Macromolecular Materials and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Sulfonated Co-Poly(arylene-ethynylene) PolyHIPE Hydrogels: Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationships","authors":"Aleksander Saša Markovič,&nbsp;Sarah Jurjevec,&nbsp;Albin Pintar,&nbsp;Sebastijan Kovačič","doi":"10.1002/mame.70213","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Porous π-conjugated hydrogels with ionizable side groups provide an attractive strategy for creating water-compatible semiconducting polymer networks. Here, we report a family of sulfonated co-poly(arylene-ethynylene) polyHIPE hydrogels synthesized by Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira polycondensation within oil-in-oil high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) templates. This work demonstrates that copolymer composition and ionic functionality in π-conjugated polyHIPE materials can be systematically used to tune swelling behavior, photophysical properties, and interfacial reactivity, highlighting the versatility of conjugated polyelectrolytes as functional polymeric platforms. By varying the ratio of ionic 1,4-diiodo-2,5-bis(3-sulfonatopropoxy)benzene and neutral diiodobenzene monomers (100:0, 80:20, 50:50, and 20:80), we obtained a series of copolymers with highly interconnected macroporosity (&gt;90%) and pronounced water affinity. Increasing sulfonate content systematically affected water uptake, network swelling, and optical properties, revealing clear structure–property relationships within the conjugated polyHIPE framework. Removal of bisphenols was used as a model function to investigate the combined effects of ionic content, porosity, and electronic structure on activity at the polymer–water interface, specifically adsorption and photocatalysis in water. Among the series, PAE-SO₃-80 exhibited the most balanced combination of adsorption capacity and photocatalytic reactivity, illustrating that copolymer composition can be used to optimize the performance of conjugated polyelectrolyte polyHIPE networks in aqueous environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.70213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzymatic Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone in Novel Green Solvents: from Batch Systems to Continuous Flow Mesoreactors","authors":"Tullio Crovetto,&nbsp;Andrea Pasquale,&nbsp;Daniele Alessandro Consolini,&nbsp;Martina Letizia Contente,&nbsp;Alessandro Pellis","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500332","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500332","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The transition toward sustainable alternatives in polymeric material production is a critical step in reducing the environmental impact of the traditional plastic industry. In this work, a novel synthetic pathway for the synthesis of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) was developed combining three present day sustainable technologies: enzymatic catalysis, biomass-derived solvents, and flow processing. The ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of <i>ε</i>-caprolactone was catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB). The reaction conditions were first optimized in batch mode by tuning the amount of used monomer, initiator (0%–10%) and evaluating different reaction solvents (anisole, eucalyptol, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran, phenetole and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran). The best batch conditions (no initiator and phenetole as solvent) yielding PCL with M_n up to ∼8000 g mol⁻¹ were successfully translated to flow systems where the reaction time was dramatically reduced from 24 h to 5 min while maintaining comparable M_n value (7800 g mol⁻¹). These findings demonstrate the potential of integrating biocatalysis, renewable solvents, and flow technology for the development of scalable, eco-friendly processes paving the way for future innovations in sustainable polymer synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Computational Screening to Enhanced Adsorption: Optimized Removal of Toxic Congo Red by Nitrogen-rich Triazine Polymers","authors":"Silpa Elizabeth Peter,&nbsp;Anshuman Bera,&nbsp;Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa,&nbsp;Parimelazhagan Vairavel,&nbsp;Nanjagud Venkatesh Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500366","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500366","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water pollution is a challenging environmental problem that requires creative and effective remediation strategies. With the relentless increase in the global population and rapid industrialization, our water resources are increasingly threatened. Pollutants from various sources contaminate rivers, lakes, and oceans, thereby affecting ecosystems and human health. In this context, computational and experimental methods have been explored for the adsorption of pollutants, specifically dyes, from water using porous polymers as effective adsorbents. We synthesized an amino-triazine-rich sustainable polymer (CCTAT POP), which was confirmed using various characterization techniques, revealing porous amorphous aggregate structures with a surface area of 99 m². g⁻¹. Computational screening of the various dyes was performed, where Congo Red (CR) exhibited the highest binding energy (−38.38 kcal.mol⁻¹) with the lowest energy gap (2.69 eV), for the selective experimental adsorption studies. The adsorbent CCTAT POP achieved a maximum CR decolorization of 96% at a pH of 5 after optimizing various parameters. Both pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model described the adsorption process, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 46.51 mg.g⁻¹ over 240 min. These spontaneous endothermic chemical adsorptions confirmed the stability and reusability of the polymer over three cycles of use. These results suggest that the synthesized polymer offers a promising and cost-effective approach for water purification, advancing the field of polymer-based water treatment technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500366","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrodeposited Functional Coatings for On-Demand Electro-Responsive Drug Release and Cell Shape Transformation","authors":"Sanjana Auditto,&nbsp;Riccardo Carzino,&nbsp;Maria Summa,&nbsp;Michele Oneto,&nbsp;Marco Scotto,&nbsp;Niloofar Paknezhad,&nbsp;Simone Lauciello,&nbsp;Paolo Bianchini,&nbsp;Rosalia Bertorelli,&nbsp;Athanassia Athanassiou","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500355","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500355","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic wounds affect millions of people worldwide, and their treatment can often be ineffective, resulting in substantial healthcare costs. Due to their prolonged healing time and susceptibility to infections, their treatment can be complex. Although there are various treatments available (scaffolds, dressings, etc.), there are limited studies outlining the use of external stimuli, particularly electrical stimulation, to facilitate wound healing. It is well established that electric fields influence the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of cells, along with re-epithelialization and vascularization of wounds. Thus, exogenous electrostimulation may be a promising strategy to replicate or enhance these effects and improve wound healing outcomes. In this study, the fabrication of conductive polypyrrole films with encapsulated antimicrobial agent, nisin, for electro-responsive drug delivery is presented. The films were fabricated via electrodeposition, and in vitro experiments demonstrated good biocompatibility with fibroblast and keratinocyte cells. Additionally, the release of the entrapped drug was observed using a minimal applied potential, and the films showed significantly low bacterial cell adhesion and increased adhesion of HeLa cells, including electrically triggered shape transformations. The findings in this proof-of-concept study highlight the potential of electro-responsive films to enhance the efficacy of wound healing and drug delivery combinatory therapies using external stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500355","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Dielectric and Electrical Properties of Poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (Parylene-C) Layers for Controlling Charge Transport in Organic Field-Effect Transistors","authors":"Taeyun Shim,&nbsp;Yu Jung Park,&nbsp;Jin Hee Lee,&nbsp;Ah-Hyun Hong,&nbsp;Bright Walker,&nbsp;Sang Wan Cho,&nbsp;Dong-Wook Park,&nbsp;Jung Hwa Seo","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500394","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polymer dielectric-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted significant attention due to their potential applications in transparent and flexible electronics, intelligent labels for smart packaging, and chemical and biosensors. Herein, we demonstrate OFETs incorporating poly(chloro-p-xylylene) (parylene-C) as the gate dielectric with variable thickness in the range of 250–450 nm in 50 nm increments, with careful investigation of their electrical characteristics. The results showed that an optimal dielectric thickness of parylene-C (350 nm) significantly enhanced device performance compared to a standard SiO₂ dielectric, achieving a low threshold voltage (V_Th) (0.23 V), a higher on/off ratio (I_on/off) (7.27 × 10³), and increased hole mobility (µ_h) (1.29 × 10⁻² cm²V⁻¹s⁻¹). To understand how the thickness of the parylene-C dielectric layer influences the performance of OFETs, a variety of analyses were conducted, including capacitance-voltage and water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy, and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering. Furthermore, X-ray absorption spectroscopy was employed to analyze the electronic structure and molecular orientation of parylene-C and the PBTTT-C14 layer deposited on it. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing OFETs with parylene-C dielectric layers, paving the way for the development of next-generation flexible and low-power electronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalyst-Free Mass Polymerization and Characterization of Bio-Polyhydroxhyurethanes Based on Resorcinol Bis(Cyclocarbonate)","authors":"Federico Olivieri,&nbsp;Noemi Faggio,&nbsp;Giovanni Dal Poggetto,&nbsp;Chiara Santillo,&nbsp;Roberto Avolio,&nbsp;Rachele Castaldo,&nbsp;Mariacristina Cocca,&nbsp;Maria Emanuela Errico,&nbsp;Marino Lavorgna,&nbsp;Gennaro Gentile","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500352","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500352","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs) derived from resorcinol bis(cyclocarbonate) (RCC). The PHUs were obtained through polyaddition between RCC and two aliphatic diamines, namely isophoronediamine and Priamine 1075 (a commercial vegetal based diamine), selected due their eco-friendliness, under mild conditions, without the use of toxic isocyanates and catalysts. The resulting materials were characterized by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, GPC, DSC, and TGA to evaluate their chemical structure, molecular weight distribution, and thermal properties. Then, the processability of the synthesized PHUs was assessed and further functional characterizations, such as mechanical and viscoelastic properties, swelling and water contact angle tests, were performed. Finally, the RCC based PHUs were tested as potential adhesives for aluminium, polymer composite, and wood substrates. All the results highlight that RCC based PHUs are promising sustainable alternatives to fossil-based polyurethanes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500352","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Reinforcement of Polymer Nanocomposites with Different Network Structure of Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles","authors":"Ye Yao,&nbsp;Shaofan Li,&nbsp;Weilong Ju,&nbsp;Yunlan Su,&nbsp;Dujin Wang","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500381","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500381","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, the melt reinforcement behavior of polyethylene grafted silica (PE<i>-g-</i>SiO₂) and polypropylene grafted silica (PP<i>-g-</i>SiO₂) filled polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) was investigated by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and linear rheology from small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) measurements. The effects of nanoparticle loading (Φ) and dispersion state on the rheological behavior of PNCs were examined. Compared with unmodified nanoparticles, polymer grafted nanoparticles exhibit better dispersibility in both PE and PP PNCs. The TEM and SAXS results show that the dispersibility of PE-<i>g</i>-SiO₂ systems is worse than that of PP-<i>g</i>-SiO₂ systems, which originates from the lower grafting molecular weight of PE-<i>g-</i>SiO₂ systems. Both the HDPE14K/HDPE1K-<i>g</i>-SiO₂ system and the PP370K/PP90K-<i>g</i>-SiO₂ system show the deviation from the Guth-Gold model when Φ reaches 5 wt.