Macromolecular Materials and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Lignosulfonates and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as Formaldehyde-Free Adhesion Promoters in Fiber-Reinforced Elastomer Products","authors":"Florian U. Rausch,&nbsp;Frank Gähr,&nbsp;Michael R. Buchmeiser","doi":"10.1002/mame.70355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to the increasing health and regulatory scrutiny of resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex (RFL) adhesion promoter systems, there is a growing demand for sustainable high-performance alternatives for technical elastomer products. Lignosulfonate and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are promising renewable resource-derived raw materials which, due to their chemical structure, are considered potential components of new adhesion promoter systems. In this work, various lignosulfonate- and HMF-based adhesion promoter systems for cord impregnation were developed and investigated on polyester (PES) and polyamide (nylon 66). The results indicate that these lignosulfonate- and HMF-based adhesion promoters have potential as alternatives to conventional RFL systems by enabling the formation of adhesive layers between textile reinforcing fibers and elastomer matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Electrospun PCL Nanofibers Reinforced With Eggshell Membrane for Prolonged Cu (II) Complex Release and Bioactivity","authors":"Maira Khalid,&nbsp;Muhammad Adnan,&nbsp;Md. Sumon Miah,&nbsp;Mayada Abdelhalim,&nbsp;Muhammad Nauman Sarwar,&nbsp;Yasuhito Mukai,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Yamashita,&nbsp;Gopiraman Mayakrishnan,&nbsp;Ick Soo Kim","doi":"10.1002/mame.70361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrospun polymeric nanofibers offer versatile platforms for diffusion-controlled drug delivery; however, achieving prolonged and tunable release remains a key challenge. Eggshell membrane (ESM) was incorporated as a natural release-modifying additive into polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers containing a Cu(II) Schiff base complex via electrospinning. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy confirm homogeneous fiber morphology and uniform ESM and Cu(II) complex distribution, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirms Cu and trace Zn associated with ESM. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicate structural compatibility between PCL and ESM without formation of additional crystalline phases. Increasing ESM content yields higher specific surface area and reduced water contact angle, reflecting enhanced surface roughness and wettability. Release studies demonstrate an approximately 72% reduction in cumulative Cu(II) release compared to ESM-free PCL nanofibers. Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetic analysis confirms Fickian diffusion (n = 0.173), with ESM markedly reducing the effective diffusion coefficient through increased diffusional tortuosity and reversible Cu(II)–ESM coordination, without altering the fundamental transport mechanism. ESM-containing nanofibers additionally exhibit improved antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and time-dependent antioxidant activity reaching 35.2% after 24 h for fibers with 5 wt.% ESM. These findings establish ESM as an effective natural excipient for regulating diffusion-controlled release in electrospun drug-delivery systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscoelastic Engineering and Thermoreversibility of Aqueous TiO2 Sol–Gels for Efficient Photocatalytic Coatings","authors":"Muhammad Ayyaz,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Diamanti,&nbsp;MariaPia Pedeferri,&nbsp;Ursula Alonso,&nbsp;Francisco Javier García-García,&nbsp;Silvia Suarez","doi":"10.1002/mame.70371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water-based TiO₂ sol–gels are promising for the fabrication of photocatalytic coatings but remain challenging to optimize because of the strong temperature dependence of hydrolysis-condensation reactions and the resulting variations in sol viscosity and microstructure. This study investigates the relationship between viscoelastic properties and photocatalytic efficiency of sol–gel coatings prepared with titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) and acetic acid under controlled aqueous hydrolysis demonstrating partial thermoreversibility of the observed behavior. Vibro-viscometry and DLS-based microrheology were employed to probe microstructural evolution of sols under ambient aging, thermal incubation and cold storage. Ambient aging produced weakly condensed sol with low dynamic viscosity ∼ 1.623 mPa·s, resulting in non-uniform coatings, low catalyst loading ∼ 0.014 mg/cm², and limited HCHO photodegradation (&lt; 30%). Thermal incubation increased the viscosity to ∼ 8 mPa·s, enabling the formation