Materials最新文献

{"title":"An Endogenous Proton-Powered Adaptive Nanomotor for Treating Muscle Atrophy.","authors":"Ming Liu, Zhicun Liu, Xiangkai Qiao, Cheng Chen, Hongtu Guo, Hao Gu, Junbo Li, Tiedong Sun","doi":"10.3390/ma18061351","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanomotors driven by endogenous enzymes are favored in biology and pharmacy due to their spontaneous driving and efficient biocatalytic activity, and have potential applications in the treatment of clinical diseases that are highly dependent on targeted effects. For diseases such as muscle atrophy, using energy molecules such as ATP to improve cellular metabolism is a relatively efficient treatment method. However, traditional adenosine triphosphate (ATP) therapies for muscle atrophy face limitations due to instability under physiological conditions and poor targeting efficiency. To address these challenges, we developed an endogenous proton-gradient-driven ATP transport motor (ATM), a nanomotor integrating chloroplast-derived F_oF₁-ATPase with a biocompatible flask-shaped organic shell (FOS). The ATM is synthesized by vacuum-injecting phospholipid-embedded F_oF₁-ATPase nanothylakoids into ribose-based FOS, enabling autonomous propulsion in acidic microenvironments through proton-driven negative chemotaxis (directional movement away from regions of higher proton concentration). This nanomotor converts proton gradients into ATP synthesis, directly replenishing cellular energy deficits in atrophic tissues. In vitro studies demonstrated high biocompatibility (>90% cell viability at 150 μg/mL) and pH-responsive motility, achieving speeds up to 4.32 μm/s under physiological gradients (ΔpH = 3). In vivo experiments using dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy mice revealed that ATM treatment accelerated weight recovery and restored normal muscle morphology, with treated mice exhibiting cell sizes comparable to healthy controls (30-40 μm vs. 15-25 μm in untreated). These results highlight the ATM's potential as a precision therapeutic platform for metabolic disorders, leveraging the natural enzyme functionality and synthetic material design to enhance efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Unit Cell Design and Volume Fraction of 3D-Printed Lattice Structures on Compressive Response and Orthopedics Screw Pullout Strength.","authors":"Boonyanuch Suksawang, Pisaisit Chaijareenont, Patcharawan Silthampitag","doi":"10.3390/ma18061349","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to evaluate the effects of unit cell design and the volume fraction of 3D-printed lattice structures with relative densities of 30% or 45% on compressive response and orthopedics screw pullout strength. All 3D lattice models were created using FLatt Pack software (version 3.31.0.0). The unit cell size of sheet-based triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMSs)-Gyroid and Schwarz Diamond-was 5.08 mm, whereas that of skeletal TPMS-Skeletal Gyroid, Skeletal Schwarz Diamond, and Skeletal Schoen I-Wrapped Package-was scaled down to 3.175 and 2.54 mm. Two photopolymer resin types-Rigid 10k and Standard Grey-were used. In uniaxial compression tests, Rigid 10k resin lattices failed at relatively lower strains (<0.11), while Standard Grey lattices endured higher strains (>0.60) and experienced less softening effects, resulting in stress-strain curve plateauing followed by lattice densification. ANOVA revealed significant effects of design and volume fraction at <i>p</i> < 0.001 on compressive modulus, screw pullout strength, and screw withdrawal stiffness of the 3D-printed lattice. The pullout load from 3D-printed lattices (61.00-2839.42 N) was higher than that from open-cell polyurethane foam (<50 N) and lower than that of human bone of similar volume fraction (1134-2293 N). These findings demonstrate that 3D-printed lattices can be tailored to approximate different bone densities, enabling more realistic orthopedic and dental training models.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Incorporating Lüders Plateau into a Plasticity Model in Predicting the Ballistic Impact Responses of 40CrNiMoA Steel Projectiles and Plates.","authors":"Yahui Shi, Xinke Xiao, Bin Jia, Yuge Wang, Jicheng Li","doi":"10.3390/ma18061364","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lüders plateau, a frequently observed phenomenon in uniaxial tensile tests of 40CrNiMoA high-strength steel, significantly influences material fracture behavior but is often neglected in characterizing metal plasticity and fracture properties. This study aims to develop a modified Johnson-Cook-2 (MJC-2) plasticity model incorporating Lüders plateau effects and evaluate its predictive capability for impact response. A series of mechanical tests were conducted and the plasticity model was calibrated through an experimental-numerical approach. Taylor impact and ballistic impact tests were conducted using a single-stage gas gun, with corresponding numerical simulations performed in finite element (FE) software. The results demonstrate that the MJC-2 model provides superior accuracy in predicting the fracture behavior of both targets and Taylor rods, as well as ballistic limit velocities (BLVs). Compared to models neglecting Lüders plateau, MJC-2 significantly enhances prediction precision.