Light-Science & Applications最新文献_第4页

Effective Rabi frequency in ultrafast semiconductor lasers: self-starting harmonic frequency combs. 超快半导体激光器中的有效拉比频率：自启动谐波频率梳。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-07-10 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02342-1

Carlo Silvestri,Franco Prati,Massimo Brambilla,Mariangela Gioannini,Lorenzo Luigi Columbo

引用次数: 0

Anti-PT symmetry with bound states in the continuum. 连续统中具有束缚态的反pt对称。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-07-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02354-x

Ziyao Feng,Long Jin,Xiankai Sun

{"title":"Anti-PT symmetry with bound states in the continuum.","authors":"Ziyao Feng,Long Jin,Xiankai Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02354-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02354-x","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Hermitian systems satisfying PT- or anti-PT symmetry have produced many intriguing wave phenomena. Maintaining the Hermitian (non-Hermitian) property and increasing the non-Hermitian (Hermitian) property difference can cause a phase transition from a symmetric phase to a broken phase through the exceptional point (EP). However, it is experimentally difficult to construct a system working at the EP to satisfy both requirements simultaneously. Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are a special lossless wave state despite their coexistence with continuous waves. Deviation from a BIC leads to an intrinsically dissipative quasi-BIC. Here, we propose to attain anti-PT symmetry from a binary quasi-BIC system, where an introduced asymmetry between two quasi-BICs induces an anti-PT phase transition through the EP. Experimentally, we used the thermo-optic effect to accurately control the asymmetry and demonstrated an anti-PT phase transition. We further found that the system can operate at the EP despite fabrication imperfections, evidenced by the slow-light effect with a group index exceeding 40. By harnessing BICs for constructing anti-PT symmetry, our approach opens up a new way for fundamental research and practical applications based on non-Hermitian physics.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating degradation mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes using operando electrically pumped spectroscopy. 利用operando电泵光谱学研究有机发光二极管的降解机制。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02373-8

Chang Min Lee,Hyun Jae Lee,Insung Ha,Mengdi Fu,Muhammad Waheed,Geon Lee,Deepak Rajaram Patil,Justin Jesuraj P,Jae Woo Lee,Chul Hoon Kim,Seung Yoon Ryu

{"title":"Investigating degradation mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes using operando electrically pumped spectroscopy.","authors":"Chang Min Lee,Hyun Jae Lee,Insung Ha,Mengdi Fu,Muhammad Waheed,Geon Lee,Deepak Rajaram Patil,Justin Jesuraj P,Jae Woo Lee,Chul Hoon Kim,Seung Yoon Ryu","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02373-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02373-8","url":null,"abstract":"Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been analyzed using a variety of techniques, each offering unique insights into their performance and degradation, yet conventional electrical diagnostics such as impedance spectroscopy (IS) provide only limited insight into the microscopic origins of failure. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of OLED degradation by integrating IS with operando electrically pumped spectroscopy (EPS), which enables simultaneous electrical and optical probing under operational bias. OLED devices, including systematically fabricated in-situ and ex-situ samples, were investigated under both pristine and thermally degraded conditions. IS effectively captured electrical trends, but could not pinpoint the specific layers or interfaces responsible for efficiency loss in degraded devices. EPS, combined with single-layer and bilayer film analysis, revealed the dominant role of exciton scattering and energy transfer disruptions within the emissive layer (EML) and at the EML/HTL (hole transport layer) interface. Kinetic modeling and decay-associated spectral analysis further identified ultrafast exciton quenching pathways induced by thermal stress. These findings establish EPS as a powerful diagnostic tool for visualizing exciton dynamics and localizing degradation, thereby contributing to the development of more stable OLED device architectures.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148388697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bio-inspired backpropagation-free training for optical neural networks. 光学神经网络的仿生无反向传播训练。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-07-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02394-3

Tingxuan Li,Yibo Dong,Kun Tu,Yuchao Zhang,Shu Li,Yuyang Duan,Peng Sun,Min Gu,Jing Wang