of uniform, dense, and crack-free coatings with a catalyst loading of 0.107 mg/cm², controlled thickness (∼ 0.5–0.8 µm), and 100% HCHO degradation. Subsequent cold storage partially reversed these changes, decreasing viscosity, catalyst loading, and photocatalytic efficiency while demonstrating the thermoreversibility of the incubation-induced colloidal networking. Overall, this study establishes a rheology-structure-performance relationship linking sol viscoelasticity to coating formation and photocatalytic activity of water-based TiO₂ sol–gel systems, offering a rheology-guided approach for designing high-performance photocatalytic coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Agave (Agave Tequilana) Powder on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of PLA Bio-Based Composites","authors":"Sofia González-Valdes,&nbsp;Manuel Burelo,&nbsp;Juan G. Sotelo,&nbsp;Benjamín A. Moreno-Nuñez,&nbsp;Luis Marcelo Lozano,&nbsp;Edgar A. Franco-Urquiza,&nbsp;Viridiana Tejada-Ortigoza,&nbsp;Ma.Estela Vázquez-Barrios,&nbsp;Cecilia D. Treviño-Quintanilla","doi":"10.1002/mame.70369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This work investigates fully bio-based PLA composites reinforced with agave (<i>Agave tequilana</i>) agro-industrial residues, without chemical treatment or coupling agents, as a sustainable strategy for material valorization. Agave powder was incorporated into PLA at 3 to 20 wt.% by solvent casting. The resulting films were characterized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and mechanical testing to evaluate interfacial interactions, thermal behavior, morphology, and mechanical performance. FT-IR indicated predominantly physical interaction between PLA and agave particles, with no evidence of chemical bonding. Thermal analysis showed improved stability at low filler contents (3–5 wt.%), due to a barrier effect, while higher loadings reduced thermal resistance due to the decomposition of lignocellulosic components. Mechanical performance strongly depends on filler content. Agave incorporation did not produce a systematic reinforcing effect relative to neat PLA and progressively reduced tensile deformability, with the most pronounced deterioration observed at 20 wt.%, associated with poor interfacial adhesion, particle agglomeration, and reduced matrix continuity. SEM observations supported these findings, revealing increased heterogeneity, void formation, and interfacial debonding at higher filler contents. Overall, untreated agave powder acts primarily as a filler rather than an effective mechanical reinforcement, with performance governed by particle dispersion and interfacial compatibility with PLA.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rheokinetic Study of Polycarbodiimide Formation From 4,4’-MDI Using Rotational Viscometry—A Characterization of Gelation","authors":"Marcell Dániel Csécsi,&nbsp;Péter Tóth,&nbsp;László Farkas,&nbsp;Christa Fittschen,&nbsp;Milán Szőri,&nbsp;Béla Viskolcz","doi":"10.1002/mame.70356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbodiimide formation critically enhances the thermal stability of 4,4’-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI)-based polyurethane systems, yet the chemorheological mechanisms governing polycarbodiimide gelation remain poorly resolved. In this study, the carbodiimidization of a 10 wt.% MDI solution in ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODCB), catalyzed by 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-phospholene-1-oxide (MPPO), is investigated with emphasis on the emergence of a clear yellowish organogel prior to curing. Gel formation is characterized by cone–plate rotational viscometry using a two-step protocol in controlled shear rate mode (300 and 30 s⁻¹) over 338–353 K (65°C–80°C). Raw viscosity data are treated with Hampel filtering and Savitzky–Golay smoothing to reduce experimental noise. The evolution of shear viscosity is analyzed through time- and temperature-dependent representations, and rheokinetic modeling is performed using empirical first- and fractional-order nonlinear regressions. The cross-linking process follows an apparent rheokinetic order of 1.35, while the apparent activation energies of gelation are <i>E</i>_k = 41.1 ± 4.3 kJ mol⁻¹ and <i>E</i>_t = 42.4 ± 1.9 kJ mol⁻¹, depending on the derivation methodology, which correspond to the energy of carbodiimide bond formation. Inspection on different definitions of gel time are also examined based on the divergence of viscosity. Complementary FTIR, Raman, and DMA measurements provided additional chemical and viscoelastic characterization of the obtained organogel. These results provide a quantitative kinetic framework for describing gelation in industrial polycarbodiimide systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiresponsive Random Terpolymers Based on Phenylboronic Acid for Smart Controlled