Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Application of Texture and Volume Model Analysis to Dedicated Axillary High-resolution 3D T2-weighted MR Imaging: A Novel Method for Diagnosing Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Clinically Node-negative Breast Cancer.","authors":"Hiroaki Shimizu, Naoko Mori, Shunji Mugikura, Yui Maekawa, Minoru Miyashita, Tatsuo Nagasaka, Satoko Sato, Kei Takase","doi":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0091","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness of the texture analysis of axillary high-resolution 3D T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in distinguishing positive and negative lymph node (LN) metastasis in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between December 2017 and May 2021, 242 consecutive patients underwent high-resolution 3D T2WI and were classified into the training (n = 160) and validation cohorts (n = 82). We performed manual 3D segmentation of all visible LNs in axillary level I to extract the texture features. As the additional parameters, the number of the LNs and the total volume of all LNs for each case were calculated. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm and Random Forest were used to construct the models. We constructed the texture model using the features from the LN with the largest least axis length in the training cohort. Furthermore, we constructed the 3 models combining the selected texture features of the LN with the largest least axis length, the number of LNs, and the total volume of all LNs: texture-number model, texture-volume model, and texture-number-volume model. As a conventional method, we manually measured the largest cortical diameter. Moreover, we performed the receiver operating curve analysis in the validation cohort and compared area under the curves (AUCs) of the models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AUCs of the texture model, texture-number model, texture-volume model, texture-number-volume model, and conventional method in the validation cohort were 0.7677, 0.7403, 0.8129, 0.7448, and 0.6851, respectively. The AUC of the texture-volume model was higher than those of other models and conventional method. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the texture-volume model were 90%, 69%, 49%, and 96%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The texture-volume model of high-resolution 3D T2WI effectively distinguished positive and negative LN metastasis for patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"161-170"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11024718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9363100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MR Imaging Findings of Uterine Adenomatoid Tumors.","authors":"Mayumi Takeuchi, Kenji Matsuzaki, Yoshimi Bando, Masafumi Harada","doi":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0067","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adenomatoid tumor is a rare benign genital tract neoplasm of mesothelial origin. Uterine adenomatoid tumors occur in the outer myometrium and may mimic leiomyomas. Because hormonal treatment is not applicable to adenomatoid tumors and laparoscopic enucleation is not easy as myomectomy, it is important to differentiate adenomatoid tumors from leiomyomas for the adequate treatment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the MRI findings of adenomatoid tumor for the differentiation from leiomyoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MRI findings of surgically proven 10 uterine adenomatoid tumors in 9 women were retrospectively evaluated with correlation to histopathological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 10 tumors appeared as solid myometrial masses and showed heterogeneous signal intensity with admixture of partially ill-defined slight high-intensity areas containing abundant tubular tumor cells and well-defined myoma-like low-intensity areas reflecting smooth muscle hypertrophy on T2WI including 4 lesions with peripheral ring-like high intensity. High-intensity areas on T2WI tended to show high intensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with relatively high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), suggesting T2 shine-through effect due to abundant tubules. Intra-tumoral hemorrhage revealed on MRI was rare. Early intense contrast-enhanced areas on dynamic contrast-enhanced study were observed dominantly within the high-intensity areas but rarely within the low-intensity areas on T2WI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The outer myometrial mass with the admixture of well-defined low- and ill-defined high-intensity areas on T2WI may be suggestive of adenomatoid tumor. Peripheral ring-like high intensity on T2WI and DWI may also be suggestive. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR study may be helpful for the differentiation from leiomyoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11024713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10618771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical Brush Sign: A Novel Finding on Thin-slice 3T Susceptibility-weighted Imaging in Acute Cerebral Infarct and Cerebral Venous Thrombosis.","authors":"Seiya Kishi, Masayuki Maeda, Fumine Tanaka, Ryota Kogue, Maki Umino, Hajime Sakuma","doi":"10.2463/mrms.bc.2022-0120","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.bc.2022-0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We observed a new SWI finding, \"cortical brush sign,\" that represents prominent venous structures in the cortex of patients with acute cerebral infarct with or without moyamoya disease and cerebral venous thrombosis. The cortical brush sign disappeared on follow-up SWI in all cases. Cortical brush sign may help to understand the pathophysiology of venous structures in the cortex at acute phase.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"238-241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11024716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10623631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Observation of the Pupal Body of Trypoxylus dichotomus Using 9.4T MR Imaging.","authors":"Shoto Ikegami, Dai Ishiyama, Yoshiki Oda, Kinuko Niihara, Masafumi Yoshida, Keiichi Honda, Takashi A Inoue, Kagayaki Kuroda","doi":"10.2463/mrms.bc.2022-0070","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.bc.2022-0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metamorphosis in the pupae of the Trypoxylus dichotomus was continuously observed at 9.4T until their emergence. A large liquid-like mass occupied most of the volume in the trunk, while the surrounding tissue already existed at the beginning of the observation period. As the mass shrunk, tissues such as flight muscle formed, whereas the reservoir became prolonged to form the intestinal tract. This implies that the liquid-like mass worked as the raw