Magnesium research最新文献

{"title":"Magnesium and the blood-brain barrier in vitro: effects on permeability and magnesium transport.","authors":"Valentina Romeo, A. Cazzaniga, J. Maier","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0454","url":null,"abstract":"The blood-brain barrier (BBB) tightly regulates the homeostasis of the central nervous system, and its dysfunction has been described in several neurological disorders. Since magnesium exerts a protective effect in the brain, we assessed whether supraphysiological concentrations of different magnesium salts modulate the permeability and magnesium transport in in vitro models of rat and human BBB. Among various formulations tested, magnesium pidolate was the most efficient in reducing the permeability and in enhancing magnesium transport through the barrier. We then compared magnesium pidolate and magnesium sulfate, a widely used salt in experimental models and in clinical practice. Magnesium pidolate performs better than sulfate also in preventing lipopolysaccharide-induced damage to in vitro generated BBB. We conclude that magnesium pidolate emerges as an interesting alternative to sulfate to protect BBB and maintain correct intracerebral concentrations of magnesium.","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"32 1 1","pages":"16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45479677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium and elderly patient: the explored paths and the ones to be explored: a review.","authors":"F. Lo Piano, A. Corsonello, F. Corica","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0453","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium is an essential bivalent cation. Its fine balance in human organism is extremely important and is involved in a wide range of functions. We need to maintain its amount in human organism within range considered as physiological. This is particularly true for elderly people, and especially for \"frail\" elderly people, whose systems and apparatuses are in a state of serious homeostatic precariousness. In fact, hypomagnesemia is involved in a very large range of pathological conditions (requiring multiple therapies) that could compromise elderly's autonomy. The aim of this review has been to go through the most important trials, in order to understand the direction taken by research during the last years and to detect the room for improvement in this field. We have tried to understand when magnesium content is truly physiological or pathological, and how we could prevent an inappropriately low magnesium intake in elderly people. First of all, we have remarked the absolute need of an adequate evaluation method for magnesium content in human organism. Current literature appropriately encourages the use of a synoptic assessment of magnesium serum concentration, urinary excretion, and dietary intake. We have also discussed the most important trials relating hypomagnesaemia with human pathology. Specific studies conducted on elderly patients have extensively demonstrated its decisive role in maintaining bone health, adequate glyco-metabolic compensation, a correct cardiac and vascular functional profile, and probably also a physiological psycho-cognitive profile. From the implications discussed above, therefore, it is essential to ensure physiological levels of magnesium in body, particularly in geriatric patient, itself more prone to a reduction in the level of cation. We have concluded, according to the literature, that the best way to prevent hypomagnesemia and its clinical implications in elderly subjects is represented by a proper diet (more fiber and complex carbohydrates, more vegetable proteins, less sugars and fats), which ensures an adequate supply of cation. If with diet alone (due to comorbidity or other concomitant factors) it has not been possible to guarantee suitable serum levels of cation, or in the case of a patient defined as \"frail elderly\", a reintegration therapy (per os) will be undertaken, after a careful analysis of renal function.","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"32 1 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypomagnesemia in adults of northern Serbia: prevalence, nutritional risk factors, and associated comorbidities.","authors":"V. Čabarkapa, M. Đerić, M. Todorović, J. Sudji, B. Ilinčić, A. Trifu, S. Davidović","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0452","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is associated with numerous non-communicable diseases. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in the general adult population of Northern Serbia (NS), and to determine the level of Mg in drinking water. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study with 5,122 adults from the general population. Serum level of Mg was determined by spectrophotometry, while the level of Mg in the drinking water was done by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Standard laboratory methods were used to determine individual's blood lipid status and complete blood count. RESULTS The prevalence of hypomagnesemia (Mg < 0.75 mmol/L) in the general population was 2.7%, while the prevalence of the subjects with high risk for the Mg deficiency (Mg 0.75-0.85 mmol/L) was 20.1%. The public water supply showed variable values between 17.3-35.3 mg/L. Age, systolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes mellitus, and glycemia increase with the decrease of Mg level. In addition, increased level of Mg was associated with higher red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hypomagnesemia in Northern Serbia is low (2.7%) and level of Mg in drinking water is not satisfactory. Serum level of Mg in the range 0.75-0.85 mmol/L is present in about 1/5 of the population. Glycemia, advanced age, gender, and smoking have a predictive role in hypomagnesemia occurrence. There is a significant correlation between serum level of Mg and lifestyle and dietary