Macromolecular Materials and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Exploring Thermal and Mechanical Strains During Laying Down Process in Fused Filament Fabrication","authors":"Boubakeur Mecheri,&nbsp;Jaianth Vijayakumar,&nbsp;Elodie Boller,&nbsp;Sofiane Guessasma","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Residual stress and internal strain in 3D printing can result in cracking and delamination. Here, we investigate the strain incurred during the deposition process in fused filament fabrication with a focus on polylactic acid (PLA) polymer. Specific geometries are employed to analyse thermal cycling and strain development, utilizing high-resolution infrared camera and strain gauges. We investigate various printing parameters such as printing temperature, base temperature, and printing speed. Both thermal cycling and strain development were characterized throughout the printing procedure. Our results show that strain arises from both mechanical pressure exerted by the nozzle and thermal transfer between layers. During heating, strain reached up to 0.25 µε (microstrain), while cooling induced compressive behavior. The real strain, independent of thermal effects, peaked at 0.07 µε, with the first five layers showing the largest variations. Increasing base temperature to 80°C reduced strain fluctuations (0.009–0.010 µε). X-ray microtomography revealed 0.22% porosity, and thermal imaging measured heat penetration up to 4 mm, with cooling rates of −130°C/s slowing to −75°C/s. These findings highlight the critical role of printing parameters on residual stresses and structural integrity in 3D printed PLA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent Polyethers Incorporating Perylene Diimide Derivatives: Investigating a Strategy of Limiting Aggregation","authors":"Konstantinos C. Andrikopoulos,&nbsp;Stefania Aivali,&nbsp;Aikaterini K. Andreopoulou","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500268","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Incorporating perylene diimide (PDI) into polymeric structures is a promising strategy to suppress its aggregation-caused quenching. However, achieving this while maintaining desirable material properties remains a challenge. This work aims to the realization of polymeric fluorophores via the incorporation of perylene diimide (PDI) derivatives onto the main chain of poly(arylene ethers) containing different organic chromophores as comonomers. The potentiality of PDI-based polymers for the emitting layer of organic light-emitting diodes is studied herein. Different percentages of the perylene diimide derivative were used to ensure emission from the PDI core components, while minimizing their strong <i>π–π</i> stacking tendency and thus their emission quenching. Two different chromophore combinations were employed with the potential to obtain white light-emitting copolymers. The first involved the use of two fluorophores, namely, a diacetoxystyrylcarbazole derivative along with the perylene moiety. The latter involved the use of a diacetoxystyryl anthracene moiety to facilitate better energy transfer to the perylene moiety. In both cases, the emission of the perylene core component was observed, providing a synthetic strategy to suppress the aggregation tendency of PDI.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filler Size Hybridization and Dielectrophoretic Structuring of Soft Polymer Based Thermally Conductive Composites","authors":"Omar Zahhaf,&nbsp;Giulia D'Ambrogio,&nbsp;François Grasland,&nbsp;Guilhem Rival,&nbsp;Minh Quyen Le,&nbsp;Pierre-Jean Cottinet,&nbsp;Jean-Fabien Capsal","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500271","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study offers a detailed exploration of the dielectrophoretic structuring of filler size hybrid thermally conductive composites, emphasizing the impact of filler size hybridization on the thermal and mechanical properties of PDMS-Al₂O₃ composites. By comparing the performance of monodisperse and hybrid composites, we highlight the advantages of size hybridization in optimizing composite properties. The results indicate significant improvements in thermal conductivity and mechanical stiffness due to enhanced filler packing density and more efficient structuring. Our investigation into various compositions and size ratios reveals optimal thermal properties at specific hybridization levels, suggesting key parameters for superior composite performance. These results demonstrate the advantage of combining size hybridization with dielectrophoretic structuring to design advanced composites for thermal management, while emphasizing the need for future studies to tackle environmental concerns and investigate alternative polymer matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500271","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Characterization of Porous Photo-Crosslinked Hybrid Networks Based on Collagen-Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate)","authors":"Agustin Rios de Anda,&nbsp;Anne-Constance Macarez,&nbsp;Marc Ankoné,&nbsp;Steve Spoljaric,&nbsp;Lieke H. A. van Dommelen,&nbsp;Elly M.M. Versteeg,&nbsp;Toin H. van Kuppevelt,&nbsp;Willeke F. Daamen,&nbsp;Dirk W. Grijpma,&nbsp;André A. Poot,&nbsp;Bas van Bochove","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Combining natural hydrophilic polymers with synthetic hydrophobic polymers into photo-crosslinked hybrid networks has the potential to overcome the disadvantages of the individual components. Materials with good bioactivity as well as suitable mechanical properties and control over degradation behavior can also be prepared. Here, we prepared hybrid networks from methacrylated insoluble collagen I (ICol-MA) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC-tMA) and investigated their thermomechanical behaviour and structural characteristics. Hybrid networks with