material for creating adult tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"242-248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11024720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10681257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associating the Severity of Emphysema with Coronary Flow Reserve and Left Atrial Conduit Function for the Emphysema Patients with Known or Suspected Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Makiko Kubooka, Masaki Ishida, Masafumi Takafuji, Haruno Ito, Takanori Kokawa, Satoshi Nakamura, Kensuke Domae, Suguru Araki, Yasutaka Ichikawa, Shuichi Murashima, Hajime Sakuma","doi":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0025","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pulmonary emphysema may associate with ischemic heart disease through systemic microvascular abnormality as a common pathway. Stress cardiovascular MR (CMR) allows for the assessment of global coronary flow reserve (CFR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the emphysema severity and the multiple MRI parameters in the emphysema patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 210 patients with known or suspected CAD who underwent both 3.0T CMR including cine CMR, stress and rest perfusion CMR, stress and rest phase-contrast (PC) cine CMR of coronary sinus, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR, and lung CT within 6 months were studied. Global CFR, volumes and functions of both ventricles and atria, and presence or absence of myocardial ischemia and infarction were evaluated. Emphysema severity was visually determined on lung CT by Goddard method.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Seventy nine (71.0 ± 7.9 years, 75 male) of 210 patients with known or suspected CAD had emphysema on lung CT. Goddard score was significantly correlated with CFR (r = -0.246, P = 0.029), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LV EDVI) (r = -0.230, P = 0.041), right ventricular systolic volume index (RV SVI) (r = -0.280, P = 0.012), left atrial (LA) total emptying volume index (r = -0.269, P = 0.017), LA passive emptying volume index (r = -0.309, P = 0.006), LA systolic strain (Es) (r = -0.244, P = 0.030), and LA conduit strain (Ee) (r = -0.285, P = 0.011) in the patients with emphysema. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed LA conduit function was independently associated with emphysema severity as determined by Goddard method (beta = -0.361, P = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LA conduit function independently associates with emphysema severity in the emphysema patients with known or suspected CAD after adjusting age, sex, smoking, and the CMR indexes including CFR. These findings suggest that impairment of LA function predominantly occurs prior to the reduction of the CFR in the emphysema patients with known or suspected CAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10838718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10695058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemosiderin Detection inside the Mammillary Bodies Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping on Patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome.","authors":"Yuri Nakamura, Yasutaka Fushimi, Takuya Hinoda, Satoshi Nakajima, Akihiko Sakata, Sachi Okuchi, Sayo Otani, Hiroshi Tagawa, Yang Wang, Satoshi Ikeda, Hirotsugu Kawashima, Maiko T Uemura, Yuji Nakamoto","doi":"10.2463/mrms.ici.2022-0109","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.ici.2022-0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemorrhage inside the mammillary bodies (MMBs) is known to be one of the findings of Wernicke encephalopathy. Brain MRI of two patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) demonstrated high susceptibility values representing hemosiderin deposition in MMBs by using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). QSM provided additional information of susceptibility values to susceptibility-weighted imaging in diagnosis of WKS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10838722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10407162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Arterial and Venous Imaging Using 3D Quantitative Parameter Mapping.","authors":"Tomoki Amemiya, Suguru Yokosawa, Yo Taniguchi, Ryota Sato, Yoshihisa Soutome, Hisaaki Ochi, Toru Shirai","doi":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2021-0170","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2021-0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To increase the number of images that can be acquired in MR examinations using quantitative parameters, we developed a method for obtaining arterial and venous images with mapping of proton density (PD), RF inhomogeneity (B1), longitudinal relaxation time (T1), apparent transverse relaxation time (T2*), and magnetic susceptibility through calculation, all with the same spatial resolution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proposed method uses partially RF-spoiled gradient echo sequences to obtain 3D images of a subject with multiple scan parameters. The PD, B1, T1, T2*, and magnetic susceptibility maps are estimated using the quantification method we previously developed. Arterial images are obtained by adding images using optimized weights to emphasize the arteries. A morphology filter is used to obtain venous images from the magnetic susceptibility maps. For evaluation, images obtained from four out of five healthy volunteers were used to optimize the weights used in the arterial-image calculation, and the optimized weights were applied to the images from the fifth volunteer to obtain an arterial image. Arterial images of the five volunteers were calculated using the leave-one-out method, and the contrast between the arterial and background regions defined using the reference time-of-flight (TOF) method was evaluated using the area under the receiver operation characteristic curve (AUC). The contrast between venous and background regions defined by a reference quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) method was also evaluated for the venous image.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AUC to discriminate blood vessels and background using the proposed method was 0.905 for the arterial image and 0.920 for the venous image.