habits.","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"275 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67569530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium and thiazide diuretics.","authors":"Klaus Kisters,&nbsp;Uwe Gröber","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"31 4","pages":"143-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37238228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of magnesium supplementation on gene expression related to inflammatory markers, vascular endothelial growth factor, and pregnancy outcomes in patients with gestational diabetes.","authors":"Shahnaz Ahmadi,&nbsp;Maryam Naderifar,&nbsp;Mansooreh Samimi,&nbsp;Naghmeh Mirhosseini,&nbsp;Elahe Amirani,&nbsp;Esmat Aghadavod,&nbsp;Zatollah Asemi","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium has been introduced as one of the micronutrients with several metabolic benefits, mainly anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplementation on gene expression of inflammatory markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 36 women, aged 18-40 years old, diagnosed with GDM. Study participants were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either 250 mg/day magnesium oxide (n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) for six weeks. Gene expression related to inflammatory markers and VEGF was assessed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of women with GDM, via RT-PCR method. Quantitative results of RT-PCR demonstrated that magnesium supplementation downregulated gene expression levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) (P = 0.03) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P = 0.006) and upregulated gene expression levels of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) (P = 0.03) in PBMCs of women with GDM, compared with placebo. Magnesium supplementation did not significantly affect gene expression of IL-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor. Additionally, magnesium administration resulted in a lower incidence of newborn hyperbilirubinemia (11.1% versus 44.4%, P = 0.02) and newborn hospitalization (11.1% versus 44.4%, P = 0.02) compared with placebo. Overall, magnesium supplementation for six weeks significantly decreased gene expression levels of IL-8 and TNF-α, and increased TGF-β in women with GDM. Therefore, magnesium supplementation might be recommended to decrease metabolic complications in women with GDM, due to its beneficial effects on gene expression of inflammatory markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"31 4","pages":"131-142"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37249871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlations between feeding type and blood ionized magnesium levels in Japanese preterm infants.","authors":"Akiko Watanabe,&nbsp;Hiromichi Shoji,&nbsp;Atsuko Awaji,&nbsp;Naho Ikeda,&nbsp;Natsuki Ohkawa,&nbsp;Hiroki Suganuma,&nbsp;Masato Kantake,&nbsp;Toshiaki Shimizu","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although magnesium (Mg) contents are different between breast milk and formula, few studies have investigated the blood Mg level in breast fed or formula fed preterm infants. We examined the influence of feeding type on serum Mg and whole blood ionized Mg (iMg) levels in preterm infants soon after birth. We included 115 preterm infants born between gestational weeks 32 and 35. Infants were separated into two groups: breast milk (BM) dominant group (n = 30) receiving ≥70% of Mg intake from BM and mixed-fed (MF) group (n = 85) receiving ≥30% of Mg intake from formula. Blood levels of Mg, iMg, Ca, and iCa at day 1 of age and at discharge from the hospital were compared between the groups. No differences in the Mg and iMg levels at day 1 of age were observed between the two groups. The Mg and iMg levels at discharge were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the BM group than in the MF group; 0.86 (interquartile range 0.81-0.91) versus 0.91 (0.86-0.99) mmol/L and 0.46 (0.41-0.51) versus 0.52 (0.47-0.57) mmol/L, respectively. There were no differences in the Ca and iCa levels between the two groups. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, the percentage of BM intake was a significant independent predictor of the Mg and iMg levels. The feeding type influenced serum Mg and blood iMg levels in preterm infants soon after birth. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of Mg on growth and the optimal range of blood Mg levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"31 4","pages":"110-116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37238229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of magnesium gluconate administration on lipid metabolism, antioxidative status, and related gene expression in rats fed a high-fat diet.","authors":"Qian Zhang,&nbsp;Peng-Hui Zhou,&nbsp;Xiao-Li Zhou,&nbsp;Da-Long Zhang,&nbsp;Qing Gu,&nbsp;Shu-Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Jing-Shu Zhang,&nbsp;Zhi-Yong Qian","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2019.0445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2019.0445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the effect of magnesium gluconate (MgG) on lipid metabolism and its regulation mechanism through animal experiments, and to provide basis for MgG dietary intervention in hyperlipidemia. The first four weeks was hyperlipidemia-inducing period through high-fat diet and the following eight weeks was the MgG supplementation. At the end of the experiment, blood and liver samples were collected for the measurements of lipid profile, antioxidative indexes, pathological examination, and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression. Oral administration of MgG notably decreased the blood levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and liver function index ALT and AST of hyperlipidemic rats. The rats supplemented with magnesium showed a huge increase in the GSH-Px and SOD activities, and reduced the