Materials最新文献

{"title":"From Pollutant Removal to Renewable Energy: MoS₂-Enhanced P25-Graphene Photocatalysts for Malathion Degradation and H₂ Evolution.","authors":"Cristian Martínez-Perales, Abniel Machín, Pedro J Berríos-Rolón, Paola Sampayo, Enrique Nieves, Loraine Soto-Vázquez, Edgard Resto, Carmen Morant, José Ducongé, María C Cotto, Francisco Márquez","doi":"10.3390/ma18112602","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread presence of pesticides-especially malathion-in aquatic environments presents a major obstacle to conventional remediation strategies, while the ongoing global energy crisis underscores the urgency of developing renewable energy sources such as hydrogen. In this context, photocatalytic water splitting emerges as a promising approach, though its practical application remains limited by poor charge carrier dynamics and insufficient visible-light utilization. Herein, we report the design and evaluation of a series of TiO₂-based ternary nanocomposites comprising commercial P25 TiO₂, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), with MoS₂ loadings ranging from 1% to 10% by weight. The photocatalysts were fabricated via a two-step method: hydrothermal integration of rGO into P25 followed by solution-phase self-assembly of exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets. The composites were systematically characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Photocatalytic activity was assessed through two key applications: the degradation of malathion (20 mg/L) under simulated solar irradiation and hydrogen evolution from water in the presence of sacrificial agents. Quantification was performed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and thermal conductivity detection (GC-TCD). Results showed that the integration of rGO significantly enhanced surface area and charge mobility, while MoS₂ served as an effective co-catalyst, promoting interfacial charge separation and acting as an active site for hydrogen evolution. Nearly complete malathion degradation (~100%) was achieved within two hours, and hydrogen production reached up to 6000 µmol g^-1 h^-1 under optimal MoS₂ loading. Notably, photocatalytic performance declined with higher MoS₂ content due to recombination effects. Overall, this work demonstrates the synergistic enhancement provided by rGO and MoS₂ in a stable P25-based system and underscores the viability of such ternary nanocomposites for addressing both environmental remediation and sustainable energy conversion challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Sodium Bicarbonate/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Composites: Surface Characterization and Early Biological Response.","authors":"Alessandro Mosca Balma, Riccardo Pedraza, Clarissa Orrico, Sara Meinardi, Tullio Genova, Giovanna Gautier di Confiengo, Maria Giulia Faga, Ilaria Roato, Federico Mussano","doi":"10.3390/ma18112600","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone graft substitutes combining the mechanical features of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) and the bioactivity of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) have been widely reported in the literature. Surprisingly, however, very little is known about the incorporation of carbonate at a biomimicking level. The authors studied β-TCP/PCL composites at 20 wt.% and 40 wt.%, either enriched or not with sodium bicarbonate (at 2 wt.% and 4 wt.%), through SEM and EDX analyses; surface free energy estimation; pH measurement after 1, 2, and 3 days of incubation in cell media; nanoindentation; and a protein adsorption test with bovine serum albumin. The early biological response was assessed using adipose mesenchymal stem cells, as an established in vitro model, via cellular adhesion (20 min), spreading (24 h), and viability assays (1, 3, 7 days). By increasing the β-TCP content, the composites' hardnesses and Young's moduli (EiT) were improved, as well as their protein adsorption compared to neat PCL. Sodium bicarbonate increased the polar component of the surface energy, alkalinized the composite with a higher β-TCP content, and attenuated its early negative cell response. Further investigation is needed to deepen the knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the mechanical features and long-term biological behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155874/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Photocatalytic Performance Study of TiO₂-TMP Composites Under Effect of Crystal Structure Modulation.","authors":"Jiayi Zhang, Chen Wang, Xiaoguo Shi, Qing Feng, Tingting Shen","doi":"10.3390/ma18112623","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nano-titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is currently the most widely studied photocatalyst. However, its rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers and narrow range of light absorption have limited its development. Crystal form regulation and polymer modification are important means for improving the photocatalytic activity of single-phase materials. In this paper, TiO₂ materials of different crystal forms were prepared by changing the synthesis conditions, and they were compounded with trimesoyl chloride-melamine polymers (TMPs) by the hydrothermal synthesis method. Then, their photocatalytic performance was evaluated by degrading methylene blue (MB) under visible light. The mechanisms of influence of TiO₂ crystal form on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂-TMP were explored by combining characterization and theoretical calculation. The results showed that the TiO₂ crystal form, through interface interaction, the built-in electric field intensity of the heterojunction, and active sites, affected the interface charge separation and transfer, thereby influencing the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂-TMP. In the 4T-TMP photocatalytic system, the degradation rate of MB was the highest. These studies provide theoretical support for understanding the structure-property relationship of the interfacial electronic coupling between TiO₂ crystal forms and TMP, as well