Insulin Delivery","authors":"Fatemeh Ghashghaei zadeh,&nbsp;Mahdi Salami Hosseini,&nbsp;Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi","doi":"10.1002/mame.70367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70367","url":null,"abstract":"<p>pH- and glucose-responsive random terpolymers based on 4-carboxyphenylboronic acid-modified 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate, p(HEMA-PBA-<i>co</i>-HEMA-<i>co</i>-DMAEMA), are synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The terpolymers are prepared with three different DMAEMA contents (20, 30, and 40 mol. %) and phenylboronic acid moieties (20, 15, and 10 mol. %) to investigate the effect of composition on physicochemical and responsive behavior. FT-IR, ¹HNMR, and GPC confirmed the successful synthesis of well-defined terpolymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution (M_w/M_n ∼1.18-1.19). The p<i>K</i>_a values obtained from pH titration and spectral difference analyses decreased as the DMAEMA content increased, likely due to the presence of amino groups that altered the local environment and enhanced the apparent acidity of the terpolymers. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated pH-dependent aggregation and glucose-sensitive disassembly driven by reversible diol-boronate complexation. Insulin encapsulation in all samples exhibited high loading efficiencies over 91%. Furthermore, cytotoxicity evaluation using HFF-2 fibroblast cells confirmed excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability maintained at ∼75% even at high concentrations for both unloaded and insulin-loaded terpolymers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70367","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermomechanical and Combustion Behavior of Post Cured Allyl and Furan Functionalized Bio-Based Benzoxazine Composites","authors":"Mohammad Fahad Zaki Khan,&nbsp;Jan-Marten Sprenger,&nbsp;Gideon Abels,&nbsp;Paul H. Jones,&nbsp;Wendy Howarth,&nbsp;Katharina Koschek","doi":"10.1002/mame.70366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70366","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bio-based benzoxazines represent a promising class of high-performance thermosets for sustainable composite applications. Nonetheless, their thermomechanical characteristics are frequently not as robust as those found in traditional fossil-derived materials. This study systematically investigates the influence of allyl and furan functional groups, on the crosslinking behavior and thermomechanical performance of bio-based polybenzoxazine composites, with particular emphasis on the role of post curing. Allyl and furan groups were selected for their bio-based origins and distinct crosslinking mechanisms: allyl groups undergo thermally induced radical crosslinking to enhance network stiffness, while furan moieties provide high aromatic content and electrophilic reactivity to increase crosslink density and thermal stability. Two benzoxazine monomers based on 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane Ph-dcda (phenol-based), and AllylPh-dcda (allylphenol-based) were synthesized and compared with the commercially available furan functionalized FB602. Fiber-reinforced polymers were manufactured via compression moulding using recycled carbon fiber nonwovens as reinforcement. The effects of post curing at 220°C on network formation, thermomechanical properties, and combustion behavior were evaluated revealing that post curing significantly enhanced the crosslink density (<i>V</i>_e) for all systems. The structural effects, however, varied substantially depending on the functional groups present. For poly(AllylPh-dcda), post curing nearly doubled the storage modulus and increased <i>V</i>_e by a factor of 1.8, attributed to thermally activated crosslinking of allyl bonds as compared to non-post-cured samples. Poly(FB602) exhibited the highest <i>V</i>_e and a substantial increase in glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g) from 169°C to 203°C upon post curing, owing to the high aromatic content and furan mediated crosslinking. In contrast, poly(Ph-dcda), lacking additional reactive functionalities, underwent network degradation during post curing, resulting in a decreased gel content. Combustion analysis demonstrated that functionalized benzoxazines exhibited reduced peak heat release rates and shorter burning times, compared to non-functionalized systems, although all composites failed the UL-94 vertical burning test, highlighting the limitations in flame retardancy. Future studies should focus on incorporating flame retardant additives to improve fire safety compliance. This work elucidates the structure property relationships governing crosslinking efficiency and thermomechanical performance in functionalized biobased polybenzoxazines, providing guidance for the rational design of sustainable