Nanomaterial-Integrated 3D Biofabricated Structures for Advanced Biomedical Applications

In recent times, the integration of nanomaterials into 3D biofabricated structures has become a transformative approach in advancing the biomedical field. Nanomaterials exhibit distinctive properties such as superior mechanical strength, enhanced biocompatibility, and improved drug delivery efficiency, making them well-suited for biomedical use. This comprehensive review explores the synergistic potential of combining nanomaterials—such as metallic, carbon-based, ceramic, and polymeric nanoparticles—with advanced 3D biofabrication techniques, including 3D bioprinting, melt electrowriting, and electrospinning. These integrations have demonstrated significant promise in diverse biomedical applications, such as regeneration of nerve, bone, and cardiac tissues, wound healing, and cancer therapy. Despite substantial progress, several challenges hinder clinical translation, including difficulties in achieving precise nanomaterial integration, biocompatibility and toxicity concerns, scalability in manufacturing, and regulatory complexities. This review synthesizes recent advancements, evaluates existing challenges, and identifies key research directions to address these obstacles. It highlights the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration in maximizing the potential of nanomaterial-integrated 3D biofabricated structures and promoting innovative advancements in biomedical science and healthcare.