ICol-MA to PTMC-tMA ratios of 35:65 and 20:80 were prepared. These networks had high porosities (&gt;74%) and gel contents (&gt;74%). The network density of the networks increased with increasing collagen content as shown by both dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA, an increase from 2 to 16 (mol/g)·10⁴) and Solid State Time-Domain Double Quantum (DQ) ¹H NMR experiments (an increase from 181.1 to 201.8 Hz). The tensile modulus increased with increasing collagen content from 1.8 MPa for PTMC to 14.3 MPa for the hybrid network with 35% ICol. DQ ¹H NMR showed the presence of trapped PTMC entanglements and their effect on network density. The composition of these hybrid networks affects the molecular environment and hence the properties of the obtained networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Using Environmentally Benign Organic Acid Catalysts: A Sustainable, Metal-Free, and Solvent-Free Route to Ring-Opening Polymerization","authors":"Suguru Motokucho,&nbsp;Yusei Mito,&nbsp;Moe Sasai,&nbsp;Anh Thi Ngoc Dao,&nbsp;Hisayuki Nakatani","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500425","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500425","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal-free polymerization is required to prevent contamination of polymeric materials by residual metal catalysts. In this study, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of <i>ε</i>-caprolactone (CL) is investigated under bulk conditions at 100°C using benzyl alcohol (BnOH) as the initiator and seven environmentally benign organic acids (EBOAs) as activators (catalysts). In all cases, ROP yields poly(<i>ε</i>-caprolactone) (PCL) with narrow polydispersities (<i>Ð</i>). Kinetic analysis shows first-order behavior, indicating a controlled process. The reaction rate constant (<i>k</i>) correlates with the acidity (p<i>K</i>_a) of EBOAs, with stronger acids (lower p<i>K</i>_a) exhibiting higher catalytic activity among those tested. Substituting BnOH with alternative alcohol initiators produces PCL bearing well-defined heterotelechelic end groups, such as ally or polyethylene glycol moieties. Hydroxy-terminated PCL enables further post-polymerization, including chain extension and block polymerization (poly(<i>ε</i>-caprolactone)–<i>b–</i>poly(<i>δ</i>-valerolactone); PCL–<i>b–</i>PVL) with <i>δ</i>-valerolactone using EBOAs, while preserving narrow <i>Ð</i>. Moreover, the composition unit in PCL–<i>b–</i>PVL can be tuned by selecting EBOAs of different acidity, directly influencing catalytic activity. This controlled EBOA-based system is useful for applications where metal contamination must be avoided, such as polymeric biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Framework for Energy Absorption Capacity of Auxetics and Open-Cell Foams","authors":"George Youssef,&nbsp;Celia Rufo-Martín","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500448","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500448","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The selection of the appropriate materials and structures for enhanced energy absorption is paramount in the design of protective gear, regardless of the final application. This research addresses a long-standing academic debate regarding the effectiveness of auxetic structures in mitigating impacts relative to open-cell foam counterparts by developing a comparative, energy-based framework to conclusively establish auxetic structures as the superior option. The framework calculates the energetic performance across the elastic, plateau, and densification regions, utilizing consistent bulk material: polyurea, irrespective of the type of cellular solid (open-cell foam vs. re-entrant auxetic). The material properties were found to play a major role in the mechanical performance of open-cell foams; therefore, they were investigated parametrically. Furthermore, the study examines the critical effect of the auxetic structure's characteristic re-entrant angle on its energy absorption mechanisms. The results demonstrate that the auxetic structures significantly outperform the open-cell foams, reporting a four-fold increase in specific energy absorption. This outcome definitively concludes the discussion in favor of auxetic metamaterials. Crucially, amplifying the initial auxetic angle resulted in a significant seven-fold increase in energy absorption across the explored re-entrant range (50° to 85°), providing mechanical designers with a powerful new tool for tailoring energy absorption properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500448","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147565538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Mechanical and Electrical Performance in EPDM Composites for Spacer Dampers: A Balanced Approach via Carbon Black Ratio and Protective Waxes","authors":"Masoud Tayefi,&nbsp;Mostafa Eesaee,&nbsp;Meysam Hassanipour,&nbsp;Said Elkoun,&nbsp;Eric David,&nbsp;Phuong Nguyen-Tri","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500430","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrical overhead lines rely on spacer dampers to prevent bundled conductors from colliding during wind and ice events, but these devices often suffer from performance loss, displacement, mechanical failure, and material degradation over time. Since installation and replacement are dangerous, slow, and costly, improving the materials and design of spacer dampers is essential for long-term reliability. As it was studied in the previous article, the actual elastomer is sensitive to aging. Therefore, in this study, it was explored how different types of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), carbon black (CB), and waxes affect the properties of elastomeric composites. The results of the tensile test of three types of EPDM showed that the one with the highest ethylene content had the