as for developing more efficient catalysts for pollutant degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Energy Management in Forward Extrusion Processes Based on Experiment and Finite Element Method Application.","authors":"Tomasz Miłek, Olga Orynycz, Jonas Matijošius, Karol Tucki, Ewa Kulesza, Edward Kozłowski, Andrzej Wasiak","doi":"10.3390/ma18112616","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper advances the forward extrusion process by integrating sustainable methodologies and optimizing energy efficiency. This research investigates the impact of die geometry and elongation coefficients on energy usage and process efficiency, employing finite element method (FEM) simulations alongside empirical analysis. Artificial neural networks and experimental data were utilized to predict process energy. The experimental study utilized flat, conical, and arc-shaped dies to extrude lead profiles exhibiting different elongation coefficients. The study analyzed the dynamics of material flow, energy requirements, and maximum forces. Patterns of deformation, distribution of tension, and losses of energy were discerned, with finite element models enhancing understanding of these phenomena. The mathematical framework forecasting the peak extrusion force in relation to elongation parameters was substantiated via residual diagnostics and regression analysis. The findings indicate that conical and arc dies can conserve up to 15% of the energy in comparison to flat dies, thereby improving material flow and reducing deformation forces. This comprehensive strategy provides practical solutions to reduce energy consumption and improve metal forming processes, thereby enhancing industrial efficiency and sustainability. The results not only benefit industry but also align with environmental objectives, thereby increasing the efficiency and sustainability of extrusion operations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Briquetting Method for Dust from High-Carbon Ferrochrome (HC FeCr) Crushing Using Vibropressing on an Industrial Scale and Its Subsequent Remelting.","authors":"Otegen Sariyev, Maral Almagambetov, Nurzhan Nurgali, Gulnur Abikenova, Bauyrzhan Kelamanov, Dauren Yessengaliyev, Assylbek Abdirashit","doi":"10.3390/ma18112608","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article provides a brief overview of technologies and methods for processing dispersed metallic waste generated during ferroalloy production, including high-carbon ferrochrome (HCFeCr). It is noted that the most cost-effective and rational method for reusing metallic dust is briquetting. Considering the development of briquetting technologies, as well as the latest equipment and binder materials involved in this process, aspiration dust from ferrochrome crushing can be fully utilized in metallurgical recycling. To verify this assumption, laboratory studies were conducted using polymer-based binders and liquid glass as a baseline option. The methodology of briquetting using both laboratory and industrial presses is described, along with an assessment of the mechanical properties of the briquettes. The studies indicate that the introduction of an inert filler (gas-cleaning dust) into the metallic dust composition improves the briquetting ability of the mixture by enhancing adhesion between metal particles and the binder. The obtained industrial briquette samples exhibit high mechanical strength, ensuring their further use in metallurgical processing. The study concludes that semi-dry briquetting using hydraulic vibropresses is a promising approach for the utilization of dispersed ferroalloy waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect the Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Flexural Strength of ZrO₂ Ceramics Produced by NanoParticle Jetting.","authors":"Youji Huang, Xiaorong Li, Hongyu Chen, Kun Ren, Huijun Guo, Huan Qi","doi":"10.3390/ma18112605","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zirconia ceramics (ZrO₂) have received significant attention due to their excellent mechanical properties and broad application prospects. Additive manufacturing, especially nanoparticle jetting (NPJ), offers a new approach for fabricating zirconia ceramics with complex geometries. However, the sintering process plays a crucial role in determining the final properties of these ceramics, and the effect of sintering temperature on NPJ printed zirconia ceramics remains to be fully understood. This study investigates the impact of sintering temperature on the properties of zirconia ceramics fabricated via NPJ. NPJ-printed ZrO₂ green bodies were sintered at varying temperatures, and their phase composition, microstructure, and flexural strength were analyzed. Results show that as the sintering temperature rises from 800 °C to 1450 °C, the relative density of ZrO₂ increases from 55.0% to 98.3%, and the flexural strength rises from 9.3 MPa to 356.1 MPa. The green body consists of monoclinic (m-ZrO₂) and tetragonal (t-ZrO₂) phases, with m-ZrO₂ completely transforming into t-ZrO₂ at 1000 °C. Grain size also increases with temperature. The improvement in zirconia's flexural strength is primarily attributed to a combination of grain size and porosity. This research provides guidance for optimizing the sintering process of NPJ-printed ZrO₂ ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigation of Structural Vibrations in Sensitive Audio Devices: A Study on Isolation Materials for Lightweight Turntables.","authors":"Aleksandra Sawczuk, Bartlomiej Chojnacki","doi":"10.3390/ma18112617","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective vibration isolation is critical for minimizing the transmission of unwanted mechanical energy from a source to its surrounding environment, especially in precision systems, where even minor disturbances can degrade performance. This study addresses the challenge of low-frequency vibration transmission in lightweight, high-sensitivity audio devices such as turntables with masses below 10 kg. Traditional vibration mitigation strategies-primarily based on increasing system mass to raise the resonant frequency-are unsuitable for such