{"title":"Gd3+-doped lithium barium borophosphate glasses: structural, optical and thermoluminescence glow curve investigation utilizing \"R-programming: tgcd\" for dosimetry applications","authors":"Harjeet Kaur , Navjeet Kaur , Supreet Pal Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gd<sup>3+</sup>-doped lithium barium borophosphate glasses were synthesized to explore their feasibility for monitoring radiation doses using thermoluminescence technique. X-ray diffraction exhibited the amorphous glassy state and Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the dual contribution of borate and phosphate vibrational bands. Optical UV–Visible spectra displayed variation with the intercalated Gd<sup>3+</sup> ions. Thermoluminescence glow curve evaluation using specialized ‘R-programming: tgcd’ software facilitated the determination of different kinetic parameters using Chen’s peak shape approach. Glow curve deconvolution indicate the presence of three overlapping TL peaks, attaining a minimum figure of merit value of 0.80 for LBPGd0.8 glass. The dose-response study for LBPGd0.8 showed a strong linearity and high sensitivity, with a correlation coefficient R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99611 for gamma dose ranging from 0.05-10 kGy. Moreover, LBPGd0.8 sample demonstrated great reusability and low fading, making it appropriate for quantitative assessment of absorbed doses in food irradiation, medical diagnosis, and personnel radiation exposure dosimetry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113499"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ihtisham-ul-haq , M.I. Khan , Ming Li , Ola A․Abu Ali , Samy F. Mahmoud
{"title":"Enhancing the efficiency and stability of Cs2AgBiBr6 solar cells via MAPbBr3 decoration","authors":"Ihtisham-ul-haq , M.I. Khan , Ming Li , Ola A․Abu Ali , Samy F. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Eco-friendly perovskite materials like Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub> show promise for sustainable photovoltaics but suffer from efficiency limitations due to their wide bandgap (E<sub>g</sub>) (1.94 eV). This study overcomes this challenge by incorporating 15 % MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> into Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub> via a sol-gel method. Structural analyses show that MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> integration induces compressive lattice strain, reduces dislocation density by 38 %, and increases crystallite size from 27 nm to 33 nm, enhancing crystallinity. Optical analysis reveal a narrowed bandgap (1.90 eV), higher dielectric constants, and refractive indices, improving light absorption and charge generation. Photovoltaic devices with MAPbBr<sub>3</sub>-decorated Cs<sub>2</sub>AgBiBr<sub>6</sub> achieve a 25 % efficiency (η) boost (5.05 % vs. 4.04 %) due to increased short-circuit current density (J<sub>sc</sub>) (6.91 vs. 5.81 mA·cm<sup>−2</sup>) and suppressed recombination. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms improved charge transport, evidenced by a smaller Nyquist plot semicircle. This work demonstrates the potential of hybrid perovskite engineering to enhance solar cell performance while maintaining eco-friendliness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113501"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faris Matalkah , Yazan H. Akkam , Mohammaed A. Zaitoun
{"title":"Surface functionalization of graphene oxide nano powder for enhancement of cement composites","authors":"Faris Matalkah , Yazan H. Akkam , Mohammaed A. Zaitoun","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Applying graphene oxide in cement composites is a new alternative to enhance mechanical properties and durability characteristics. However, graphene oxide in cement may disrupt the hydration process, causing increased gaps between layers, weakening the structure, and reducing its overall strength. This study aims at customizing the properties of graphene oxide nanomaterials using surface modification, to facilitate their advantageous use in concrete applications. The adopted approach relies on surface modification by introducing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) functional groups to improve interaction with the components of cement hydrates and enhance dispersion characteristics. Tailored graphene oxide was synthesized by a two-step process including surface activation using a hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution, followed by the insertion of EDTA. Subsequently, refined graphene oxide was incorporated into the mortar samples at varying concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06 % relative to the cement weight. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanism. The results revealed that the incorporation of tailored graphene oxide with EDTA accelerates the cement hydration and improves the 7-day compressive strength by 20 % whereas the 28-day compressive strength was enhanced by 15 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 113502"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kang Yang , Boliang Li , Zhenjie Li , Yaqiong Wang , Hongliang Chen , Chengyu Wang , Chao Wu , Fangjie Guo , Guoqing Zhang
{"title":"The two-dimensional materials in multidimensional applications","authors":"Kang Yang , Boliang Li , Zhenjie Li , Yaqiong Wang , Hongliang Chen , Chengyu Wang , Chao Wu , Fangjie Guo , Guoqing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, two-dimensional materials have attracted much attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and great biological potential. However, their applications in multidimensional fields such as energy storage, catalytic, tribology, adsorption, and biological applications remain scarcely reported. This may impose limitations on the development of renewable energy technologies and environmental protection, affecting the lifespan and efficiency of mechanical equipment, as well as impacting gas or water pollution treatment. Systematically, this review explores the typical structure, key properties, and multidimensional applications from graphene to transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), next to transition metal oxides (TMOs) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs), as well as graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) and transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXene), finally to black phosphorus (BP). The energy storage capacity and catalytic performance of two-dimensional materials are introduced. After that, the main mechanisms of anti-friction, anti-wear and super- lubrication are summarized. Further, the adsorption capabilities and biological applications of two-dimensional materials are elaborated upon. Finally, this review examines the primary obstacles and future prospects for expanding multidimensional applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113490"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polydiacetylene-zinc oxide-zinc(II)-cationic surfactant nanocomposites as colorimetric sensors of various polymers: Effects of solvents and cationic surfactants","authors":"Sasiwan Boonmak , Mohamed Mehawed Abdellatif , Kotohiro Nomura , Rakchart Traiphol , Nisanart Traiphol","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer industry plays a crucial role in our lifestyle. Different methods have been used to identify polymers, but they are often costly and time-consuming. One of the uncomplicated and worthwhile methods is chromatic sensor. This study demonstrates polydiacetylene (PDA)-based colorimetric sensors for detecting various polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(ethylene succinate), poly(propylene carbonate), and aliphatic polyesters. Preparation of the sensors utilizes simple mixing of PDA/zinc(II) ion/zinc oxide nanocomposites and cationic surfactants in organic solvents. Results show that the structures of organic solvents and cationic surfactants strongly affect the sensitivity to specific polymers. Furthermore, the sensors can distinguish polymers with different functional groups. The colorimetric detection of polymers at different concentrations can be achieved by varying the concentration of cation surfactants. The colorimetric sensors is versatile and low-cost, suitable for real-life applications. Our results provide a new developing path of PDA-based colorimetric sensors for qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis of various polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113500"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compression deformation mechanism and constitutive description of nickel-based superalloy based on electroplasticity effect","authors":"ZhaoPeng Hao, YueShuai Duan, YiHang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the electroplasticity effect, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments were conducted on nickel-based superalloy GH4169 under electrically assisted conditions. The dislocation morphology induced by pulse current during material deformation was studied, and the dynamic mechanism of dislocations under the electroplasticity effect was analyzed. According to the experimental results, it was found that the addition of pulse current reduces the dislocations pile-up in the material, promotes dynamic recrystallization, and thus improves the plasticity of the material. To further investigate the effect of electric field on nickel-based superalloy GH4169, the first principles calculation method was used to analyze the influence law of electric field on the phase structure of Ni- γ Phase, AlNi<sub>3</sub>- γʹ, NbNi<sub>3</sub>- γ″. The simulation results show that the application of an electric field reduces the shear modulus and Young's modulus of the material, making it prone to deformation, which is consistent with the results of the pulse current assisted compression experiment. Finally, based on the dislocation thermal activation theory and the Johnson-Cook constitutive model, the energy obtained by dislocations from free electrons and magnetic fields was analyzed. The constitutive equation under pulsed current is established, and the high accuracy of the established constitutive model is verified through experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PANI-reinforced-ZnS/PDMS-based flexible hybrid piezo-triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered wearable electronics and sensing","authors":"Puneet Sagar, Binay Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for self-powered electronics and wearable sensors requires efficient and cost-effective renewable energy sources. However, conventional individual piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators suffer from limited output performance. To address the challenges, in present work, we have developed PANIx-reinforced-ZnS/PDMS (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt % PANI)-based hybrid piezo-triboelectric nanogenerators (HPTNGs). Piezoelectric ZnS nanoplates and mulberry-shaped PANI nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal and polymerization methods, respectively. The dielectric study revealed that the dielectric constant of ZnS/PDMS increases with increasing PANI concentration. A gradual enhancement in electrical output performance of HPTNG was observed with an increase in PANI concentration. The PANI2.5-ZnS/PDMS-based HPTNG exhibited a high electrical output of ∼ 180 V and ∼ 280 μW/cm². This device was demonstrated to operate commercial devices such as 80 red LEDs, a wristwatch, and a humidity sensor. Also, the HPTNG exhibited remarkable voltage response to various body movements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basma A. Omran , M.O. Abdel-Salam , Hebatullah H. Farghal , Mayyada M.H. El-Sayed , Kwang-Hyun Baek
{"title":"Myco-architecture of proficient antibacterial CuO/Ag2O-grafted graphene oxide nanoconjugates: Characterization and Congo red degradation-assisted by the activation of peroxymonosulfate","authors":"Basma A. Omran , M.O. Abdel-Salam , Hebatullah H. Farghal , Mayyada M.H. El-Sayed , Kwang-Hyun Baek","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The engineering of nanobiomaterials aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals and green chemistry principles. Fungi act as highly efficient nano-biofactories due to their ability to produce a wide range of bioactive metabolites and enzymes that facilitate the green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with unique optical, structural, and functional properties. Herein, a <em>Trichoderma virens</em> filtrate was utilized for the bioengineering of a nanoconjugate (NC). A copper oxide/silver oxide-grafted graphene oxide NC (CuO/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@GO) was