Materials最新文献_第6页

Experimental Analysis of Gravitational Vortex Turbine Made from Natural Fibers. 天然纤维重力涡旋涡轮的实验分析。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102352

María Varga, Laura Velásquez, Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente, Bladimir Ramón Valencia, Edwin Chica

{"title":"Experimental Analysis of Gravitational Vortex Turbine Made from Natural Fibers.","authors":"María Varga, Laura Velásquez, Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente, Bladimir Ramón Valencia, Edwin Chica","doi":"10.3390/ma18102352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102352","url":null,"abstract":"The use of natural fibers in hydro turbine rotors promotes sustainability by offering biodegradable, renewable materials with a lower carbon footprint. This study compares the hydrodynamic performance of two rotors in a gravitational vortex turbine: Rotor 1, 3D-printed with polylactic acid (PLA), and Rotor 2, made from fique fiber and epoxy resin using manual molding. To compare the rotors, experimental tests were conducted on a laboratory-scale setup, where the behavior of both rotors was evaluated under different flow regimes. Rotor 1 achieved 61.01% efficiency at an angular velocity (ω) 160 RPM, while Rotor 2 reached only 19.03% at ω of 165 RPM. The lower performance of Rotor 2 was due to dynamic imbalances and mechanical vibrations, leading to energy losses. These challenges highlight the limitations of manual molding in achieving precise rotor geometry and balance. To improve natural fiber rotor viability, optimizing manufacturing techniques is crucial to enhance dynamic balance and minimize vibrations. Advancements in fabrication could bridge the performance gap between natural and synthetic materials, making bio-based rotors more competitive. This study emphasizes the potential of natural fibers in sustainable energy and the need to refine production methods to maximize efficiency and reliability. Addressing these challenges will help integrate eco-friendly rotors into hydro turbine technologies.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of Properties of Calcium Hexaluminate-Based Insulating Castables with Calcium Aluminate Cement. 铝酸钙水泥对六铝酸钙基绝缘浇注料性能的优化。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102354

Yufeng Xia, Cuijiao Ding, Wei Luo, Haizhen Yang, Wenjie Yuan

{"title":"Optimization of Properties of Calcium Hexaluminate-Based Insulating Castables with Calcium Aluminate Cement.","authors":"Yufeng Xia, Cuijiao Ding, Wei Luo, Haizhen Yang, Wenjie Yuan","doi":"10.3390/ma18102354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102354","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of global energy scarcity, thermal insulation castables have garnered significant attention from the steel industry to reduce energy consumption. To optimize the performance of calcium hexaaluminate (CA6)-based insulating castables, a systematic comparative study was conducted on the influence of varying amounts of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) incorporated into the castables. The results indicated that the addition of more CAC could increase the initial flowability of the castables with an air-entraining agent (AEA). Conversely, the flowability of the castables containing alumina bubbles continuously decreased after 30 min and 60 min. The apparent porosity of castables with only added AEA and alumina bubbles after being dried at 110 °C and treated at 1300 °C presented a decreasing trend as CAC content increased. Under the joint action of AEA and alumina bubbles, the amplification in porosity of castables treated at 1300 °C was positively correlated with the amount of CAC. The increase in CAC content could enhance the strength of samples, with a particularly notable improvement observed in castables prepared with the addition of AEA. For castables prepared with AEA and CAC contents of 9 wt.%, the cold modulus of rupture and cold crushing strength after heat treatment at 1300 °C were 17.5 MPa and 80.5 MPa, respectively. The thermal conductivity of castables presented non-monotonic change with the increase in CAC content. The effect of elevated CAC content on the pore fractal dimension of castables depended on the pore-forming methods. Grey correlation analysis (GCA) demonstrated that pore sizes in the range of 500-1000 nm, pore fractal dimensions, and pore sizes less than 500 nm had the highest degrees of correlation with CMOR, CCS, and thermal conductivity, respectively.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomimetic Construction of Enteromorpha prolifera-Based Composite Membranes for Synergistic Purification of Fluoride Ions, Bacteria, and Dye with High Sustainability. 基于浒苔的高可持续性协同净化氟离子、细菌和染料复合膜的仿生构建。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102356

