Lipids in Health and Disease最新文献

{"title":"Association of hepatic biomarkers with incident diabetes: a mediation analysis of the triglyceride-glucose index in a large Chinese cohort.","authors":"Baoyin Li, Tao Liu, Zhijian Zhu, Bing Wang, Zhigang Lu, Yesheng Pan","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02661-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02661-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes disproportionately impacts low- and middle-income populations, exacerbating existing health disparities. The role of hepatic biomarkers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and the ALT/AST ratio, in predicting diabetes onset remains insufficiently elucidated. This research assessed how these biomarkers relate to diabetes risk, as well as assessed the mediating effect of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The secondary analysis utilized data from the Dryad public database, encompassing a cohort of 211,833 Chinese adults aged ≥ 20 years who underwent health examinations between 2010 and 2016. After applying rigorous exclusion criteria, 50,463 participants were included. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to examine how hepatic biomarkers and the TyG index influenced diabetes incidence. The mediation analysis was conducted to assess the TyG index's contribution to the hepatic biomarker-diabetes relationship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Throughout the observational phase (mean 3.08 years), 1309 participants (2.59%) established diabetes. Increased levels of ALT, AST, and the ALT/AST ratio were all significantly related to a heightened diabetes risk, with the most significant correlation noted for the ALT/AST ratio (adjusted HR per unit increase: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02-1.05; P < 0.001). Participants in the highest quartile of the ALT/AST ratio had nearly three times the risk of diabetes than the lowest quartile (HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 2.42-3.57; P < 0.001). Joint analysis revealed synergistic effects between elevated hepatic biomarkers and the TyG index, with the combination of high ALT/AST ratio and elevated TyG index yielding the greatest risk (HR: 5.23; 95% CI: 4.42-6.18; P < 0.001). The mediation analysis showed that the TyG index significantly mediated the associations, accounting for 40.25%, 36.45%, and 76.97% of the effects of ALT, AST, and the ALT/AST ratio, respectively, on diabetes risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hepatic biomarkers, particularly the ALT/AST ratio, robustly predict diabetes risk in this large cohort, with the TyG index explaining most of this association. These insights reinforce the importance of integrating hepatic and metabolic assessment in preventive strategies to address the growing diabetes epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, particles and subspecies and the risk of chronic kidney disease: The PREVEND prospective study.","authors":"Setor K Kunutsor, Margery A Connelly, Stephan J L Bakker, Robin P F Dullaart","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02668-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02668-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationships between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL particle concentration (HDL-P), and HDL subspecies with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been well characterized. This study aimed to examine these associations and evaluate the role of alcohol consumption as a potential confounder or effect modifier.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data was analyzed from 4,179 individuals (mean age: 52 years; 47.6% male) participating in the PREVEND cohort. Baseline measurements included HDL-P and its subfractions (small, medium, and large), quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and self-reported alcohol intake. Incident CKD was defined using criteria from the KDIGO guidelines. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each HDL metric per 1 standard deviation (SD) increment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a median follow-up of 8.3 years, 565 participants developed CKD. After adjusting for multiple confounders, including alcohol use, HDL-P, medium HDL, and H3P showed modest inverse associations with CKD risk, with adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of 0.90 (0.83-0.98), 0.91 (0.83-1.00), and 0.90 (0.82-0.99), respectively. Conversely, H7P was positively associated with CKD risk (HR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.00-1.22). Significant interactions with sex were observed for medium HDL, small HDL, and H1P. Alcohol intake neither significantly modified the associations nor showed a direct relationship with CKD risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study suggests distinct associations of HDL parameters with CKD risk as well as sex differences in the associations of these parameters with CKD risk. The findings underscore the heterogeneity of HDL subspecies and the need to consider sex-specific differences in future studies. Alcohol consumption had no impact on these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275243/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arachidonic acid as a potentially critical nutrient for vegetarians and vegans - position paper of the Research Institute for Plant-based Nutrition (IFPE).","authors":"Stine Weder, Sandra Müller, Christine Dawczynski, Markus Keller","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02645-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02645-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) is virtually non-existent in plant foods. Concerns have therefore been raised that a predominantly plant-based diet, i.e., a vegetarian or vegan diet, could lead to ARA deficiency. ARA is discussed as conditionally essential, particularly in early infancy and childhood. Therefore, the authors of this position paper provide an overview of the state of scientific research on ARA for Western countries, with a special