{"title":"Bio-inspired backpropagation-free training for optical neural networks.","authors":"Tingxuan Li,Yibo Dong,Kun Tu,Yuchao Zhang,Shu Li,Yuyang Duan,Peng Sun,Min Gu,Jing Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02394-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02394-3","url":null,"abstract":"Optical Neural Networks (ONNs) can perform matrix operations at the speed of light and are expected to bring revolutionary advances in energy-efficient computing. However, traditional ONNs (T-ONNs) rely heavily on error backpropagation algorithms, which are fundamentally incompatible with physical optical systems due to the lack of reciprocal error paths and extreme sensitivity to fabrication imperfections. In this paper, we propose a bio-inspired backpropagation-free optical neural network (B-ONN) that circumvents gradient backpropagation through a layer-wise target propagation mechanism. By introducing trainable error convolution kernels, each layer can perform local learning based on target signals rather than chain-ruled gradients, eliminating the need for precise optical conjugation between forward and backward paths. Experimental results demonstrate that B-ONN achieves comparable accuracy to T-ONN on both the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets, with 93.25% and 82.28% accuracy, respectively. Moreover, B-ONN demonstrates superior robustness against phase noise (75% accuracy at σ ≈ 0.4π) and alignment errors (75% accuracy within ±3 pixels). We physically validated B-ONN using a programmable spatial light modulator (SLM) system, achieving 95% accuracy in handwritten digit recognition. Furthermore, we successfully implemented chip-scale integration via nano printing, maintaining 94% accuracy, confirming B-ONN's effective transferability from programmable setups to fixed devices. Crucially, B-ONN learns smooth phase distributions that provide inherent structural robustness without requiring noise-augmented training. Its local learning rules also support asynchronous parallel updates in scalable deep architectures. This work opens a practical and feasible path for deploying optical computing systems in real-world applications.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148393775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Two-photon 3D imaging of optically stimulated neural activity at 100 Hz. 100赫兹光刺激神经活动的双光子三维成像。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02395-2

Dongli Xu,Fuu-Jiun Hwang,Jun B Ding,Leilei Peng

{"title":"Two-photon 3D imaging of optically stimulated neural activity at 100 Hz.","authors":"Dongli Xu,Fuu-Jiun Hwang,Jun B Ding,Leilei Peng","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02395-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02395-2","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how neurons integrate synaptic inputs requires imaging techniques capable of capturing rapid, three-dimensional dendritic events. These processes occur on millisecond timescales and submicron spatial scales, exceeding the speed of conventional two-photon microscopy (2PM). We developed dual-view Bessel two-photon projection microscopy (dv-B2PM), a high-speed volumetric imaging approach that achieves 100 Hz whole-volume acquisition with synaptic-level resolution. dv-B2PM simultaneously records two orthogonal projections of the same 3D volume, preserving spatial information while minimizing ambiguity from structural overlap. Combining dv-B2PM with two-photon glutamate uncaging, we visualized 3D Ca²⁺ dynamics in neurons following localized stimulation. Multi-timescale analysis revealed dendrite-to-soma Ca²⁺ signal propagation, back propagated Ca²⁺ signal from the soma, and multi-frequency (5-40 Hz) Ca²⁺ transients activated along apical dendrites at speeds from ten of microns per second to millimeters per seconds. These findings demonstrate dv-B2PM as a powerful tool for direct visualization of 3D calcium dynamics associated with dendritic integration across extended neuronal structures, bridging the gap between optical imaging and the dynamic biophysics of neuronal integration.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148372611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quasi-bound states in the continuum driven photoresponse in multiple quantum wells for machine vision. 机器视觉中连续介质驱动多量子阱光响应的准束缚态。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-07-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02404-4

Wenjuan Zhou,Jun Deng,Pengying Chang,Hongrui Dou,Boyu Yang,Yan Chen,Peipei Chen,Chen Xu,Jinchao Tong,Jianlu Wang,Yiyang Xie,Junhao Chu

引用次数: 0

Weak polarization electric field Ⅲ-N LEDs on polar plane with enhanced efficiency and strong lateral carrier confinement. 弱极化电场Ⅲ-N led在极平面上，具有增强效率和强横向载流子约束。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02359-6