Wanying Li, Yu Lei, Xiaoxuan Fan, Gang Wei, Lei Guo

{"title":"Biomimetic Construction of Enteromorpha prolifera-Based Composite Membranes for Synergistic Purification of Fluoride Ions, Bacteria, and Dye with High Sustainability.","authors":"Wanying Li, Yu Lei, Xiaoxuan Fan, Gang Wei, Lei Guo","doi":"10.3390/ma18102356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102356","url":null,"abstract":"As an essential trace element in the human body, fluoride is beneficial in appropriate amounts, but excessive intake can cause serious harm. Therefore, addressing the global water pollution caused by fluoride is an urgent issue. In this study, a functional composite membrane is successfully prepared using Enteromorpha prolifera (EP) as the raw material, cinnamaldehyde (CIN) as a functional modifier, and EP-bioinduced ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as the loading material via biomimetic mineralization technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the composite membrane removes fluoride ions (F-) with an efficiency of over 99.9% within the concentration range of 100-400 mg/L. This excellent F- removal performance is attributed to the ability of the hydroxyl groups on the surface of ZrO2 to exchange and bind with F-. The formed CIN/EP-ZrO2 composite membrane also reveals significant antibacterial activity against E. coli. In addition, the adsorption rate for methylene blue at the concentration of 5-300 mg/L reaches 99.99%, which is due to the synergistic interaction of functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), and amino groups (-NH2) in EP. The overall sustainability footprint (OSF) assessment exhibits that the CIN/EP-ZrO2 composite membrane has comprehensive advantages, including a simple preparation process, low cost, high performance, and environmental friendliness. This study provides an innovative solution for the sustainable treatment of F-, bacteria, and dye pollution in water, showcasing significant potential for applications in environmental science.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Processing of Bulk MgB₂ Superconductors by Coupling Laser Powder Bed Fusion and Spark Plasma Sintering Techniques. 激光粉末床熔合与火花等离子烧结耦合技术制备大块MgB2超导体。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102367

Anastasia Sklyarova, Lionel Presmanes, Vincent Baylac, Geoffroy Chevallier, Claude Estournès, Benjamin Duployer, Jacques Noudem, Pierre Bernstein, Philippe Tailhades, Yohann Thimont

引用次数: 0

Research on the Optimization and Regulation Mechanism of Waterproofing, Impermeability, and Water Vapor Transmission Property of Mortar Based on Different Modifiers. 不同改性剂对砂浆防水、抗渗、透水性的优化调控机理研究。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102363

Zelei Li, Chuanchuan Guo, Lanlan Xu, Ru Wang

{"title":"Research on the Optimization and Regulation Mechanism of Waterproofing, Impermeability, and Water Vapor Transmission Property of Mortar Based on Different Modifiers.","authors":"Zelei Li, Chuanchuan Guo, Lanlan Xu, Ru Wang","doi":"10.3390/ma18102363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102363","url":null,"abstract":"It is challenging for mortar to simultaneously enhance the transmission property of water vapor while maintaining excellent waterproofness and impermeability. However, in some applications, both are necessary. Therefore, three different kinds of modifiers, i.e., cementitious capillary crystalline waterproof materials (XYPEX), γ-methacryloxy-propyl-trimethoxy-silane (KH570), and styrene-butadiene rubber latex (SB), are employed to explore how modified mortar can possess excellent waterproofness, impermeability, and the water vapor transmission property simultaneously. Combining characterization techniques, the influencing factors of these three properties are studied. The results indicate that XYPEX promotes the formation of hydration products within pores, improves waterproofness and impermeability, but decreases the water vapor transmission property. KH570 introduces numerous pores ranging from 0.1 to 5 micrometers and enhances the hydrophobicity of mortar; at 1.25% and 2.5% contents, the modified mortar exhibits excellent waterproofness and water vapor transmission property but poor impermeability. SB introduces numerous air pores and forms polymer films; at 20% content, the modified mortar exhibits excellent waterproofness and water vapor transmission property, with impermeability remaining unchanged, making SB a favorable modifier that combines these three properties. Finally, the mechanisms of these three properties are discussed, which provides a theoretical reference for the control of mortar's waterproofing, impermeability, and water vapor transmission. The selection of modifiers is based on the actual performance requirements.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser-Directed Energy-Deposited Ti-6Al-4V: The Anisotropy of Its Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Fracture Behavior. 激光定向能量沉积Ti-6Al-4V：其组织、力学性能和断裂行为的各向异性

