Macromolecular Materials and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Strategies to Improve the Water Resistance of Nanofibers Obtained by Suspension Electrospinning","authors":"Mario Andres Martinez,&nbsp;Edurne González","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Suspension Electrospinning involves electrospinning a latex (an aqueous dispersion of polymer particles) with the help of a water-soluble template polymer. This method is promising as it enables the spinning of hydrophobic polymers using water as an electrospinning medium, thereby eliminating the need for toxic organic solvents. However, Suspension Electrospinning presents some challenges, as the use of a template polymer is necessary to form continuous fibers, but increasing its amount reduces the fibers´ water resistance. This work focuses on producing water-resistant nanofibers by optimizing template concentration and exploring new strategies. The minimum template concentration needed to produce uniform, water-resistant nanofibers from a monomodal acrylic latex is identified. Additionally, a high solids content bimodal acrylic latex is spun for the first time, enhancing process productivity and allowing a 50% reduction in the template polymer compared to the monomodal system. Two additional novel strategies are employed to increase the water resistance of the nanofibers: thermal cross-linking of a carboxylic acid functionalized latex with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and spinning a high glass transition temperature latex followed by its coalescence before the template removal. Finally, the effectiveness of PVA and polyethylene oxide (PEO) as template polymers is compared.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Copper- and Bronze-Filled PLA: Mechanical, Structural, and Biological Insights for Biomedical 3D and 4D Printing","authors":"Kinga Kardos,&nbsp;Emese Paari-Molnar,&nbsp;Roland Told,&nbsp;Adel Len,&nbsp;Peter Szabo,&nbsp;Zoltan Ujfalusi,&nbsp;Alexandra Steinerbrunner-Nagy,&nbsp;Judit E. Pongracz,&nbsp;Peter Maroti","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Material extrusion (MEX), particularly Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is a widely used 3D printing technology, with growing interest in composite materials due to their broad range of applications. This study focuses on commercially available copper- and bronze-filled polylactic-acid (PLA) composites printed with FFF technology and on providing guidance for future practical applications, particularly in the biomedical field and 4D printing. In this research, static and dynamic mechanical tests, scanning electron microscopic imaging, and electric resistance measurements were conducted, and the thermal properties were determined by thermal conductivity measurements and differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC-TGA). Cytotoxicity was assessed using an A549 cell viability assay. The results show that the material's brittleness increases in proportion to the volume percentage of metal particles; among the copper composites FormFutura MetalFil – Classic copper (29.14 vol.%) had the lower tensile strength (15.4 MPa ± 0.17 MPa), while for bronze composites, the tensile strength was lower for ColorFabb BronzeFill (33.64 vol.%, 17.7 MPa ± 0.54 MPa). Furthermore, these composites have no cytotoxic effect in short-term contact, and their enhanced thermal conductivity over traditional prosthetic materials makes them promising candidates for the development of prostheses intended to mitigate thermal discomfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastics Recycling: A Comparative Study of Different Analytical Techniques","authors":"Md. Lutful Amin,&nbsp;Le N. M. Dinh,&nbsp;Aditya Rawal,&nbsp;Per B. Zetterlund,&nbsp;Vipul Agarwal","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plastic waste has become a critical challenge threatening our environment and survival. There has been a growing demand for recycling methods to process waste into clean virgin-like material. However, one of the key challenges limiting recyclability is the difficulty in accurately identifying different types of plastics in post-consumer kerbside waste. Commercial sorting of collected waste relies primarily on near infrared technology, which is associated with significant limitations. Herein, we compared a range of analytical techniques to identify different post-consumer plastic waste samples. With the finding that ¹³C solid state NMR can precisely identify different polyolefins, we explored the possibility of employing ¹³C solid state NMR for quantification of plastics from mixed waste samples, which can be quite difficult to quantitate using other standard techniques. Our results demonstrate that ¹³C solid-state NMR is highly efficient in the quantification of polyolefins from different controlled mixtures. For identification, DSC and NMR are methods of choice with the most clear differences between different polymers, with the exception of different polyethylene subtypes being more suitable for NMR analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146099269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Assembled Magnetic Nanoparticles on Ag Nanowires and Polyurethane Composites for Sensitive and Flexible Piezo-Resistive Sensors","authors":"Thanh T Tran,&nbsp;Thuan Duc Lao,&nbsp;Thuy Ai Huyen Le,&nbsp;Tran Thanh Tung,&nbsp;Nguyen Xuan Sang,&nbsp;Dusan Losic","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500313","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Flexible strain sensors face persistent challenges, including achieving high sensitivity, mechanical durability, and reliable performance under low pressures. To address these issues, we developed a conductive polymer nanocomposite composed of magnetic (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles assembled on silver nanowires (Fe₃O₄@Ag NWs) embedded in a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. TPU provides mechanical flexibility, while polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) assists the magnetic self-assembly of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles