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Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals最新文献

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Improving the Nonlinearity of Silica by Poling at Higher Temperature and Voltage 利用高温高压极化改善二氧化硅的非线性
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.5
A. C. Liu, D. Pureur, M. Digonnet, G. Kino, E. Knystautas
{"title":"Improving the Nonlinearity of Silica by Poling at Higher Temperature and Voltage","authors":"A. C. Liu, D. Pureur, M. Digonnet, G. Kino, E. Knystautas","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.5","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal poling of silica offers the exciting prospect of achieving, for the first time, low-loss electro-optic switches and modulators in a fiber form, devices that can be fusion spliced to a single mode fiber with negligible loss, unlike any other existing modulator. For this to become possible, both the depth (a few microns) and the nonlinear coefficient (0.5-1 pm/V) of the nonlinear region induced in silica by standard thermal poling must be increased. These objectives may be met by optimizing the glass composition and/or the poling process.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127256083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Photosensitivity of oxygen deficient type bulk silica and fibers 缺氧型块状二氧化硅和纤维的光敏性
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.5
J. Lee, G. Sigel, Jie Li
{"title":"Photosensitivity of oxygen deficient type bulk silica and fibers","authors":"J. Lee, G. Sigel, Jie Li","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.5","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of fiber gratings, the investigations of optical phenomena induced by UV-laser irradiation such as the photosensitivity of silica-based glasses and optical fibers have been areas of active research. The severe conditions implicit in the fiber fabrication process including high melting temperatures, shear stress, neck down and rapid quenching were found to generate structural defects that are different from those present in bulk rods. Subsequent exposure of the fibers to UV-laser radiation therefore results in the modified photosensitivity of the drawn fibers. In this study, the effects of UV excimer laser (KrF) irradiation on the optical properties of silica fibers are compared to bulk rods from which they have been drawn.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122477941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strong Bragg Gratings Induced with 248 nm Light in Buried Silicon Oxynitride Waveguides 248nm光在埋置氮化硅波导中诱导强Bragg光栅
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.pdp6
J. Hübner, D. Wiesmann, R. Germann, B. Offrein, Martin Kristensen
{"title":"Strong Bragg Gratings Induced with 248 nm Light in Buried Silicon Oxynitride Waveguides","authors":"J. Hübner, D. Wiesmann, R. Germann, B. Offrein, Martin Kristensen","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.pdp6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.pdp6","url":null,"abstract":"Highly temperature-stable, 33-dB Bragg gratings have been induced in germanium-free silicon oxynitride waveguides. A fringeless pre-exposure is necessary to photosensitize the deuterium-loaded samples.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"24 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126259433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
NMR and IR study of the functionality of electrode glasses 电极玻璃功能的核磁共振和红外研究
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.38
C. Jäger, K. Glock, B. Thomas
{"title":"NMR and IR study of the functionality of electrode glasses","authors":"C. Jäger, K. Glock, B. Thomas","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.38","url":null,"abstract":"During conditioning of glass electrodes in aqueous solutions a hydrated layer is formed, which is responsible for the pNa+ sensitivity. For a detailed understanding of this effect the structure of the bulk glass as well as of the hydrated layer is of particular importance. 27Al and 11B MAS NMR were used to investigate Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2 and Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glasses. The 27Al MAS spectra can be interpreted in terms of two different structural units. We can distinguish between AlO4 tetrahedra connected to Q4 groups only and AlO4 tetrahedra linked to Q3m groups. In a similar way two BO4 units can be detected which are linked to SiO4 units or BO3. In both cases only one of the two structural units is removed during the reaction in hydrous solution which can easily be concluded from the changes of the 11B and 27Al MAS lineshape. In summary criteria for a good pNa+ sensitivity could formulate in terms of certain structural units which must be present in the bulk glass. Also, the swelling layer must contain a large content of Q4 and the H2O/SiOH ratio must be sufficiently high.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129848987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Radiation-induced density and absorption changes in fused silica 熔融石英中辐射诱导的密度和吸收变化
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.1
T. Seward, C. Smith, N. Borrelli, D. Allan, R. Araujo
{"title":"Radiation-induced density and absorption changes in fused silica","authors":"T. Seward, C. Smith, N. Borrelli, D. Allan, R. Araujo","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.1","url":null,"abstract":"A major growing application for fused silica is as microlithography lenses for integrated circuit manufacture using deep ultraviolet excimer laser radiation at 248 nm (KrF) and 193 nm (ArF) wavelengths. Such short wavelength radiation, while allowing higher image resolution, can cause structural changes in the glass which can adversely affect lens performance. These changes are manifest as color centers and glass densification.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115100427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Profile Noise on the Spectral Response of Fiber Gratings 轮廓噪声对光纤光栅光谱响应的影响
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.13
F. Ouellette
