Materials最新文献

{"title":"Study on Optimization of High-Pressure Casting Process and Improvement of Mechanical Properties for Damping Spacer Based on ABAQUS.","authors":"Sen Jia, Anqin Liu, Kai Kang, Wenguang Yang","doi":"10.3390/ma18184378","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A damping spacer rod is a key protective device in ultrahigh voltage transmission lines, which not only keeps the distance of split wires and limits the whipping and collision caused by the relative motion between sub-wires, but also inhibits the vibration of wires. This study aims to solve the problem of typical faults, such as loose wire clamps, that are prone to occur in damping isolation rods during long-term operation in ultra-high voltage transmission lines. Taking the spacer rod FGZ-450/34B as the object, a new high-pressure casting process for spacer rod frames is explored. The spacer rods were simulated by using the ABAQUS finite element software to predict the stress distribution and identify the dangerous sections. Based on this, the mold process was optimized to avoid die-casting defects. Meanwhile, mechanical property tests were carried out on the products produced by the two types of molds. The research finds that by optimizing the mold process, the die-casting quality of the dangerous section of the spacer rod can be effectively improved, and the best high-pressure die-casting scheme has been obtained through comparison. This research achievement provides technical support for enhancing the anti-vibration performance, anti-loosening reliability, short-circuit current thermal shock resistance, and anti-ultraviolet aging performance of damping isolation rods. It is of great significance for ensuring the stable operation of ultra-high voltage transmission lines and improving the production process level of damping isolation rods.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloride Ion Transport in Concrete Subjected to Sustained Compressive Stress Under Different Dry-Wet Ratios.","authors":"Wenqi Ma, Renchi Zhang, Xiang Li, Xiaokang Cheng, Yongming Xiong","doi":"10.3390/ma18184388","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Existing studies on chloride ion transport in concrete under compressive load had rarely incorporated the influence of the dry-wet time ratio, even though this ratio was a key factor affecting chloride penetration in coastal concrete structures subjected to periodic drying-wetting cycles. This study was therefore motivated to fill this gap and to provide more reliable theoretical support for the durability assessment of such engineering structures. A series of accelerated chloride ion penetration experiments was conducted on concrete under compressive load with different dry-wet time ratios. The effects of the dry-wet time ratio, compressive stress level, and exposure environment on chloride ion transport in concrete were analyzed. A chloride ion diffusion coefficient model that accounted for both the dry-wet time ratio and the compressive stress level was then established and validated. The results showed that the enhancing effect of the dry-wet time ratio on chloride ion transport became significant under relatively high compressive stress. When the dry-wet time ratio was 7:1, the convection zone depths of concrete specimens under no stress and compressive stress were both 5 mm. Moreover, when the compressive stress level was 0.5 times the compressive strength and the dry-wet time ratio was 7:1, the chloride concentration of the specimens increased by an average of 756.4% compared with that under natural immersion.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Strokova et al. Interaction Mechanisms in «Portland Cement-Functional Polymer Mineral Additives» Binder Produced by Different Methods. <i>Materials</i> 2025, <i>18</i>, 3178.","authors":"Svetlana Bondarenko, Mikhail Lebedev, Valeria Strokova, Irina Markova, Natalia Kozhukhova, Nikita Lukyanenko, Danil Potapov","doi":"10.3390/ma18184373","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mikhail Lebedev was not included as an author in the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Thermal Properties of Structural Partitions Produced Using Additive Technology (3D Printing) from Biodegradable Materials for Use in Construction.","authors":"Beata Anwajler, Arkadiusz Wieleżew, Krystian Grabowski, Tullio de Rubeis, Dario Ambrosini, Ewa Zdybel, Ewa Tomaszewska-Ciosk","doi":"10.3390/ma18184379","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancements in material technologies and increasingly stringent thermal insulation requirements are driving the search for innovative solutions to serve as an alternative to traditional insulating materials. Using 3D printing techniques to produce thermal insulation opens up new possibilities for creating structures, geometries, and shapes from a variety of raw materials, ranging from synthetic polymers to biodegradable composites. This study aimed to develop a modern thermal insulation barrier with a comparable thermal conductivity to conventional materials to enhance the energy efficiency of buildings. Cellular materials based on the Kelvin cell were fabricated using additive manufacturing via 3D SLS printing from a composite consisting of a biodegradable material (TPS) and a