heart weight and liver lipid accumulation of high-fat diet fed rats. MgG remarkably up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of LDLR and CYP7A1 of liver enzymes related to cholesterol metabolism. Oral magnesium supplementation inhibited an increase in lipid profile and liver function index by a high-fat diet, and enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. Magnesium has lipid-lowering and antioxidative effects that protect the liver against hyperlipidemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"31 4","pages":"117-130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37252863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium in addiction - a general view.","authors":"Mihai Nechifor","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2018.0443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2018.0443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addiction is a dysregulation of brain reward systems that progressively increases, resulting in compulsive drug use and loss of control over drug-taking. Addiction is a brain disease. There is evidence that magnesium deficit is involved in addiction to various addictive substances (heroin, morphine, cocaine, nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and others). Magnesium is involved in all the stages of addiction. Magnesium deficit enhances the vulnerability to psychoactive substance addiction. Stress and trauma reduce the brain magnesium level and at the same time favor addiction development. In experimental studies, administration of magnesium while inducing morphine dependence in rats reduced the dependence intensity. Magnesium reduces the NMDA receptor activity and the glutamatergic activity. Because stress and trauma induce hypomagnesemia with increased vulnerability to addiction, magnesium intake by people who are under prolonged stress could be a way to reduce this vulnerability and the development of addiction to different psychoactive substances. Anxiety and depression appear to be associated with increases in drug-related harm and addictive substance use. Magnesium anxiolytic effect could be important for the antiaddictive action. Addiction is characterized by relapses. Magnesium deficiency may be a contributing factor to these relapses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"31 3","pages":"90-98"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/mrh.2018.0443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36915249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of magnesium and zinc in depression: similarities and differences.","authors":"Bernadeta Szewczyk,&nbsp;Aleksandra Szopa,&nbsp;Anna Serefko,&nbsp;Ewa Poleszak,&nbsp;Gabriel Nowak","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2018.0442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2018.0442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antidepressant therapy exhibits low clinical efficacy and produces a variety of unwanted side effects. Therefore, the search for more effective antidepressants is still in progress. Antidepressant properties of magnesium and zinc have been demonstrated in animal screen tests/models and clinical studies. Moreover, these bio-elements enhance antidepressant activity of conventional antidepressants in these behavioral paradigms. As for magnesium, clinical studies demonstrated equivocal results concerning its supplementary effectiveness in the treatment of depression. Generally, some depressed patients with hypomagnesemia responded very well to such supplementation, whereas response of other patients was weaker. Clinical data on the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in the therapy of depression are much more robust. A number of studies demonstrated enhancement of the efficacy of pharmacotherapy by zinc supplementation in major depression. What is important, recent studies demonstrate that zinc supplementation augments efficacy of antidepressants also in treatment-resistant patients. All the available data indicate the importance of magnesium and zinc in the therapy of depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"31 3","pages":"78-89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/mrh.2018.0442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36915248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varying magnesium concentration elicits changes in inflammatory response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).","authors":"Lujain A Almousa,&nbsp;Andrew M Salter,&nbsp;Simon C Langley-Evans","doi":"10.1684/mrh.2018.0439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2018.0439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of this study were to determine whether low concentrations of magnesium in vitro exacerbated the human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) response to inflammatory challenge, and whether expression of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) played a role in this process. HUVECs were incubated with different concentrations of Mg (low- 0.1mM, control- 1mM, high- 5mM) for 72 h before being stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 4 h. The response of cells to LPS was greater in cells cultured in low Mg, relative to control cells and suppressed in high Mg. Expression of NF-κB was increased in low-Mg and decreased with high Mg. Low Mg increased the expression of TLR4 mRNA, but only in the presence of LPS. Antibody blockade of TLR4 but not TLR2 blunted the response of cells to LPS in low Mg, such that they were similar to unblocked 1mM Mg cells. Associations of Mg with cardiovascular disease may therefore relate to inflammatory responses mediated through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":18159,"journal":{"name":"Magnesium research","volume":"31 3","pages":"99-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1684/mrh.2018.0439","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36763508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}