{"title":"The Effect of Profile Noise on the Spectral Response of Fiber Gratings","authors":"F. Ouellette","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.13","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber Bragg gratings are now finding more and more commercial applications, particularly in Wavelength-Division-Multiplexed (WDM) optical communication systems. For such systems, the fiber grating response must meet stringent requirements of wavelength accuracy, stability, bandwidth, channel isolation and, for dispersion compensators, group delay ripple. It is important for fiber grating manufacturers to understand the factors that can degrade the response of a fiber grating, and what tolerances this places on the manufacturing system.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133888455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
An Ion Exchange Model for Extended-Duration Thermal Poling of Bulk Fused Silica 块状熔融二氧化硅长时间热极化的离子交换模型
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.2
T. Alley, R. Myers, S. Brueck
{"title":"An Ion Exchange Model for Extended-Duration Thermal Poling of Bulk Fused Silica","authors":"T. Alley, R. Myers, S. Brueck","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.2","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal poling induces a strong second-order nonlinearity in bulk fused silica.1 The non-linearity occurs on the anode side of the poled glass; various measurements have shown that the nonlinear region is ~ 5 to 15 μm thick; and that the nonlinearity scales linearly with the applied poling voltage. The formation of the nonlinearity is a dynamic process involving mobile ionic charge carriers.2 We present experimental observations of additional aspects of this dynamic process along with a model that demonstrates that ion exchange can play a role in the formation of the nonlinearity.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129324103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kinetics of defect centers formation and photosensitivity in Ge-SiO2 fibers of various compositions 不同成分Ge-SiO2纤维缺陷中心形成及光敏性动力学
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.4
T. Tsai, E. Friebele
{"title":"Kinetics of defect centers formation and photosensitivity in Ge-SiO2 fibers of various compositions","authors":"T. Tsai, E. Friebele","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.4","url":null,"abstract":"It was reported that the Ge E' center is related to second harmonic generation (SHG) in Ge-SiO21. Since the Ge E' center is known as hole-trapping center, this suggests that the positive charge trapping sites for SHG in Ge-SiO2 are Ge E' centers. However, in a later, detailed thermal stability study, we reported2 that only a variant of the Ge E' center, i.e., Ge E’d1, has thermal stability similar to SHG. This suggests that not all of the observed Ge E' centers are charged.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116595536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The nature of optically active defect centers in vitreous silicon dioxide. 玻璃体二氧化硅中光学活性缺陷中心的性质。
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsua.1
L. Skuja
{"title":"The nature of optically active defect centers in vitreous silicon dioxide.","authors":"L. Skuja","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsua.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsua.1","url":null,"abstract":"Point defects are detrimental to the most applications which make use of the otherwise excellent optical and dielectric properties of vitreous SiO2. One notable exception to this rule is the writing of photoinduced gratings in SiO2:GeO2 glass fibers. There is ample evidence that the photosensitivity is connected to the presence of point defects in the glass, particularly, to the presence of the so called \"oxygen deficiency centers\" (ODC’s). While significant advances in optimizing the photoinduced grating writing have been made in recent years, the basic understanding of the underlying microscopic defect processes is still insufficient. The nature of a number of defect-related optical bands is still a matter of discussions. Most unsatisfactorily, the structure of the \"key defect\" to the fiber writing, the ODC, remains controversial.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122157023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Optical Pushbroom in action 光学扫把在行动
Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmb.4
N. Broderick, D. Taverner, D. Richardson, M. Ibsen, R. Laming
{"title":"The Optical Pushbroom in action","authors":"N. Broderick, D. Taverner, D. Richardson, M. Ibsen, R. Laming","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmb.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmb.4","url":null,"abstract":"The area of nonlinear pulse interactions in Bragg grating structures, although largely unexplored, contains many interesting and novel effects. Perhaps the simplest of these is the CW switching of a weak probe by a strong pump. Recall that a Bragg grating reflects strongly around the Bragg resonance frequency ω0 which is inversely proportion to the average refractive index. In a nonlinear medium the presence of a strong pump alters the refractive index, and thus frequencies which were reflected (or transmitted) by the grating can be transmitted (or reflected). This effect was first seen by LaRochelle et al. in 19901 and to date this is the only experimental work done in this area. However since then considerable theoretical work has been done onpulse interactions2 in fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs). Also experimental reports of nonlinear propagation in FBGs have started appearing in the literature3,4. A major factor in this upsurge of interest has been the development of techniques for writing long gratings at arbitrary wavelengths using the side illumination of fibres with UV light. This fact coupled with the latest generation of high power fibre sources allows the exploration of pulse interactions in FBGs in great detail.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121810342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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