recyclable polymer (PA12). The printed cellular structural partitions were tested for their thermal insulation properties, including thermal conductivity coefficient, thermal transmittance (U-value), and thermal resistance. The best thermal insulation performance was demonstrated by a double-layer partition made from TPS + PA12 at a mass ratio of 5:5 and with a thickness of 60 mm. This sample achieved a thermal conductivity of λ = 0.026 W/(m·K), a thermal resistance of R = 2.4 (m²·K)/W, and a thermal transmittance of U = 0.42 W/(m²·K). Cellular partition variants with the most favorable properties were incorporated into building thermal balance software and an energy simulation was conducted for a single-family house using prototype insulating materials. This enabled an assessment of their energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Possibilities for Infrared Diagnosis of Peirce-Smith Converters in Non-Ferrous Metallurgy.","authors":"Emil Mihailov, Daniela Choshnova, Maria Ivanova, Monika Asenova","doi":"10.3390/ma18184383","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To implement predictive maintenance of units in the practice of metallurgical manufacturers, computer information and diagnostic systems are being developed to assess the current state of individual units throughout their entire life cycle. This publication presents the results of a study on developing an infrared diagnostic system for predictive maintenance of converter units in the non-ferrous metallurgy industry. A 3D mathematical model of the transient heat transfer in the wall of a real operating unit has been developed and numerically implemented to study, analyze, and diagnose surface temperature fields resulting from wear and local damage. To adjust the operation of the mathematical model, the design parameters and the results for operating and technological parameters from an industrial experiment are taken into consideration. Using the model, a full-factor experiment was simulated to study the surface temperature fields resulting from the erosion wear of the wall and the presence of local damage. Based on the simulation results, the optimal time range for thermographic monitoring is determined. A regression dependence was derived to predict the refractory wall wear as a function of the outer surface temperature of the converter unit. The results are part of a comprehensive investigation aimed at developing thermal imaging techniques for converter units in non-ferrous metallurgy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemical Synthesis of Mesoporous Alumina as an Adsorbent of Corrosion Inhibitors for Active Corrosion Protection in Organic Coatings.","authors":"Abenchara M Betancor-Abreu, Javier Izquierdo, Raquel Rodríguez-Raposo, Ricardo A Liria-Romero, Juan J Santana, Ricardo M Souto","doi":"10.3390/ma18184375","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work describes a simple and economical electrochemical route for the generation of mesoporous alumina (MA) particles that can serve as containers for corrosion inhibitors for the active corrosion protection elements of metals when dispersed in organic coatings. The synthesis of precursor slurries was carried out in an electrochemical reactor with aluminum electrodes operating alternately as anodes and cathodes to facilitate metal dissolution and prevent passivation of the electrode surface. The obtained slurries were thermally treated to produce mesoporous alumina particles with adsorbent characteristics suitable for loading corrosion inhibitors. Benzotriazole (BTA) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) were chosen as corrosion inhibitors. Dispersed in a commercial polymer matrix and applied to the coating of mild steel samples, the loaded MA improved the corrosion resistance of the coated metal exposed to a simulated marine environment. When physical damage is intentionally caused to expose the underlying metal, the polymer matrix containing BTA-loaded alumina particles retards the corrosion process due to the swelling of the inhibitor from the particles to the exposed bare metal in the scratch. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed a marked increase in low-frequency impedance in coatings containing alumina particles, with the BTA-loaded system providing the most durable protection over extended immersion times (with a 50% improvement in corrosion resistance of steel exposed within the scratch). This demonstrates the potential of this approach for long-term corrosion protection applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145175792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Nature to Remediation: Biomaterials for Malachite Green Retention and Degradation.","authors":"Raluca Florenta Doroftei, Mihaela Silion, Daniela Ioniță, Andrei Dascalu, Florin Nedeff, Ana-Maria Georgescu, Ana-Maria Rosu, Diana Mirila, Ileana-Denisa Nistor","doi":"10.3390/ma18184374","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing presence of synthetic dyes in aquatic environments presents a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. This study investigates the potential of natural biomaterials, specifically fish-derived components extracted from <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> (fish bladder and fish scales), for the simultaneous retention and degradation of a potentially toxic dye: Malachite Green (MG). The biomaterials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS) for degradation monitoring. