30–70 % suppression of supercooling, alongside enhanced leakage resistance. Long-term reliability is evidenced by &gt; 90–95 % latent heat retention after 200–500 thermal cycles. For thermoregulation applications, system-level energy efficiency improvements of 10–25 % are reported within operating temperature windows of 20–200 °C. Despite these advances, critical challenges persist, including nanoparticle agglomeration, increased viscosity, scalability constraints, material cost escalation of 10–40 %, and unresolved environmental and health concerns. This review also evaluates emerging applications in smart textiles, electronics, temperature-controlled packaging, and solar thermal systems, highlighting the cross-sector potential of NePCMs. Furthermore, it addresses sustainability considerations, emphasizing lifecycle assessment, green synthesis, and risk mitigation strategies. Novel insights into artificial intelligence-assisted property prediction and material optimization are discussed. Overall, this work provides a quantitatively benchmarked, application-driven roadmap for the sustainable development and industrial deployment of next-generation NePCMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101305"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition metal based spinel ferrites: a review","authors":"Md Naimur Rahman,&nbsp;Md Alamgir Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtsust.2025.101252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferrite materials have attracted significant attention due to their tunable structural and magnetic properties, making them highly promising for modern technological applications. Transition metals play a crucial role in spinel ferrites, serving either as dopants or as primary divalent cations, and thus strongly influence their performance. Despite extensive studies, a systematic framework that links transition-metal incorporation to magnetic applications using modern synthesis methods and combined structural and magnetic property analysis is still limited. This review highlights several modern synthesis methodologies and emphasizes the relationship between structural and magnetic properties of transition-metal spinel ferrites, drawing insights from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Structural parameters, such as lattice constant, crystallite size, dislocation density, unit cell volume, and hopping length, provide insight into structural stability, bond geometry, and structural ordering. Similarly, magnetic parameters, including remanent and saturation magnetization, squareness ratio, coercivity, magnetic moment, and anisotropy, reflect domain stability, magnetic domain structure, and magnetic ordering. Reduced structural stability and altered bond geometry generally favor soft magnetic states (superparamagnetic, paramagnetic, diamagnetic, antiferromagnetic), whereas enhanced stability supports hard magnetic states (ferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic). Notably, transition-metal doping improves both structural and magnetic properties, broadening the potential of spinel ferrites for next-generation technological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18322,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Sustainability","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 101252"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}