Jingkai Zhao,Changcai Zuo,Lidong Zhang,Haozhe Gao,Yuliang Liu,Gaoqiang Deng,Xiaohang Li,Yuantao Zhang

{"title":"Weak polarization electric field Ⅲ-N LEDs on polar plane with enhanced efficiency and strong lateral carrier confinement.","authors":"Jingkai Zhao,Changcai Zuo,Lidong Zhang,Haozhe Gao,Yuliang Liu,Gaoqiang Deng,Xiaohang Li,Yuantao Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02359-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02359-6","url":null,"abstract":"Weak polarization electric field (PEF) III-nitride LEDs provide a promising pathway toward high-performance micro-LEDs for next-generation displays and wearable devices. To realize this promise, improving the efficiency of weak-PEF LEDs is crucial, as it remains the central requirement for next-generation optoelectronic applications. Here, we demonstrate record-high efficiency weak-PEF LEDs on polar c-plane with InGaN/AlGaN digital alloy (DA) superlattice barriers, enabled by optimized pulse-growth mode of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). In addition, we reveal strong lateral carrier confinement in these LEDs. We improve the structural quality and optical performance of weak-PEF InGaN/DA multiple quantum wells (MQWs) by optimizing the pulse-growth conditions. Further, we realize weak-PEF DA-based blue LEDs with peak external quantum efficiency up to 15%, which is the highest value in current studies of its kind. Importantly, weak-PEF DA-based LEDs have strong lateral carrier confinement, leading to less efficiency degradation from sidewall effects than conventional GaN-based MQWs LEDs. This work represents a meaningful step toward high-performance weak-PEF III-nitride LEDs, particularly for micro-LED applications where both efficiency and carrier confinement are critical.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual-mode switchable and reconfigurable Van der Waals phototransistor for multi-state image encryption. 用于多态图像加密的双模可切换和可重构范德华光电晶体管。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02358-7

Yuanfang Yu,Senyao Tang,Nanjie Jiang,Yuwei Zhang,Xiaorui Jin,Jiaxin Gong,Huijuan Zhao,Anran Wang,Dongyang Wan,Zhenhua Ni,Xinran Wang,Li Gao

{"title":"Dual-mode switchable and reconfigurable Van der Waals phototransistor for multi-state image encryption.","authors":"Yuanfang Yu,Senyao Tang,Nanjie Jiang,Yuwei Zhang,Xiaorui Jin,Jiaxin Gong,Huijuan Zhao,Anran Wang,Dongyang Wan,Zhenhua Ni,Xinran Wang,Li Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02358-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02358-7","url":null,"abstract":"Switchable phototransistors equipped with high-sensitivity, dynamic encryption, low-power consumption, and CMOS processing compatibility are key components for optoelectronic encryption chips. Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures provide a solution toward this goal, despite continued efforts, excessive dependence on gate voltage modulation, multi-wavelength excitation and polarization modulation causes unsolved issues of high-power operation, channel interference and limited integration level, respectively. Here, we demonstrate a dual-mode vdWs phototransistor based on PtTe2/WS2 heterostructure. Through bias-modulated band alignment and carrier dynamics, the operation mechanism can be switched between photoconductive and photovoltaic modes. In photoconductive mode, the prolonged carrier lifetime donates a large photogain, yielding a high responsivity of 1.37 A W-1. In photovoltaic mode, a wide unilateral depletion region effectively suppresses the dark current, contributing outstanding specific detectivity of 9.42 × 1014 Jones, weak light detection capability (~pW level), and high-speed response (rise time ~26.3 μs, fall time ~22.6 μs). More importantly, high on/off ratio of ~105 and four distinct current states have been achieved via dual-mode operation in the phototransistor, enabling the realization of multiple optical logic gates (XNOR, NOR and XOR) and multi-state quaternary image encryption with superior average correlation coefficient of adjacent pixels of 0.03. This reconfigurable device provides a versatile platform for constructing multi-functional photoelectronic chips and advancing secure optical communication technologies.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148365015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Expanded field of view light-field extended-reality displays with metalens array. 基于超透镜阵列的扩展视场光场扩展现实显示器。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02266-w