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted under varying biomaterial dosage, contact time and pH. Results demonstrated that all tested biomaterials exhibited significant adsorption capacities, with fish scales (FS) achieving a maximum removal efficiency of 91.2%, and fish bladder (FB) reaching 82% under optimal conditions. In catalytic ozonation tests, the fish scales impregnated with vanadium (FS-V) catalyst demonstrated significantly higher degradation efficiency, reaching 63.84% at an ozone flow rate of 0.5 g O₃·h^-1. The comparative analysis highlights the multifunctionality of these eco-friendly biomaterials, offering both pollutant capture and partial degradation. These findings suggest that low-cost, naturally derived biomaterials can serve as effective alternatives to synthetic adsorbents in water treatment applications, contributing to sustainable environmental remediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycled Materials and Lightweight Insulating Additions to Mixtures for 3D Concrete Printing.","authors":"Marcin Maroszek, Magdalena Rudziewicz, Karina Rusin-Żurek, Izabela Hager, Marek Hebda","doi":"10.3390/ma18184387","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) is advancing rapidly, yet its sustainable adoption requires alignment with circular-economy principles. This study evaluates the substitution of natural aggregates with recycled constituents, 3DCP waste, brick debris, glass cullet, mixed rubble, fly ash, and slag, and the use of lightweight fillers (expanded perlite, lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA), and expanded polystyrene (EPS)) to reduce density and improve insulation. Key properties, such as particle-size distribution, printability, mechanical performance, thermal conductivity, and water absorption, were determined. Results indicate that grading strongly affected mixture behavior. Narrow distributions (fly ash, milled 3DCP waste) enhanced extrudability, while broader gradings (glass, rubble, slag) increased water demand and extrusion risks. Despite these differences, all systems remained within the printable window: flow spread decreased with most recycled additions (lowest for brick) and increased with glass. Mechanical responses were composition-dependent. Flexural strength typically decreased. Compressive strength benefited from broader gradings, with replacement levels up to ~6% enhancing strength due to improved packing. Loading anisotropy typical of 3DCP was observed, with perpendicular compressive strength reaching up to 13% higher values than parallel loading. Lightweight fillers significantly reduced thermal conductivity. LECA provided the best compromise between strength and insulation, perlite showed intermediate behavior, and EPS achieved the lowest thermal conductivity but induced significant strength penalties due to weak matrix-EPS interfaces. Water absorption decreased in recycled-aggregate mixes, whereas lightweight systems, particularly with perlite, retained higher uptake. The results demonstrate that non-reactive recycled aggregates and lightweight insulating fillers can be successfully integrated into extrusion-based 3DCP without compromising printability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Testing, Manufacturing and Numerical Modelling of Composite and Sandwich Structures (Second Edition).","authors":"Raul D S G Campilho","doi":"10.3390/ma18184372","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Composite and sandwich structures are nowadays indispensable in engineering applications where lightweight, durability, and multifunctionality are critical [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1H-Imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline Derivatives as Promising Ligands for Ir and Ru Complex Compounds for Applications in LECs: Mini-Review.","authors":"Agnieszka Krawiec, Agata Szłapa-Kula, Sławomir Kula","doi":"10.3390/ma18184380","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18184380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) are attracting significant attention due to their simple design, low production costs, and ability to operate on flexible substrates. As a result, they are increasingly considered a highly attractive alternative to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The emissive layer is a key element determining the efficiency of LECs. Therefore, considerable attention is currently being paid to finding chemical compounds that could be used as efficient and stable light emitters. Ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) are a prime example of such materials. In recent years, iridium and ruthenium complexes containing ligands based on 1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline derivatives have attracted particular interest in LECs. Therefore, this paper discusses in detail the physicochemical properties and application potential of iridium and ruthenium complexes containing these ligands in LECs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12471501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}