focus on risk groups, e.g., pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants, and children. We discuss whether ARA is potentially essential in critical life stages and whether a plant-based diet is appropriate in relation to ARA. Preliminary recommendations are derived on the basis of the available literature: healthy adults and pregnant and lactating women are able to synthetize ARA from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) and, therefore, do not require ARA supplementation, even with plant-based diets. Owing to the importance of ARA in early childhood, infants should be breastfed or given ARA-containing formula. According to current data, it can be assumed that infants, children, and adolescents are also capable of producing sufficient amounts of ARA regardless of their diet. However, these data are sparse. Furthermore, owing to the lack of reference ranges, there are no suitable test methods for diagnosing deficiency. All in all, owing to insufficient data, these recommendations are preliminary, and further studies with risk groups are urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable machine learning-driven models for predicting Parkinson's disease and its prognosis: obesity patterns associations and models development using NHANES 1999-2018 data.","authors":"Jiaxin Fan, Shuai Cao, Hang Peng, Yuanjie Zhi, Shuqin Zhan, Rui Li","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02664-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02664-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition, the effect of obesity on PD remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the associations of obesity patterns on PD and all-cause mortality, while developing machine learning (ML)-driven predictive and prognostic models for PD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifty-one thousand, three hundred ninety-four adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2018 were classified into four obesity patterns via body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Associations of obesity patterns with PD risk and all-cause mortality were evaluated via multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression across three adjusted models. Subgroup, sensitivity, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses examined stability, robustness, and nonlinearity. An integrative ML-driven architecture identified key features to develop predictive and prognostic nomograms, validated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCROCs) and calibration curves. Survival differences were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) enhanced model explanation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Compound obesity significantly increased PD risk (Model 1: OR = 1.83, P &lt; 0.001; Model 2: OR = 1.70, P = 0.002; Model 3: OR = 1.71, P = 0.006) yet correlated with reduced all-cause mortality in PD patients (Model 1: HR = 0.43, P = 0.003; Model 2: HR = 0.75, P = 0.428; Model 3: HR = 0.41, P = 0.033). Subgroup analysis revealed only HbA1c-modified association of compound obesity with PD (P&lt;sub&gt;interaction&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.031). Sensitivity analyses confirmed robustness (pooled OR = 1.83, P &lt; 0.001; pooled HR = 0.43, P = 0.003). RCS analyses revealed BMI-dependent PD risk escalation (P&lt;sub&gt;nonlinearity&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.008, BMI &lt; 45.0 kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), inverted U-shaped WC-PD link (P&lt;sub&gt;nonlinearity&lt;/sub&gt; &lt; 0.001), and inverse dose-response BMI-mortality relationship (P&lt;sub&gt;nonlinearity&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.003), along with multiphasic WC-mortality association (P&lt;sub&gt;Threshold&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.555 at 95 cm and P&lt;sub&gt;Threshold&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.091 at 118 cm). LASSO + RF identified eight features, achieving moderate performance in PD prediction (SMOTE set: AUCROC = 0.75, Brier = 0.20) and prognosis (train set: AUCROC = 0.72, Brier = 0.22) nomograms, with similar results in the test set (AUCROC = 0.70, Brier = 0.01 for prediction, 0.87 and 0.18 for prognosis). No 24-month survival differences were observed across four obesity patterns (train set: P&lt;sub&gt;log-rank&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.73; test set: P&lt;sub&gt;log-rank&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.32).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;This study preliminarily reveals that compound obesity significantly increases PD risk yet paradoxically associates with reduced all-cause mortality in PD patients. Validated predictive and prognostic nomograms for PD achieve relatively robust performances. Nonetheless, extensive longitudinal studies a","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"241"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Insights into the Association of ZJU index with Periodontitis in US participants: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Wei Liu, Jie An, Cheng Jiao, Jun Guo, Lipu Zhang, Zichuan Zhang, Guangchao Liu, Yao Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02655-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02655-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To investigate the association between the Zhejiang University (ZJU) Index, a comprehensive metabolic indicator, and the prevalence of periodontitis in a large-scale population-based study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed data from NHANES (2009-2014) and included 7,547 participants after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The ZJU Index was used as the exposure variable, and periodontitis was diagnosed based on clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depth. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the ZJU Index and periodontitis, adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant positive association was found between the ZJU Index and the prevalence of periodontitis, presenting a J-shaped, non-linear relationship (P for nonlinearity = 0.026). When the ZJU Index was ≥ 45, the likelihood of periodontitis increased significantly, and the dose-response curve became steeper. An increase of 5 units in the ZJU Index was associated with an OR of 1.19 for periodontitis (95% CI: 1.02-1.40, P = 0.028). Subgroup analyses showed no significant interactions among different subgroups. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results, with the E-value indicating that the association was robust unless the OR of an unmeasured confounder exceeded 2.17.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirmed the significant association between the ZJU Index and periodontitis, reinforcing the link between metabolic syndrome and oral health. The ZJU Index may serve as a potential biomarker for early screening assessment of periodontitis. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to establish causality and evaluate the impact of targeted metabolic interventions on periodontal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of triglyceride glucose-weight adjusted waist index and its cumulative exposure on stroke risk: a nationwide prospective cohort study.","authors":"Shiming He, Yinghao Kuang, Xinfang Huang, Yafei Jian, Jinyan Zhang, Wanfen Huang, Yang Zou, Guotai Sheng, Wei Wang, Hongyi Yang","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02667-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02667-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Insulin resistance and obesity are significant factors contributing to the incidence of stroke. The present research examines the association between stroke risk and both the triglyceride glucose-weight adjusted waist index (TyG-WWI, a composite marker of insulin resistance and obesity) and its cumulative exposure (CumTyG-WWI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 4,718 participants without baseline stroke history were included in this investigation, with new-onset stroke cases identified as the main study outcome. Cumulative exposure to the TyG-WWI was calculated based on repeated measurement data from the first and third waves of the national surveys. The relationships of TyG-WWI and CumTyG-WWI with stroke risk were examined using multivariable Cox regression, followed by validation in sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within a six-year median tracking period, 350 cases of stroke were documented among the research subjects. Following adjustment for confounding variables, the Cox regression analysis indicated progressively higher stroke risk with increasing TyG-WWI or CumTyG-WWI levels. Multiple sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of these findings. Additionally, subgroup analysis results demonstrated significant differences in stroke risk associated with TyG-WWI and CumTyG-WWI across different age strata; specifically, individuals aged 45-59 years had a relatively higher stroke risk at similarly high levels of TyG-WWI and CumTyG-WWI compared to those aged ≥ 60 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated baseline TyG-WWI was significantly associated with increased stroke risk. Moreover, the increasing cumulative exposure of TyG-WWI over time further elevates the risk of stroke occurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-density lipoprotein particles are associated with the risk of mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with CVD: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.","authors":"Elham Sharifi-Zahabi, Nooshin Nasiri, Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad, Sobhan Mohammadi, Shaghayegh Shahbazi, Nahid Salehi","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02620-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02620-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & aims: </strong>Increasing data indicate that the concentration of high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-p) may be a strong indicator of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to carry out a meta-analysis to examine the link between subclasses of HDL-p and the hazard of mortality in individuals suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rigorous systematic search was executed through Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to April 2025.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven unique cohort studies were deemed eligible for incorporation in this meta-analysis. The overall hazard was derived by applying a random effects model. The results indicated a negative association of total HDL-p (RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.69-0.78, P < 0.001) and small HDL-p with all-cause mortality (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63-0.75, P < 0.001) for each 5 µmol/l increment. Similarly, each 5 µmol/l large HDL-p was directly related to all-cause mortality (RR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.14- 2.56; P = 0.009). Moreover, each 5 µmol/l increase in small HDL-p was linked to a 33% reduction in CVD mortality (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.50-0.91; P = 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed that small and total HDL-p were negatively correlated with all-cause mortality, whereas latge HDL-p was positively related to mortality from all causes. Additionally, small HDL-p had an inverse relationship with CVD mortality in patients with CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273388/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid infiltration promotes trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells into macrophage-like cells in early lesions of human coronary atherosclerosis.","authors":"Junhai Hao, Jiang Liu, Jiahui Zhou, Yuanfeng Liang, Wanwen Chen, Yueheng Wu, Zhanyi Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02662-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02662-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The trans-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into macrophage-like phenotypes contributes substantially to the advancement of atherosclerotic lesions. However, it remains uncertain whether this trans-differentiation is involved in the early pathogenesis of human coronary atherosclerosis. Given that lipid deposition is a pathological hallmark of early-stage atheroma and that single-cell evidence implicates lipid-processing signatures in VSMC trans-differentiation, it was hypothesized that lipid infiltration critically triggers this process during the early stages of coronary atherosclerosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical information and lipid profiles were collected from 38 heart transplant recipients. Coronary artery specimens were obtained from their explanted hearts and classified as initial lesions, fatty streaks, or advanced lesions. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and immunofluorescence (IF) analyses were performed on the tissue samples to assess lipid infiltration, VSMC phenotype, and trans-differentiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lipid infiltration and VSMC phenotype switching were observed at the initial lesion stage. IHC and semi-quantitative analysis showed that with increasing lipid infiltration, the densities of foam cells, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4)⁺ SMCs, CD248⁺ cells, and CD68⁺ cells rose significantly, correlating with lesion severity. Moreover, the density of FABP4⁺ SMCs was positively associated with intimal thickness as well as the densities of CD248⁺ cells, foam cells, and CD68⁺ cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lipid infiltration begins in the early stages of human coronary artery atherosclerotic lesions and may promote trans-differentiation of intimal SMCs into macrophage-like cells, as indicated by expression of the macrophage-associated protein FABP4. These findings provide novel insight into early atherogenesis and may help identify potential targets for timely prevention and intervention in cardiovascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiomics analysis revealed the regulatory role of chenodeoxycholic acid in fatty acid metabolism and lipid homeostasis.","authors":"Lishuang Li, Xing Ren, Xinyu Gao, Yujia Zhao, Yuman Ma, Junxiao Gong, Shuo Yang, Yanan Sun, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02656-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02656-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the regulatory role and mechanisms of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) on lipid metabolism, and to evaluate its therapeutic potential in lipid metabolism-related diseases such as acne, seborrheic alopecia, and prostate cancer, with the aim of identifying safer and more sustainable treatment alternatives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Lipid-overproduction models were established using RM-1 (murine prostate cancer cells) and primary sebaceous gland cells, stimulated by linoleic acid (LA) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), respectively. CDCA's mechanisms were explored using transcriptomics, proteomics, and fatty acid-targeted metabolomics. In vivo validation was conducted via intradermal injection of CDCA into the sebaceous gland area of golden hamsters to assess its effect on sebaceous lipid metabolism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CDCA significantly reduced intracellular lipid accumulation in both murine prostate cancer cells (RM-1) and primary sebaceous gland cells, and suppressed the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), along with the downregulation of key lipogenic enzymes (SREBF1, FASN, FADS2). Mitochondrial membrane potential was restored in CDCA-treated cells. Multi-omics analyses revealed that CDCA modulated fatty acid biosynthesis and degradation, energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling. Lipidomic profiling demonstrated a shift from saturated to unsaturated fatty acid dominance after CDCA treatment. In vivo, CDCA decreased sebaceous lipid accumulation and downregulated PPAR-γ expression in golden hamsters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CDCA exerted multifaceted regulatory effects on lipid metabolism, hormone signaling, and mitochondrial dynamics. These effects contributed to the maintenance of sebaceous gland homeostasis and supported the development of innovative and potentially more biocompatible therapies for lipid-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12261562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protein, fiber, and exercise: a narrative review of their roles in weight management and cardiometabolic health.","authors":"Liana L Guarneiri, Carol F Kirkpatrick, Kevin C Maki","doi":"10.1186/s12944-025-02659-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12944-025-02659-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 40% of adults in the United States have obesity, which is an independent risk factor for cardiometabolic dysfunction and several chronic diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Interventions for obesity include lifestyle modification, pharmacotherapy, and metabolic surgery. Lifestyle interventions have minimal side effects and are the most economical, yet long-term adherence is poor. Challenges for long-term adherence are related, in part, to metabolic adaptations that occur during weight loss that affect appetite and energy expenditure. However, a lifestyle intervention that involves higher intakes of protein and fiber and increased participation in exercise may help to blunt the increases in hunger and cravings that occur with weight loss while increasing energy expenditure, thus assisting with both weight loss and weight loss maintenance. These changes also promote improved cardiometabolic health, independent of weight loss. This narrative review summarizes the evidence for the roles of increasing protein, fiber, and exercise for weight management and improving the cardiometabolic risk factor profile.</p>","PeriodicalId":18073,"journal":{"name":"Lipids in Health and Disease","volume":"24 1","pages":"237"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}