systems due to weight constraints and potential impacts on operational dynamics. Previous studies have identified a critical resonance range of 5-15 Hz, corresponding to the tonearm and cartridge assembly, where transmitted vibrations can compromise signal fidelity and cause mechanical degradation. This research aims to develop an effective and universal vibration isolation solution tailored for lightweight turntables, focusing on external isolation from structural vibration sources such as furniture and flooring. To achieve this, a two-stage experimental methodology was employed. In the first stage, the excitation method with the use of a hammer tapping machine was evaluated for its ability to simulate real-world vibrational disturbances. The most representative excitation methods were then used in the second stage, where the isolation performance of various materials and systems was systematically assessed. Tested isolation strategies included steel springs, elastomeric dampers, and commercial linear vibration isolators. The effectiveness of each isolation material was quantified through spectral analysis and transfer function modeling of vibration acceleration data. The results provide comparative insights into material performance and offer design guidance for the development of compact, high-efficiency anti-vibration platforms for audio turntables and similar precision devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction of Additive Manufacturing Inconel 718 Alloy via Machine Learning.","authors":"Zongxian Song, Jinling Peng, Lina Zhu, Caiyan Deng, Yangyang Zhao, Qingya Guo, Angran Zhu","doi":"10.3390/ma18112604","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study established a machine learning framework to enhance the accuracy of very-high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) life prediction in selective laser melted Inconel 718 alloy by systematically comparing the use of generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational auto-encoders (VAEs) for data augmentation. We quantified the influence of critical defect parameters (dimensions and stress amplitudes) extracted from fracture analyses on fatigue life and compared the performance of GANs versus VAEs in generating synthetic training data for three regression models (ANN, Random Forest, and SVR). The experimental fatigue data were augmented using both generative models, followed by hyperparameter optimization and rigorous validation against independent test sets. The results demonstrated that the GAN-generated data significantly improved the prediction metrics, with GAN-enhanced models achieving superior R² scores (0.91-0.97 vs. 0.86 ± 0.87) and lower MAEs (1.13-1.62% vs. 2.00-2.64%) compared to the VAE-based approaches. This work not only establishes GANs as a breakthrough tool for AM fatigue prediction but also provides a transferable methodology for data-driven modeling of defect-dominated failure mechanisms in advanced materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12155788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Acidity-Induced Helix of Alginate and Fibers.","authors":"Jinhong Yang, Na Sun, Xuelai Xie, Zhangyu Feng, Na Liu, Kai Wang, Min Lin","doi":"10.3390/ma18112619","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brittleness of alginate fibers has limited their biological applications. Enhancing fiber toughness without sacrificing fracture tensile strength is challenging. Herein, an acidity-triggered helical conformational change in alginate is demonstrated to improve fiber toughness. During fiber formation by Ca²⁺ crosslinking, HCl triggers 2₁-helical and antiparallel twofold helical conformational changes in sodium alginate. The helical structures were confirmed using circular dichroism and X-ray diffraction. Rheological analysis revealed that the helical conformation was flexible and could extend fiber elongation from 9.4 ± 0.6 to 15.3 ± 2.2%, while the fracture tensile strength was slightly enhanced by 12.4%, reaching 308 MPa. Thus, toughness was enhanced by 74%, reaching 35.5 ± 2.1 MJ m^-3, thereby reducing brittleness. The introduction of helical structures required no significant changes to the wet-spinning process and exhibited good processability. The improved elongation and toughness will broaden the biomedical applications of alginate fibers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Highly Sensitive Graphene-Based Terahertz Perfect Absorber Featuring Five Tunable Absorption Peaks.","authors":"Hongyu Ma, Pengcheng Shi, Zao Yi","doi":"10.3390/ma18112601","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18112601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, we present a high-sensitivity narrow-band perfect graphene absorber that exhibits excellent tunability across multiple bands. The top layer of the absorber unit is composed of graphene material, and the shape is a square graphene layer with a ring structure and a square structure removed from the middle. A SiO₂ dielectric layer is located in the middle, and a layer of gold substrate exists at the bottom. This structure has generated five perfect absorption peaks at 6.08216 THz, 7.29058 THz, 9.34669 THz, 11.5471 THz, and 13.0441 THz, and the levels of absorption are 98.24%, 98.03%, 99.55%, 98.87%, and 99.99%, respectively. We have proved the advantages of our model by comparing the influence of different shapes of graphene on the absorption rate of the model. Then, we changed the relaxation time and Fermi energy level of graphene and other factors such as the refractive index to prove that our structure has good tunable performance. Finally, we calculated the sensitivity, and the sensitivity of this structure is as high as 4508.75 GHZ/RIU. Compared with previous articles, our article has more absorption peaks, a higher absorption efficiency, and a higher sensitivity. The absorber proposed in this paper shows great potential to contribute to high-sensitivity sensors, photoelectric detection, photoelectric communication, and other related fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12156950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}