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102360

Huan Wang, Chen-Wei Liu, Tianyu Wu, Hua-Xin Peng

{"title":"Laser-Directed Energy-Deposited Ti-6Al-4V: The Anisotropy of Its Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Fracture Behavior.","authors":"Huan Wang, Chen-Wei Liu, Tianyu Wu, Hua-Xin Peng","doi":"10.3390/ma18102360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102360","url":null,"abstract":"Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) is widely used in the additive manufacturing (AM) industry for its superior mechanical properties; however, severe anisotropy is inevitable. In this work, a Ti64 sample fabricated using laser-directed energy deposition is used for fundamental investigations into the anisotropy of its microstructure, mechanical properties, and fracture behaviors. The microstructure of martensite α and prior β-Ti grains are characterized in both the XOY and XOZ planes. The tensile/compressive properties and microhardness along the building direction (BD) and scanning direction (SD) are tested, and it is found that the sample along the SD has better comprehensive mechanical properties. Due to grain boundary α (GB-α), different fracture behaviors and crack propagation paths are found along the BD and SD. When tensile force is parallel to the growth orientation of GB-α, a much higher density of microcracks caused by fractured GB-α is found to contribute to a prolonged elongation and the weakening of strength. While stretching along the SD, the cracks would propagate along the GB-α easily and straightly, which might lead to lower elongation.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Laser Nanostructuring of Titanium Surfaces for Enhanced Bioactive Applications. 钛表面的激光纳米结构增强生物活性应用。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102362

Angela De Bonis, Mariangela Curcio, Agostino Galasso, Nicola Caggiano, Antonio Lettino, Patrizia Dolce, Donato Mollica, Maria Lucia Pace, Antonio Santagata

{"title":"Laser Nanostructuring of Titanium Surfaces for Enhanced Bioactive Applications.","authors":"Angela De Bonis, Mariangela Curcio, Agostino Galasso, Nicola Caggiano, Antonio Lettino, Patrizia Dolce, Donato Mollica, Maria Lucia Pace, Antonio Santagata","doi":"10.3390/ma18102362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102362","url":null,"abstract":"Laser nanostructuring via Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS), generated using femtosecond laser pulses, has been investigated as a method for precisely modifying titanium surfaces. By adjusting parameters such as the fluence and pulse number of the laser beam, it is feasible to tailor the surface morphology, roughness, and oxidation states of species that can significantly influence the properties and surface bioactivity of the material. In this study, the LIPSS was applied to commercially pure titanium and evaluated for its ability to support calcium phosphate nucleation and growth in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis confirmed the formation of well-defined periodic structures. Additional characterizations performed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) revealed, after laser treatment of titanium, its increased surface roughness and oxidation levels, respectively. These features, when assessed after immersion in SBF, were associated with an improved potential biological performance of the nanostructured surface of the investigated material. The results demonstrated that LIPSS-treated titanium effectively promoted calcium phosphate growth, indicating its enhanced potential bioactivity. Overall, LIPSS nanostructuring presents a scalable and cost-effective strategy for engineering titanium surfaces with potential bioactive properties, supporting their promising application in advanced biomedical implants.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling of Hardness and Electrical Conductivity of Cu-4Ti (wt.%) Alloy and Estimation of Aging Parameters Using Metaheuristic Algorithms. Cu-4Ti （wt.%）合金硬度和电导率的建模及时效参数的元启发式估计。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102366