synthesized by grafting GO with the fungal-engineered CuO and Ag<sub>2</sub>O NPs in a one-pot reaction using 20 mM of CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O and AgNO<sub>3</sub>. The optical, structural, and morphological characteristics of the CuO/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@GO NC were thoroughly analyzed. X-ray diffraction showed the formation of diamond carbon with a cubic crystal system, with monoclinic tenorite CuO and cubic Ag<sub>2</sub>O. The average crystallite size of the NC was 21.02 nm. The presence of Cu K, Ag L, O K, and C K was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The average hydrodynamic size of the synthesized NC was 204.4 nm. The zeta potential analysis of the CuO/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@GO NC was measured to be +10.1 mV, confirming its good stability. The respective D and G bands of the CuO/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@GO NC occurred at wave numbers of 1369 and 1580 cm<sup>−1</sup>. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy validated the electron-binding affinity of CuO, Ag<sub>2</sub>O, and GO. A Tauc plot was studied using data from a UV–Vis-DRS spectrophotometer, from which the optical band gap was estimated as 2.57 eV. The surface plasmon resonance λ<sub>max</sub> characteristic peaks of GO were observed at 236 and 300 nm, with an absorption band at 450 nm characteristic of the CuO and Ag<sub>2</sub>O NPs. The CuO/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@GO NC demonstrated excellent inhibitory activity against a broad spectrum of pathogenic bacteria using Kirby−Bauer disk diffusion antibacterial testing. For environmental applications, the CuO/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@GO NC displayed efficient peroxymonosulfate-assisted degradation of Congo red with removal efficiencies averaging around 70 % for the initial concentration range of 20–50 ppm. The findings revealed the potency and remarkable performance of the CuO/Ag<sub>2</sub>O@GO NC for environmental applications. Several avenues for future research can further enhance the utility of this composite and address existing challenges by optimizing its synthesis, understanding its mechanisms of action, and exploring its potential in diverse fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113496"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eunseon Chae , Seongjae Myeong , Chung Gi Min , Seoyeong Cheon , In Woo Lee , Young-Seak Lee
{"title":"Synergistic effects of electrodeposited Co(OH)2 nanoflakes on O2 plasma treated activated carbon electrodes for supercapacitor","authors":"Eunseon Chae , Seongjae Myeong , Chung Gi Min , Seoyeong Cheon , In Woo Lee , Young-Seak Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes were electrodeposited on O<sub>2</sub> plasma-treated activated carbon (OAC) electrodes. O<sub>2</sub> plasma treatment introduces oxygen functional groups and simultaneously etches the activated carbon (AC) surface in a short time, maximizing the efficiency of the subsequent electrodeposition process. Electrodeposition enables the rapid and uniform formation of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes through interactions with oxygen functional groups. The resulting OAC@Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> exhibits excellent cycling stability due to its high surface area and hydrophilic functional groups and achieves a high specific capacitance of up to 244.7 F g<sup>-1</sup>. The OAC@Co600//AC exhibited a capacitance retention of 88.9 % after 10,000 cycles and an energy density of 44.6 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at 700 W kg<sup>-1</sup>. The enhanced electrochemical properties were attributed to the synergistic effect of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and OAC with hydrophilic functional groups. Thus, we present an efficient way to fabricate hydrophilic AC-based Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> electrodes via electrodeposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Moreno , V.C. Teixeira , M.A. Ponce , C.E. Macchi , C.M. Aldao , V.D.N. Bezzon , A.Z. Simões , M.A. Ramirez
{"title":"Tuning dielectric and nonohmic properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics with W doping","authors":"H. Moreno , V.C. Teixeira , M.A. Ponce , C.E. Macchi , C.M. Aldao , V.D.N. Bezzon , A.Z. Simões , M.A. Ramirez","doi":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.materresbull.2025.113493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the dielectric and nonohmic properties of the CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>: x % W (<em>x</em> = 0.00, 0.02, 0.010, 2.50, 5.00) denoted as CCTO, W002, W010, W250, and W500, respectively. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed a pseudo-cubic perovskite phase (Im-3 space group) for samples, and a CaCu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/CaWO<sub>4</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite system for high W content (W250, W500), supported by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy identified <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>u</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>″</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>/</mo><msubsup><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>″</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math></span> vacancies as the main defects induced by W incorporation, influencing charge carrier mobility at grain boundaries, thus affecting sintering, grain size, and morphology. Lower W content (W002) resulted in a high dielectric response (<em>ε</em>∼1.2 × 10<sup>4</sup>) with improved tan<em>δ</em> (0.02). Conversely, W250 exhibited higher nonlinear coefficient (α∼38), with low leakage current (<em>I<sub>L</sub></em>∼14.6 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and breakdown voltage (<em>Eb</em>∼198 V. cm<sup>−1</sup>). This solid-state synthesis method provides a way to customize TiO<sub>2</sub>/CaWO<sub>4</sub>-doped CCTO matrices, showcasing promising varistor characteristics that are well-suited for hybrid capacitor-varistor devices and related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18265,"journal":{"name":"Materials Research Bulletin","volume":"190 ","pages":"Article 113493"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}