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Fracture Toughness of Inner Liner Material for Type IV Hydrogen Storage Cylinders Based on Molecular Dynamics Method.","authors":"Bingyu Yang, Jinqi Luo, Yuan Wu, Zhenhan Yang, Jianping Zhao","doi":"10.3390/ma18061363","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To develop liner materials with improved toughness, this study combines molecular dynamics simulations and experimental testing to investigate the effect of different mass ratios (10/0, 7/3, 6/4, 4/6, 3/7, and 0/10) of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/polyamide 6 (PA6) on their fracture toughness of the composites. The fracture toughness was quantitatively assessed using the J-integral method, while the material's behavior in terms of crack propagation during tensile deformation was examined at the molecular level. The results reveal that as the HDPE mass ratio increases, the fracture toughness of the composites also gradually improves. Furthermore, the fracture toughness of four materials (PA6, 4HDPE/6PA6, 7HDPE/3PA6, and HDPE) was tested using the essential work of the fracture method. The trend observed in the simulation results was in agreement with the experimental results, validating the reliability of the molecular dynamics simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement Technique Comparison in the Entire Fracture Surface Topography Assessment for Additively Manufactured Materials.","authors":"Dawid Zieliński, Aleksandra Mirowska, Przemysław Podulka, Cho-Pei Jiang, Wojciech Macek","doi":"10.3390/ma18061355","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper focuses on comparing the three microscopic measurement techniques, confocal, focus variation, and point for focus, for the evaluation of entire fracture surface topographies. The measurements were performed using a Sensofar S Neox 3D optical profilometer and the Mitutoyo QV Apex 302 vision measuring system. The test specimens required for measuring were printed through laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology using two materials: Stainless Steel 316L and Inconel 718. The printing was performed with a printing power of 200 W, scanning speed of 800 mm/s, and layer thickness of 30 µm or 50 µm. The measurement differences were analyzed on the basis of void volume <i>(Vv)</i>, fractal dimension (<i>Df)</i>, and texture isotropy parameters, as well as a general view of the surface topography. The obtained results did not show a comprehensible difference between the applied measurement techniques for particular specimens. Thus, both measurement devices and three measurement techniques can be used to precisely measure the dimensions of LPBF-processed specimens with the <i>entire fracture surface</i> method.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of an Fe₈₀P₁₄B₆ Bulk Nanocrystalline Alloy via Solidification from a Molten Alloy at Deep Undercooling.","authors":"Xiaoming Chen, Tuo Wang, Zhe Zhang, Yuluo Li, Mingming Wang, Kuang Lv, Guigen Wu, Xiaoli Wang, Zhangyin Li, Xidong Hui","doi":"10.3390/ma18061361","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using fluxing technology, molten Fe₈₀P₁₄B₆ alloy achieved significant undercooling (Δ<i>T</i>). Experimental results demonstrate that the solidified morphologies of the Fe₈₀P₁₄B₆ alloy vary considerably with Δ<i>T</i>. At Δ<i>T</i> = 100 K, the microstructure is dendritic. At Δ<i>T</i> = 250 K, a variety of eutectic morphologies are observed, including a network-like structure near the solidification center, attributed to liquid spinodal decomposition. At Δ<i>T</i> = 350 K, the microstructure exhibits a uniform, random network-like morphology with approximately 50 nm. The mechanical property of the specimens solidified at different Δ<i>T</i> was checked by microhardness test, indicating that the hardness of the specimens increases with the increase in ΔT, reaching a maximum value of 1151 HV_0.2.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-State Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of CuFeSe₂-CuFeS₂ Solid Solutions.","authors":"Soon-Man Jang, Il-Ho Kim","doi":"10.3390/ma18061366","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermoelectric technology, which converts heat and electricity into each other, has been attracting attention from the perspective of efficient energy utilization. Recently, eco-friendly and cost-effective Cu-based thermoelectric materials have been actively studied. In particular, efforts have been made to improve thermoelectric properties and enhance performance through the formation of solid solutions. This study examines the formation and thermoelectric properties of Cu-chalcogenide solid solutions between eskebornite (tetragonal CuFeSe₂) and chalcopyrite (tetragonal CuFeS₂), synthesized as CuFeSe_2-yS_y (y = 0-2) using solid-state synthesis. These compounds share similar crystal structures, which enable the formation of solid solutions that enhance phonon scattering and may potentially improve thermoelectric performance. As the S content (y) increased, the lattice parameters <i>a</i> and <i>c</i> decreased, attributed to the smaller ionic radius of S^2- compared to Se^2-, as X-ray diffraction