onto Ag NWs, forming a highly interconnected network. When used as a piezoresistive sensor, the material shows a ∼60% resistance change at 8 kPa, six times higher than its non-aligned counterpart, and excellent sensing response even at low pressures (0.2 kPa). This enhanced sensitivity is attributed to nanoparticle alignment and improved interfacial interactions, which increase conductive pathway density and enable efficient stress transfer. These results demonstrate the potential of this nanocomposite for next-generation flexible, wearable, and ultrasensitive electronic and biomedical sensing applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circularity in 3D Printing with Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate Glycol): Copolymer Composition Dependent Degradation During Recycling","authors":"Sierra F. Yost,&nbsp;Jordan C. Smith,&nbsp;Bryan D. Vogt","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500307","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reduced environmental impact is commonly cited as a driver for additive manufacturing, but non-circular end-of-life disposition of the printed materials reduces these advantages. In particular, thermoplastics commonly used in material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEX) are not compatible with most recycling infrastructures; polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) is particularly problematic as it compromises the integrity of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling streams. Thus, circular recycling of PETG within the MEX ecosystem is necessary, but the comonomer, cyclohexane dimethanol (CHDM), content differs across commercial sources. Here, we demonstrate that the reduction in the viscosity of the PETG through multiple cycles of print-test-reprocess to filament (recycling) is dependent on the sourcing but not directly correlated with the CHDM content or molar mass. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of the printed PETG are not significantly impacted by recycling over 5 prints. However, the ductility of the printed PETG decreases after recycling one time for the lowest CHDM content PETG while the ductility first increases and then decreases through multiple reprocess cycles with higher CHDM content in the PETG. These results illustrate circular recycling through MEX may increase the number of cycles possible without significant degradation in part stiffness and strength when compared with mechanical recycling using traditional manufacturing methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorimetric Detection of Nickel Ions Using Bacterial Nanocellulose Paper-Based Strips","authors":"Admilton A. P. Santana,&nbsp;José Felipe dos Santos,&nbsp;Jonatas De Oliveira S. Silva,&nbsp;Kelcilene B. R. Teodoro,&nbsp;Daniel S. Correa,&nbsp;Rodolfo M. M. Santana,&nbsp;Luiza A. Mercante","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500255","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has proven to be an excellent platform for developing sustainable optical (bio)sensors due to its exceptional properties, including optical transparency, high porosity, and large surface area. These features enable uniform dye distribution, thereby mitigating issues commonly found in paper-based devices, such as low dye immobilization and non-uniform color response. Herein, we report a simple, affordable (∼$0.03/strip) BNC-based colorimetric strip for detecting Ni²⁺ ions using digital image analysis. The strips were prepared by functionalizing BNC membranes with the dye 4-(2-thiazolylazo)resorcinol (TAR), a complexing agent widely used for the detection of metal ions. Physicochemical characterization confirmed the presence of a porous, interconnected nanofiber network and a hydroxyl-rich surface, which enabled effective and uniform dye incorporation. The BNC@TAR strips exhibited a linear response up to 10 mg L⁻¹ and a limit of detection of 0.18 mg L⁻¹. The sensor fabrication process was highly reproducible, and the strips exhibited long-term stability, maintaining their analytical performance even after 40 days of storage. The strips were also applied to real water analysis, yielding recovery values ranging from 93.1% to 103.4%. These findings support the potential of BNC as a sustainable substrate for developing low-cost, disposable colorimetric sensors for on-site environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation Grafting of Two PEG Derivatives onto PET: A Comparative Study for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Esteban Castro,&nbsp;Alejandra Ortega,&nbsp;Mitzi Pérez-Calixto,&nbsp;Genaro Vázquez-Victorio,&nbsp;Guillermina Burillo","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500270","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study shows an alternative route for the functionalization of polyethylene(terephthalate) (PET) for biomedical applications using gamma radiation instead of the conventional chemical method. Radiation technique is a versatile and effective strategy to improve the properties of polymers avoiding the use of toxic chemical agents that compromise their biocompatibility. Here, PET was modified by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) and di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (DEGMEMA) using simultaneous and oxidative pre-irradiation methods. Results indicate that both PEG-methacrylate derivatives are successfully grafted (1-9%) by oxidative pre-irradiation, while the simultaneous method yields negligible modification (&lt;0.6%). Characterization by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, contact angle, and swelling studies reveals similar physicochemical properties between PET-<i>g</i>-PEGMEMA and PET-<i>g</i>-DEGMEMA. However, mechanical properties denote that DEGMEMA increases PET stiffness, whereas PEGMEMA preserves the tensile elastic modulus of pristine PET. Similarly, protein adsorption (albumin) and fibroblast adhesion (BJ cells) assays show that both PEG-methacrylates promote the biological responses compared to pristine PET. Notably, samples with higher grafting densities