%. SAOS results reveal that once Φ exceeds the percolation threshold, nanoparticles form interconnected networks, thereby significantly enhancing the mechanical performance of PNCs. Due to the different conformation structures of the grafting chains on the surface of silica, the nanoparticles contact each other by brush chains and bridge into a polymer-mediated nanoparticle network in HDPE14K/HDPE1K-<i>g</i>-SiO₂ PNCs, resulting in a more significant modulus reinforcement than that of PP370K/PP90K-<i>g</i>-SiO₂ PNCs with a soft interfacial structure of grafted chains.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500381","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Polymeric Nanonetworks: From Self-Assembly to Advanced Fabrication","authors":"Carlos G. Cobos,&nbsp;Xiang Yan,&nbsp;Marisol Martín-González","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500402","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three-dimensional polymeric nanonetworks combine high surface area, interconnected porosity, and tunable mechanics to enable advanced functions in catalysis, sensing, energy storage, and biomedicine. While existing reviews focus on individual fabrication techniques, this work provides the first systematic cross-method comparison and practical decision framework for method selection. We evaluate five fundamentally different fabrication strategies—block copolymer self-assembly, hyper-crosslinking, template-assisted methods, 3D printing, and nanolithography—across four critical metrics: resolution, throughput, scalability, and material compatibility. Unlike method-specific reviews, this work presents a quantitative decision matrix that operationalizes these metrics for application-driven method selection, bridging the gap between laboratory capabilities and industrial requirements. We showcase hybrid approaches that integrate multiple techniques (e.g., polymerization-induced phase separation with vat photopolymerization) to achieve hierarchical structures combining nanoscale precision with manufacturability. The review includes a concise primer on block copolymer self-assembly fundamentals (χ_N, segregation strength; ƒ, volume fraction), updated polymer topology terminology, and quantified performance envelopes for photopolymerization and two-photon techniques. Critically, we address real-world translation challenges—scalability bottlenecks, defect control, device integration, and material limitations—that are often overlooked in technique-focused reviews. Finally, we discuss future trends in eco-friendly, scalable fabrication and AI-driven design tools to accelerate the translation of 3D polymeric nanonetworks into practical applications. By providing integrated cross-method guidance rather than isolated technique descriptions, this review enables researchers to navigate the complex fabrication landscape and select optimal strategies for their specific performance targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500402","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Additional Proteins into Rubber Matrices Behave as Filler to Reinforce Rubber","authors":"Yui Tsuji,&nbsp;Takato Matsui,&nbsp;Takuma Aoyama,&nbsp;Kayo Terada,&nbsp;Hiroyasu Masunaga,&nbsp;Kenji Urayama,&nbsp;Keiji Numata","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500344","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500344","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of post-additional protein on strain-induced crystallization (SIC) was investigated in natural rubber, guayule rubber, and synthetic polyisoprene rubber. In this study, we employed bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein for the rubber matrices, and BSA was dispersed in the rubber matrices as the lyophilized powder. Mechanical properties were assessed through uniaxial tensile tests, revealing that all rubber samples exhibited reinforcement with post-protein addition, regardless of the origin of the rubbers. Additional tests, including swelling, thermal analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis, indicated that the BSA powder mixed with rubber matrices behaves as a filler. In situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements further explained the role of BSA powder as a filler, showing that the onset strain of SIC decreased with the addition of the BSA powder. Our results suggest that post-additional protein can function as an environmentally friendly filler, depending on the rubber preparation process, regardless of the origin of the polyisoprene rubber.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast Electro-Optical Response of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals with Ferroelectric Nematic Liquid Crystal in Light Transmission to Light Scattering Switching","authors":"Raita Takahashi,&nbsp;Keiko Kojima,&nbsp;Masaki Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Yasushi Okumura,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Matsukizono,&nbsp;Hirotsugu Kikuchi","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500369","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mame.202500369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Liquid crystal/polymer composites, the so-called polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs), are electro-optical functional materials capable of switching between light-transmitting and light-scattering states upon the application of an electric field on and off, respectively. They are widely used in applications such as smart windows, which can change their transparency in response to an applied voltage. In the electric field-off process, the decay of transmittance in PDLC is caused by the relaxation of liquid crystal molecules to their initial orientation, and the decay response time is generally dependent on the material properties, such as the elastic constant and viscosity of the liquid crystal material. Faster response times are highly desirable for applications in optical modulation devices. In this study, we fabricated PDLCs using a liquid crystal mixture composed of ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal, DIO with spontaneous polarization, and a structurally related compound. The electro-optical response behavior of the PDLCs exhibited an ultra-fast decay response of 0.13 ms when the electric field is switched off, which is 1/100 that of conventional PDLCs using standard liquid-crystal materials. This ultrafast response was attributed to the electrostatic repulsions among liquid crystal domains induced by the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147683093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}