analysis identified single-phase regions for 0 ≤ y ≤ 0.4 and 1.6 ≤ y ≤ 2, respectively. However, for 0.8 ≤ y ≤ 1.2, a composite phase of eskebornite and chalcopyrite formed, indicating incomplete solid solution behavior in the intermediate range. Thermoelectric measurements showed a sharp increase in electrical conductivity with increasing S content, alongside a transition in the Seebeck coefficient from positive (p-type) to negative (n-type), attributed to the intrinsic semiconducting nature of the end-member compounds. Eskebornite behaves as a p-type semiconductor, whereas chalcopyrite is n-type, and their combination affects the carrier type and concentration. Despite these changes, the power factor did not show significant improvement due to the inverse relationship between electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient. The thermal conductivity decreased significantly with solid solution formation, with CuFeSe_0.4S_1.6 exhibiting the lowest value of 0.97 Wm^-1K^-1 at 623 K, a result of enhanced phonon scattering at lattice imperfections and the mass fluctuation effect. This value is lower than the thermal conductivity values of single-phase eskebornite or chalcopyrite. However, the reduction in thermal conductivity was insufficient to compensate for the modest power factor, resulting in no substantial enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143719980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Microwave Absorption and Mechanical Properties of C/PyC/SiC Composites via Vacuum Impregnation, Curing and Cracking Process.","authors":"Gaochang Xie, Tengzhou Xu, Tao Chen, Wei Xu","doi":"10.3390/ma18061353","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adapting to extremely harsh service environments is an unavoidable challenge for microwave absorption materials. In this paper, C/PyC/SiC composites were prepared by a vacuum impregnation, curing and cracking process with various preparation cycles, and the stress-strain curves were further discussed. The results show that after three cycles, the C/PyC/SiC composite showed significantly enhanced mechanical properties of 83.59 MPa at around 35.00% strain, and it also possessed the best overall electromagnetic microwave absorption performance, with a minimum reflection loss value of -46.04 dB at 16.06 GHz and 1.90 mm of thickness. All in all, we have introduced an innovative method for fabricating electromagnetic microwave-absorbing materials capable of withstanding harsh environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheological and Microstructural Characterization of Steel Slag Powder-Modified Asphalt Mastics: Insights into High-Temperature Performance Enhancement.","authors":"Xiaodong Xie, Jie Gao, Zongjie Yu, Liang Song, Xuzhi Zhu","doi":"10.3390/ma18061357","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically investigates the rheological modification mechanism of steel slag powder (SSP) as an alternative filler in asphalt mastics, with comparative analysis against conventional limestone powder (LP). Four filler-to-asphalt (F/A) ratios (0.6-1.2) were employed to prepare modified mastics. Comprehensive characterization through laser diffraction analysis, BET nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed SSP's significant microstructural advantages: a 29.2% smaller median particle size (D50) and 7.06% larger specific surface area compared to LP, accompanied by enhanced interparticle connectivity and morphological complexity. Rheological evaluation via dynamic shear rheology (DSR) demonstrated SSP's superior performance enhancement-particularly at elevated F/A ratios (1.0-1.2), where multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests showed a 6.9-46.06% improvement in non-recoverable creep compliance (<i>J_nr</i>) over LP-modified counterparts. The temperature sweep analysis indicated SSP's effectiveness in reducing the temperature susceptibility index by 9.37-18.06% relative to LP. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with two-dimensional correlation analysis (2D-COS) confirmed the dominance of physical interactions over chemical bonding in the SSP-asphalt interface. The results establish SSP's dual functionality as both a rheological modifier and sustainable construction material, providing mechanistic insights for optimizing steel slag utilization in pavement engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial Coating Based on Functionalized MoS₂ Quantum Dots.","authors":"Toby Chan, Soha Ahmadi, Zahra Ramezani, Michael Thompson","doi":"10.3390/ma18061352","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ma18061352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MoS₂ quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method and subsequently functionalized with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. The functionalized QDs were thoroughly characterized, which exhibited antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> at 10 mg/mL. These findings underscore its potential as antifouling coatings for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18281,"journal":{"name":"Materials","volume":"18 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11943794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}