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results indicate that the arterial images and venous images have high signal intensity at the same region as determined from the reference TOF and QSM methods, demonstrating the possibility of acquiring vasculature images with quantitative parameter mapping through calculation in an integrated manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"56-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10838721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10781149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ex-vivo 1.5T MR Imaging versus CT in Estimating the Size of the Pathologically Invasive Component of Lung Adenocarcinoma Spectrum Lesions.","authors":"Daisuke Yamada, Masaki Matsusako, Daisuke Yoneoka, Katsunori Oikado, Hironori Ninomiya, Taiki Nozaki, Mitsutomi Ishiyama, Akari Makidono, Mizuto Otsuji, Harumi Itoh, Hiroya Ojiri","doi":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0125","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate whether ex-vivo MRI enables accurate estimation of the invasive component of lung adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 32 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent lung lobectomy. The specimens underwent MRI at 1.5T. The boundary between the lesion and the normal lung was evaluated on a 5-point scale in each three MRI sequences, and a one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc tests were performed. The invasive component size was measured histopathologically. The maximum diameter of each solid component measured on CT and MR T1-weighted (T1W) images and the maximum size obtained from histopathologic images were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Inter-reader agreement was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T1W images were determined to be optimal for the delineation of the lesions (P < 0.001). The histopathologic invasive area corresponded to the area where the T1W ex-vivo MR image showed a high signal intensity that was almost equal to the intravascular blood signal. The maximum diameter of the solid component on CT was overestimated compared with the maximum invasive size on histopathology (mean, 153%; P < 0.05), while that on MRI was evaluated mostly accurately without overestimation (mean, 108%; P = 0.48). The interobserver reliability of the measurements using CT and MRI was good (ICC = 0.71 on CT, 0.74 on MRI).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ex-vivo MRI was more accurate than conventional CT in delineating the invasive component of lung adenocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10838715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10441899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using Triple-velocity Encoding 4D Flow MR Imaging.","authors":"Kotomi Iwata, Tetsuro Sekine, Junya Matsuda, Masaki Tachi, Yoichi Imori, Yasuo Amano, Takahiro Ando, Makoto Obara, Gerard Crelier, Masashi Ogawa, Hitoshi Takano, Shinichiro Kumita","doi":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0051","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) estimation based on 4D flow MRI has been currently developed and can be used to estimate the pressure gradient. The objective of this study was to validate the clinical value of 4D flow-based TKE measurement in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From April 2018 to March 2019, we recruited 28 patients with HCM. Based on echocardiography, they were divided into obstructed HCM (HOCM) and non-obstructed HCM (HNCM). Triple-velocity encoding 4D flow MRI was performed. The volume-of-interest from the left ventricle to the aortic arch was drawn semi-automatically. We defined peak turbulent kinetic energy (TKE_peak) as the highest TKE phase in all cardiac phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TKE_peak was significantly higher in HOCM than in HNCM (14.83 ± 3.91 vs. 7.11 ± 3.60 mJ, P < 0.001). TKE_peak was significantly higher in patients with systolic anterior movement (SAM) than in those without SAM (15.60 ± 3.96 vs. 7.44 ± 3.29 mJ, P < 0.001). Left ventricular (LV) mass increased proportionally with TKE_peak (P = 0.012, r = 0.466). When only the asymptomatic patients were extracted, a stronger correlation was observed (P = 0.001, r = 0.842).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TKE measurement based on 4D flow MRI can detect the flow alteration induced by systolic flow jet and LV outflow tract geometry, such as SAM in patients with HOCM. The elevated TKE is correlated with increasing LV mass. This indicates that increasing cardiac load, by pressure loss due to turbulence, induces progression of LV hypertrophy, which leads to a worse prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10838723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10407163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-related Decline of Intrinsic Cerebrospinal Fluid Outflow in Healthy Humans Detected with Non-contrast Spin-labeling MR Imaging.","authors":"Vadim Malis, Won C Bae, Asako Yamamoto, Linda K McEvoy, Marin A McDonald, Mitsue Miyazaki","doi":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0117","DOIUrl":"10.2463/mrms.mp.2022-0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is important for the removal of toxins from the brain, with implications for neurodegenerative diseases. Imaging evaluation of CSF outflow in humans has been limited, relying on venous or invasive intrathecal injections of contrast agents. The objective of this study was to introduce a novel spin-labeling MRI technique to detect and quantify the movement of endogenously tagged CSF, and then apply it to evaluate CSF outflow in normal humans of varying ages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed on a clinical 3-Tesla MRI scanner in 16 healthy subjects with an age range of 19-71 years with informed consent. Our spin-labeling MRI technique applies a tag pulse on the brain hemisphere, and images the outflow of the tagged CSF into the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). We obtained 3D images in real time, which was analyzed to determine tagged-signal changes in different regions of the meninges involved in CSF outflow. Additionally, the signal changes over time were fit to a signal curve to determine quantitative flow metrics. These were correlated against subject age to determine aging effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed the signal of the tagged CSF moving from the dura mater and parasagittal dura, and finally draining into the SSS. In addition, we observed a possibility of another pathway which is seen in some young subjects. Furthermore, quantitative CSF outflow metrics were shown to decrease significantly with age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We demonstrate a novel non-invasive MRI technique identifying two intrinsic CSF clearance pathways, and observe an age-related decline of CSF flow metrics in healthy subjects. Our work provides a new opportunity to better understand the relationships of these CSF clearance pathways during the aging process, which may ultimately provide insight into the age-related prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18119,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance in Medical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"66-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10838716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10441898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}