Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals最新文献

Long Period Gratings Formed in Depressed Cladding Fibres 压制包层纤维中形成的长周期光栅

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1997-10-23 DOI: 10.1049/EL:19971247

L. Dong, L. Reekie, J. Cruz

{"title":"Long Period Gratings Formed in Depressed Cladding Fibres","authors":"L. Dong, L. Reekie, J. Cruz","doi":"10.1049/EL:19971247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1049/EL:19971247","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a significant interest in long period gratings, primarily due to their applications in gain-flattened erbium doped fibre amplifiers [1]. Up till now, cladding modes supported by the glass-air interface of an optical fibre have been used in a forward mode coupling scheme involving also the guided fundamental mode of the optical fibre. Here we propose an alternative technique. In a single mode depressed cladding fibre of an appropriate design (an example is given in fig. 1), the higher order LP11 mode can be made to be a leaky mode in such a structure, i.e. it can propagate for a short length before being stripped off the high index region beyond the depressed cladding. This enables coupling between the guided fundamental LP01 and leaky LP11 modes, despite the fact that the optical fibre is single-moded. This coupling was first observed in [2], where a Bragg grating caused strong coupling into the backward-propagating leaky LP11 mode and much weaker coupling into a series of cladding modes. In a forward coupling scheme with a long period gratings (several hundred micrometres pitch), the LP01 mode can be coupled into the forward propagating leaky LP11 mode, therefore creating a loss peak in the transmission in the same way as when the LP01 mode is coupled into a cladding mode supported by the glass-air interface of the optical fibre which is subsequently stripped off over the coated section of the optical fibre. Two advantages are anticipated, I) potentially much stronger coupling due to the much large modal overlap possible and II), insensitivity to the glass-air interface as the LP11 mode is supported mainly by the core. It must be stressed that as the LP11 mode is an asymmetrical mode, the coupling from LP01 to LP11 will not occur if a circularly symmetrical grating is written over the core of the fibre, but this is not usually a problem when H2 or D2 loading is used, because of the asymmetry of the index change in such gratings due to strong absorption induced at the writing wavelength.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126391188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Effect of Minority Species on Thermal Poling of Fused Silica Glasses 少数物质对熔融石英玻璃热极化的影响

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1997-10-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.3

N. Wada, Morinaga Kenji, H. Takebe, V. Pruneri, P. Kazansky

引用次数: 1

Fundamentals of Glass Poling: From Self-Organization to Electric-Field Poling 玻璃极化基础:从自组织到电场极化

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1997-10-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btuc.6

P. Kazansky, V. Pruneri

引用次数: 2

Dispersion Compensation Gratings 色散补偿光栅

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1997-10-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btua.7

R. Laming, M. Ibsen, M. Durkin, M. Cole, M. Zervas, K. Ennser, V. Gusmeroli

引用次数: 4

Hydrogen, defects, and compaction of pure and doped vitreous silica 氢，缺陷，纯和掺杂玻璃二氧化硅的压实

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.2

J. Shelby, M. Bergomi

引用次数: 0

Electro-thermal poling of microfibers 微纤维的电热极化

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.2

I. Carvalho, C. Cordeiro, L. Valente, E. Hering, W. Margulis, F. Laurell, R. Stubbe

{"title":"Electro-thermal poling of microfibers","authors":"I. Carvalho, C. Cordeiro, L. Valente, E. Hering, W. Margulis, F. Laurell, R. Stubbe","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.btud.2","url":null,"abstract":"In-fiber modulators are extremely attractive for telecommunication applications, and electro-thermal polin can be used to induce the necessary second-order nonlinearity in the glass fiber [1]. Long et al. have recently reported a way of mounting and poling D-fibers that is extensible to volume manufacturing and a relatively low voltage modulator has been demonstrated [2]. D-fibers are rugged, particularly if inbeded i a resin such as polyimide, but restrict the choice of available fibers, are not easily spliced, and a part of the voltage applied externally is wasted in biasing the cladding, unless further polishing/etching is used to remove the cladding and leave only the core region of the fiber. In the present work, we describe an alternative approach to making a fiber modulator, where pieces of conventional fiber are used, the central part of which is etched to the core and subsequently poled. After etching, the fibers have a diameter of ~10 μm and therefore are referred to as microfibers. Microfibers are surprisingly strong for their diameter and have some unique advantages. They can be fabricated with any fiber, the two ends that are not etched are truly easily spliceable, and the applied voltage during poling and in later use of the modulator develops mainly in the core, ensuring a large overlap integral.","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124981409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photosensitivity as it relates with glass macroproperties 感光性与玻璃宏观特性的关系

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.14

A. V. Cardoso

引用次数: 0

Thermal stabilities of strong UV written gratings in sol-gel germanosilicate planar waveguides. 溶胶-凝胶锗硅平面波导中强紫外写入光栅的热稳定性。

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.bmg.14

A. D. Razafimahatratra, M. Benatsou, M. Bouazaoui, W. Xie, C. Mathieu, A. Dacosta, M. Douay

引用次数: 0

Nonlinear Index of refraction of germanium selenide glass at 10.6 μm 硒化锗玻璃10.6 μm处的非线性折射率

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jsue.32

C. Schardt, J. Simmons, L. Leneindre, P. Lucas, J. Lucas

引用次数: 0

Mode Profile Modification of H Beam-Implanted Waveguides Using UV Processing 利用紫外处理技术修饰H束植入波导的模式轮廓

Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.6

J. Canning, M. L. von Bibra, A. Roberts

{"title":"Mode Profile Modification of H Beam-Implanted Waveguides Using UV Processing","authors":"J. Canning, M. L. von Bibra, A. Roberts","doi":"10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/bgppf.1997.jma.6","url":null,"abstract":"UV photosensitivity in planar waveguides has primarily concentrated on the generation of sufficient oxygen-deficient centres using germanosilicate glass. There exists a wide range of methods fo fabricating such glasses, all with varying degrees of photosensitivity. Empirically, in planar waveguide at least, the degree of photosensitivity seems to be closely related to the defect induced losses such a increased Rayleigh scattering. For example, waveguides fabricated using flame hydrolysis exhibit very low propagation losses indicating a high level of purity of the glass. Consequently, this material requires sensitisation with hydrogen in order to achieve sizeable index changes with uv irradiation [1]. On the other hand, recent developments have allowed the demonstration of ultra-strong Bragg gratings in unsensitised PECVD-based glass [2], although at the expense of significantly higher propagation losses. A somewhat more impressive demonstration of photosensitivity has been the demonstration of direct waveguide writing with a mercury lamp in organically-derived glass using sol-gel methods [3]. By incorporating organic components into the glass silica polymer matrix, index change is achieved through polymerization of the organic ends which is a substantially different mechanism to that relying upon oxygen deficient centre absorptions. Low propagation losses, whilst maintaining a large photosensitivity, have been achieved this way. In addition to these materials, strong uv photosensitivity has also been observed in ion beam implanted material, mainly with Si2+ and Ge3+ implanted germanosilicate glass [4,5] although some work has been reported on changes in the uv spectra of H+ implanted germanosilicate waveguides [6].","PeriodicalId":182420,"journal":{"name":"Bragg Gratings, Photosensitivity, and Poling in Glass Fibers and Waveguides: Applications and Fundamentals","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116746605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1