support fibroblast adhesion and proliferation up to 5 days, attributing to increased hydrophilicity. No substantial difference between PEGMEMA and DEGMEMA grafts is observed regarding cell adhesion. These findings highlight the potential of PET-<i>g</i>-PEGMEMA and PET-<i>g</i>-DEGMEMA as promising candidates for biomedical technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500270","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Film Blowing of Biobased Biodegradable Polyesters: Poly (Pentylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) and Poly (Dodecylene Furanoate)","authors":"Hesham Aboukeila,&nbsp;Onkar Singh,&nbsp;Mahdi Mazaheri,&nbsp;Emily Edwards,&nbsp;Mason A. Rhue,&nbsp;John Klier,&nbsp;George W. Huber,&nbsp;Brian P. Grady","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poly(pentylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PPeAT), poly (dodecylene furanoate) (PDDF), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films were prepared using film blowing. Machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD) properties of the blown films (BFs) are compared to the properties of compression molded sheets (CMSs). For all polymers, Young's modulus, stress at break elongation at break and storage modulus are higher for the CMSs vs. BFs. PPeAT films have a higher modulus than PBAT films demonstrating its superior mechanical properties. X-ray scattering shows that CMSs have higher percent crystallinity, longer d-spacing, and larger crystal size compared with BFs. For BFs, SAXS measurements have more intensity in the MD vs. the TD while the d-spacing is slightly higher for the MD; however, WAXS results indicate that films in the TD have higher percent crystallinity than in the MD. CMSs exhibit lower oxygen permeability, carbon dioxide permeability, and normalized water vapor transmission rates compared with BFs consistent with the higher crystallinity. Biobased, biodegradable PPeAT and PDDF show lower oxygen and carbon dioxide permeabilities compared with fossil fuel-based PBAT and LLDPE and lower water vapor transmission rates than PBAT. PPeAT and PDDF BFs show promising results and eventually might be used as a drop-in replacement for LLDPE in flexible film packaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146096625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PEG-Dialdehydes/Hyperbranched Amines Based Hydrogels and their Potential as Futures Bone Adhesives","authors":"Kyriakos Karakyriazis,&nbsp;Sebastian Stößlein,&nbsp;Andreas Hartwig","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500190","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The potential of aminoterminated hyperbranched polyglycerol (hPG-NH₂) crosslinked by polyethylene glycol dialdehyde (DA) hydrogel as a bone adhesive is presented in this proof-of-concept study. The hydrogel system, crosslinked by Schiff base bonds, is designed to degrade hydrolytically when applied internally. To elaborate the relationship between the crosslinker length and the material properties, three different DAs with different molecular masses were used, as well as glutaraldehyde, and also blends of those components. It was shown that the hydrogel's properties could be adjusted by application of these aldehydes and their mixtures. In general, the gelation time decreases with lower molecular mass of the dialdehyde crosslinker, whereas the gel strength increases. The hydrogel model adhesives lead to a bond strength of up to 800 kPA on bone substrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"κ-Carrageenan Hydrogel Carrier Enhances Drug Bioavailability and Antibacterial Activity of Curcumin-Functionalized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles","authors":"Uroolee Changmai,&nbsp;Likhith K.,&nbsp;Tarun Mateti,&nbsp;S. Supriya Bhatt,&nbsp;Atheena P. V.,&nbsp;Vishwanath Managuli,&nbsp;Manasa Nune,&nbsp;Ritu Raval,&nbsp;Goutam Thakur","doi":"10.1002/mame.202500037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.202500037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the impact of curcumin-adsorbed ZnO nanoparticles (C-ZnO NPs) on the physical, mechanical, and antibacterial properties of kappa (κ)-carrageenan hydrogels, focusing on their potential as biocompatible materials. Microstructure analysis revealed that ZnO NPs formed needle-like structures, providing a large surface area for curcumin adsorption, with an average length of 377.24 nm and a width of 46.09 nm. Functional group analysis indicated successful adsorption of curcumin, a bioactive compound, onto ZnO NPs. Crystallographic analysis showed no significant impact of curcumin on the crystallinity of ZnO NPs. Optical absorbance analysis confirmed the formation of NPs with characteristic absorption peaks. Swelling analysis revealed that κ-carrageenan hydrogels exhibited a swelling rate of 1987.05 ± 8.28%, while C-ZnO-loaded hydrogels showed a comparable swelling rate of 1705.01 ± 2.5%. The water retention capacity analysis indicated that C-ZnO loaded hydrogels also had a comparable water retention capacity to those without NPs. Mechanical strength tests showed that C-ZnO-loaded hydrogels had a significantly higher Young's modulus (0.25353 MPa) compared to κ-carrageenan hydrogels (0.07157 MPa). Drug release kinetic modeling using the Hixson Crowell and Korsmeyer-Peppas models best described the release behavior of C-ZnO from the hydrogels across various pH levels. Cell viability studies showed high viability for both hydrogel types, indicating their potential as biocompatible materials. Antibacterial tests demonstrated the effective bacteriostatic ability of C-ZnO loaded hydrogels against <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>). These findings highlight the potential of curcumin-adsorbed ZnO nanoparticles incorporated into κ-carrageenan hydrogels as multifunctional biomaterials for drug delivery and therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18151,"journal":{"name":"Macromolecular Materials and Engineering","volume":"310 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mame.202500037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}