Jarosław Konieczny, Krzysztof Labisz, Satılmış Ürgün, Halil Yiğit, Sinan Fidan, Mustafa Özgür Bora, Şaban Hakan Atapek, Janusz Ćwiek

{"title":"Modelling of Hardness and Electrical Conductivity of Cu-4Ti (wt.%) Alloy and Estimation of Aging Parameters Using Metaheuristic Algorithms.","authors":"Jarosław Konieczny, Krzysztof Labisz, Satılmış Ürgün, Halil Yiğit, Sinan Fidan, Mustafa Özgür Bora, Şaban Hakan Atapek, Janusz Ćwiek","doi":"10.3390/ma18102366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102366","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on cold deformation and age effects on the microhardness and electric conductivity of the Cu-4Ti (wt.%) alloys. The samples were solution treated at 900 °C, quenched in water, and aged at 450-600 °C for 1-120 min. Fifty percent cold rolling was performed before aging to analyze the impact on their microstructure and properties. Hardness and electric conductivity were examined by the Vickers microhardness and Förster testing. Hardness increased significantly while electric conductivity was maintained. The optimal hardness of 298 HV appeared following 50% cold rolling and aging for 120 min at 450 °C, and an electric conductivity of 9.4 MS/m was achieved after 120 min at 600 °C in cold-rolled materials. The deformed and solution-treated materials reached 244 HV after 120 min at 500 °C, and electric conductivity reached 7.7 MS/m. Polynomial models of regression were used to analyze the impact of aging parameters on properties. Process parameters were properly optimized by applying metaheuristic algorithms. These contributions ensure a better understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and properties in Cu-Ti alloys, as well as their application in aircraft and electronics.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simulation Prediction and Experimental Research on Surface Morphology of Ball Head Milling Processing. 球头铣削加工表面形貌的仿真预测与实验研究。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102355

Youzheng Cui, Xinmiao Li, Minli Zheng, Haijing Mu, Chengxin Liu, Dongyang Wang, Bingyang Yan, Qingwei Li, Hui Jiang, Fengjuan Wang, Qingming Hu

引用次数: 0

Effect of Non-Uniform Temperature Field on Sintering Performance of Conductive Silver Paste in Laser Sintering. 非均匀温度场对激光烧结导电银浆烧结性能的影响。

IF 3.1 3区材料科学

Materials Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.3390/ma18102358

Wenkai Zu, Xingzhi Xiao, Tingting Liu, Mingfei Gu, Gang Li, Wenhe Liao

{"title":"Effect of Non-Uniform Temperature Field on Sintering Performance of Conductive Silver Paste in Laser Sintering.","authors":"Wenkai Zu, Xingzhi Xiao, Tingting Liu, Mingfei Gu, Gang Li, Wenhe Liao","doi":"10.3390/ma18102358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18102358","url":null,"abstract":"The non-uniform temperature field in laser sintering critically affects conductive silver paste performance, yet its quantitative relationship with sintering mechanisms remains unclear. This study addresses this issue by proposing effective sintering temperature (Ta) and effective sintering time (Sa) as metrics to link laser parameters and sintering temperature field with sintering performance. Through full-factorial experiments, finite element simulation, and in situ thermal monitoring, it was revealed that (1) Increasing laser power and reducing laser scanning speed effectively reduce resistivity. For example, at 10 W and 0.1 mm/s, the resistivity reached 6.81 μΩ·cm, which was 88.9% lower than the value of 61.11 μΩ·cm at 2 W and 0.5 mm/s. (2) The resistivity exhibits a threshold effect in its reduction across low-power (<3 W), medium-power (3~4 W), and high-power (>5 W) ranges. (3) The action of laser sintering parameters on sintering performance through Ta and Sa. The resistivity decreases are correlated with Ta, exceeding the exothermic peaks (T1 = 196 °C and T2 = 232 °C). Unlike prior qualitative analyses, this work quantifies how non-uniform temperature fields govern sintering through Ta and Sa, offering a quantitative method to analyze the temperature field's effect on sintering performance.","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144159423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0