highest stress and elongation at break. The experiment changed the ratio of two types of furnace carbon black through a series of mechanical, electrical, and physical tests. It represented that increasing the amount of carbon black with a smaller size and higher surface area (N330) improved the stress and elongation at break of EPDM composites, but made it less conductive. For the swelling test, also observed that the insoluble fraction was the same for all samples; however, samples with more N330 tended to swell more, indicating a lower crosslink density. Additionally, examining the effects of five types of waxes on the mechanical properties showed that a balanced property can be obtained by adding the blend of microcrystalline and paraffin wax, in which elongation at break and 100% modulus increased slightly, and stress at break decreased marginally in comparison to that of the control sample. Upon aging, the blend of two waxes had much retention of stress and elongation at break upon aging which means that it was more effective in protecting materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147564252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Structure-Processing-Property Relationships in Solution Blow-Spun PLA Nanofiber Mats","authors":"Md Salauddin Sk,&nbsp;Azrin Jamison,&nbsp;Jordon Gilmore","doi":"10.1002/mame.70203","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Herein, we have comprehensively investigated the properties of solution blow-spun nonwoven nanofiber mats. Three nonidentical polylactic acid (PLA) concentrations in conjunction with two different solution flow rates and gas pressures were set as experimental parameters. Rheological data showed that entanglement concentration (C_e) is 8% (w/v) with a dynamic viscosity of 102.4 mPa.s, while overlap concentration (C^*) is 4.6% (w/v). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was utilized to investigate nanofiber diameter and its distribution. The 10% (w/v) PLA/chloroform concentration and 40 mL/h polymer flow rate with 40 psi gas pressure synthesized 259.8 ± 161.2 nm fibers, which showed better statistical distribution and mechanical characteristics (Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation at break). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed to analyze thermal stability, glass transition temperature (T_g), melting point temperature (T_m), crystallization temperature (T_c), and degree of crystallinity (χ_c). Bulk PLA depicts higher T_c and χ_c compared to the mats. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed additional peaks from the fabricated nanofiber mats, which were justified further with nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) shifts. 3D surface topography was analyzed with a confocal laser microscope. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD were performed for statistical significance analysis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147563134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additive Manufacturing of Cobalt Iron Oxide-Based Photopolymer Resin Magnetoactive Polymer Composites Through Stereolithography","authors":"Ambreen Afridi,&nbsp;Ans Al Rashid,&nbsp;Muammer Koç","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500223","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500223","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnetoactive polymer composites (MAPCs) are smart materials composed of polymers integrated with magnetic nano/particles. MAPCs are capable of transforming shapes and properties under an external magnetic field, and this behavior makes them attractive for applications in soft robotics, biomedical devices, and remote actuation systems. In this study, stereolithography (SLA), an additive manufacturing (AM) process, was used to develop novel MAPCs. Cobalt iron oxide (CIO) nanoparticles were incorporated into a photopolymer resin at varying concentrations (0.25%–1% wt) to develop MAPCs optimized for SLA, followed by post-processing and optimization. SLA process was fine-tuned with parameters set at 0.05 mm layer height, 40 s exposure time, and 70 s bottom exposure time, producing structures with high dimensional accuracy and surface quality. 3D-printed structures were characterized through detailed physiochemical analysis, including morphological (EDS, TOF-SIMS), chemical (FTIR), and magnetic properties through actuation testing and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). EDS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the presence of CIO nanoparticles and the preservation of CIO stoichiometry. Mechanical testing revealed that the optimal tensile strength of 11.36 MPa was achieved at 0.50% CIO loading, while the maximum flexural strength of 6.56 MPa was observed at 0.75% CIO. The results indicate that moderate CIO additions improve MAPC ductility, whereas higher loadings reduce strength, likely due to agglomeration and poor matrix-nanoparticle bonding. Finally, the magnetic properties revealed the maximum saturation magnetization (M_s) and remanence (M_r) of 0.4615EMU/g and 0.273EMU/g, respectively, for resin/1% CIO MAPCs. Hence, increasing CIO concentration, the magnetic responsiveness of the MAPCs enhances. These results demonstrate the potential of SLA-fabricated MAPCs for functional applications, such as sensors, actuators, biomedical implants, and other advanced engineering devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500223","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147567535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: Macromol. Mater. Eng. 3/2026","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/mame.70205","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.70205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70205","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147570205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}