high-performance composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometry-Dependent Fidelity Limits in Projection Photopolymerization of Millimeter-Scale PEG-Based Hydrogels","authors":"Evgenia Papadimitriou,&nbsp;Richard Paul,&nbsp;Susanne Ridder,&nbsp;Eva K. Juelich,&nbsp;Matthias Wessling","doi":"10.1002/mame.70352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Projection photopolymerization enables rapid fabrication of hydrogel architectures with micrometer-scale lateral resolution, yet its applicability to biologically relevant millimeter-scale constructs remains constrained by poorly understood three-dimensional fidelity limits. Here, a quantitative framework that defines geometry-dependent fabrication limits governing structural continuity and permeability in thick hydrogel scaffolds is established. Using a custom projection photolithography platform, the effects of hydrogel thickness, feature size, and optical boundary conditions in PEG-based systems are systematically investigated. Feature distortion follows exponential scaling with thickness, arising from the coupled effects of optical attenuation and beam divergence, motivating the introduction of a dimensionless scaling parameter (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>ζ</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$zeta$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). A critical threshold, beyond which void features fail to propagate through the material, is identified at <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ζ</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>2.5</mn>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>2.8</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$zeta = 2.5 - 2.8$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Furthermore, optically induced crosslink gradients impose secondary constraints on scaffold functionality, affecting diffusion and post-curing swelling behavior. These results define a fabrication window that links process parameters to final architecture and function. As a proof of concept, the engineered channel architecture was associated with cell migration and spatial cell distribution within the scaffold. This work introduces a scaling framework for projection photopolymerization of hydrogels and provides preliminary evidence for its applicability across two PEG-based formulations, supporting more predictable fabrication of thick, millimeter-scale hydrogel scaffolds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: Macromol. Mater. Eng. 10/2026","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/mame.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Performance Sustainable Elastomers: New Insights Into Rubber-Filler and Filler–Filler Interactions for Carbon Black-Filled Natural Rubber After Recycling by Devulcanization and Revulcanization","authors":"James Robert Innes,&nbsp;Fernando Martin Salamanca,&nbsp;Zenen Zepeda-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Natalia Koniuch,&nbsp;Aiman Hussain,&nbsp;Davide Nocita,&nbsp;Glen Thompson,&nbsp;Terry Gration,&nbsp;Philip Coates,&nbsp;Andy Brown,&nbsp;Juan Lopez Valentin,&nbsp;Adrian Liam Kelly","doi":"10.1002/mame.70362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.70362","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The recycling of rubber by controlled devulcanization and revulcanization could greatly improve the sustainability of rubber products, such as tires. However, in order to use this recycled rubber, we must understand the full influence of devulcanization on not just the polymer crosslinks but also the filler network and filler-rubber interaction. This article demonstrates that recycling by devulcanization/revulcanization strongly affects the filler-filler agglomeration and dispersion, which had not been reported previously. By producing high-quality devulcanized rubber, we were able to match the tensile strength and elongation at break of virgin rubber using 50 phr of recyclate, showcasing the potential for manufacturers to recycle their production waste. The rubber network structure of the recycled material was very similar to virgin, as measured by Multiple-Quantum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Yet, we found that recycling reduced filler agglomerate size, confirmed using electron microscopy. Remarkably, this led to increased tear resistance for the recycled rubber. These novel recycled compounds could have important applications where high tear energy and low stiffness are desired, e.g. seals. The proposed difference in filler–filler interaction between virgin and recycled rubbers could have a major influence on the rubber recycling field, presenting new opportunities to tailor rubber product properties using devulcanized rubber.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149048416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}