Wen-Long Lu,Yang Yi,Zhi-Bin Fan,Shi-Hao Li,Zong Qin,Jian-Wen Dong

{"title":"Expanded field of view light-field extended-reality displays with metalens array.","authors":"Wen-Long Lu,Yang Yi,Zhi-Bin Fan,Shi-Hao Li,Zong Qin,Jian-Wen Dong","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02266-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02266-w","url":null,"abstract":"Extended reality with an immersive visual experience needs to achieve vergence-accommodation-conflict-free (VAC-free) and human-level field of view (FOV) simultaneously. Holography is a dreamlike solution but seriously suffers from both an ultra-narrow diffraction angle and uneliminated coherent laser speckle. Incoherent-based light-field display is an alternative solution, but it still has an inherent issue with off-axis aberration when using a homogeneous microlens array for lightweight applications. Here, we propose a heterogeneous metalens array (MeLA) that integrates VAC-free operation and aberration correction into a slim monolithic component with expanded FOV. Such a large etendue is due to a unique phase profile in the heterogeneous MeLA, each lenslet of which has an identical hyperbolic term cascading a varying linear-tiling term. Nanoimprint lithography is employed to achieve a centimeter-scale MeLA with a feature aspect ratio of 7:1. In this way, we developed a light-field 3D display prototype with monocular focus cues and a FOV of 50°, approximately four times that of the microlens-array case, and fully exploiting the commercial micro-displays. The proposed MeLA system can even be scaled to human stereoscopic vision, with a maximum value of 80°, without compromising other performance metrics such as depth of field, resolution, and compactness. The characteristics of FOV expansion with monocular 3D display capability are demonstrated through experimental videos generated using a real-time elemental image array algorithm dedicated to the proposed MeLA system. This work opens new opportunities for extended reality through VAC-free 3D display and a wide FOV, poised to transform consumer electronics, precision nanofabrication, and healthcare.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148348916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-speed and high-sensitivity multi-gas detection based on parallel heterodyne LITES sensor. 基于并联外差LITES传感器的高速高灵敏度多气体检测。

Light-Science & Applications Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-026-02385-4

Haiyue Sun,Shunda Qiao,Ying He,Yuanzhi Wang,Jinfeng Hou,Chu Zhang,Yongkang Dong,Yufei Ma

{"title":"High-speed and high-sensitivity multi-gas detection based on parallel heterodyne LITES sensor.","authors":"Haiyue Sun,Shunda Qiao,Ying He,Yuanzhi Wang,Jinfeng Hou,Chu Zhang,Yongkang Dong,Yufei Ma","doi":"10.1038/s41377-026-02385-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-026-02385-4","url":null,"abstract":"A parallel heterodyne light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (PH-LITES) sensor is proposed for high-speed and high-sensitivity multi-gas detection for the first time. Within the collaborative signal enhancement architecture (CSEA), high sensitivity and high-speed detection are achieved at the physical layer. A self-designed cylindrical multi-pass cell (MPC) with a recorded high optical path length to volume ratio (OPL/V = 37.4 cm-2) and a four‑tine quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a low resonant frequency (f0 = ~7.9 kHz) work synergistically to enhance detection responsivity, establishing a robust foundation for highly sensitive detection of low-concentration gas mixtures. High‑speed capability is enabled by parallel heterodyne modulation, where a single QTF is excited to generate a composite transient response signal, allowing for the rapid, simultaneous acquisition of spectral information from multiple gases. At the information layer, intelligent processing is implemented via a collaborative intelligent processing architecture (CIPA) integrating convolutional neural networks (CNN), a hybrid attention mechanism (HAM), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). The CNN-HAM-BiLSTM architecture performs feature extraction, attention-based enhancement, and temporal modeling to enable accurate concentration retrieval from the parallel spectra derived from a single QTF output. Experimental validation using methane (CH4) and acetylene (C2H2) achieved minimum detection limits (MDLs) of 378 ppb and 285 ppb, respectively, within a 4 s scanning time. The proposed system offers an efficient solution for applications requiring rapid and sensitive multi-gas detection.","PeriodicalId":18069,"journal":{"name":"Light-Science & Applications","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148348918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0