Oliver Josephs, Barbara Dymerska, Nadine N Graedel, Yael Balbastre, Nadège Corbin, Martina F Callaghan
{"title":"Online image reconstruction via Multiple Orthogonal Reference Sensitivity Encoding (MORSE).","authors":"Oliver Josephs, Barbara Dymerska, Nadine N Graedel, Yael Balbastre, Nadège Corbin, Martina F Callaghan","doi":"10.1007/s10334-026-01387-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-026-01387-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Parallel imaging is ubiquitous in MRI, enabling higher spatial and/or temporal resolution. However, successful unfolding is contingent on robust and accurate estimation of relative coil sensitivities, which often involves computation times that preclude online deployment. We present a computationally efficient method of robustly estimating coil sensitivities, and reconstructing under-sampled images using a data-driven regularised SENSE formalism that is commensurate with online deployment for Cartesian k-space acquisitions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The proposed image reconstruction method via Multiple Orthogonal Reference Sensitivity Encoding (MORSE) estimates multiple sensitivities per voxel to address issues, such as rapidly varying sensitivities, chemical shift artefact, or insufficient fields of view. It simultaneously provides a data-driven regularisation term for noise control providing inherent adaptability to diverse imaging contexts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MORSE has been successfully deployed in multiple neuroimaging studies at both 3T and 7T, including functional studies of autobiographical memory processing, visual and auditory perception, and quantitative MRI studies of neurodegenerative diseases including Huntington's, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Exemplar image reconstructions are presented and compared with GRAPPA, ENLIVE, ESPIRiT and LORAKS. We also showcase application of MORSE outside of the brain via application in liver and knee imaging. MORSE consistently produced high-quality, artefact-free images with reconstruction times feasible for online deployment.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The proposed method of sensitivity estimation and unfolding regularisation is flexible and robust. It is made available to the community in open-source as a library of functions within the vendor-agnostic Gadgetron image reconstruction framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deuterium metabolic imaging beyond the brain: mapping tissue metabolism across the body.","authors":"Maaike M Konig, Jeanine J Prompers","doi":"10.1007/s10334-026-01327-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-026-01327-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is an emerging magnetic resonance technique that enables non-invasive investigation of in vivo metabolism without the use of ionizing radiation. By administering various deuterium-labeled substrates, different metabolic pathways and fluxes can be probed. To date, most DMI studies have focused on cerebral metabolism; however, its application is rapidly expanding to include metabolic processes in other body organs and tissues, as well as non-brain tumors. This review summarizes the current state of in vivo DMI research beyond the brain, covering studies of the liver, non-brain tumors, and other organs, such as pancreas, kidney, and heart. With ongoing methodological developments and increasing emphasis on clinical translation, DMI holds considerable promise as a versatile tool for studying human metabolism and for future clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"475-497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147317519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elton T Montrazi, Maya Kovalevsky, Keren Sasson, Lilach Agemy, Avigdor Scherz, Lucio Frydman
{"title":"Assessing the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma by deuterium metabolic imaging: a preclinical study.","authors":"Elton T Montrazi, Maya Kovalevsky, Keren Sasson, Lilach Agemy, Avigdor Scherz, Lucio Frydman","doi":"10.1007/s10334-026-01340-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-026-01340-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the utility of Deuterium Metabolic Imaging (DMI) as a tool for monitoring disease progression and assessing the therapeutic efficacy of cyclophosphamide in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized C57BL mice implanted with a PDAC model, and separated into two experimental groups: One cohort served as an untreated control, while the second was treated with the chemotherapeutic agent cyclophosphamide (CP). Metabolic mapping for the two cohorts was performed over the course of weeks using 2H MRSI at 15.2T, tracking the metabolic pathway of deuterated glucose as it converts by the PDAC into lactate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CP administration led to a significant reduction in tumor growth and improved survival rates compared to the control group. Tumor growth rates for the untreated, control group, showed a strong inverse correlation for glucose's uptake and a strong direct correlation with the glucose-to-lactate conversion rates as seen by DMI. CP treatment disrupted both these correlations: Post-treatment, tumor growth rates became statistically uncorrelated with either glucose consumption or lactate production which, when normalized for tumor size, remained relatively constant during the treatment period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study demonstrates that CP treatment fundamentally alters the metabolic kinetics of glucose in PDAC tumors, inducing disruptions in metabolic correlations that may serve for distinguishing therapeutic success from failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"417-430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147623239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabian Niess, Bernhard Strasser, Bernard Lanz, Wolfgang Bogner
{"title":"Advanced methods in deuterium metabolic imaging.","authors":"Fabian Niess, Bernhard Strasser, Bernard Lanz, Wolfgang Bogner","doi":"10.1007/s10334-026-01322-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-026-01322-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has recently been established as a versatile MR-based technique for in vivo mapping of glucose and other metabolic pathways using safe, non-ionizing <sup>2</sup>H-labeled tracers.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this review, methodological advances in DMI over the past decade are summarized, spanning hardware, acquisition, reconstruction, and quantification.</p><p><strong>Approach and outline: </strong>Developments in multinuclear system modifications and dual-tuned head and body coils that enable 3D DMI at clinical and ultra-high field strengths are outlined. Efficient spatial-spectral encoding strategies and balanced steady-state-free-precession-based MRSI, which improve SNR efficiency and spatiotemporal resolution, are reviewed together with temporally interleaved <sup>1</sup>H/<sup>2</sup>H acquisitions that integrate DMI into standard MRI workflows. Indirect <sup>1</sup>H-observed deuterium detection (QELT) is described as a complementary approach for sites without multinuclear hardware. On the reconstruction side, model-based, low-rank and AI-driven methods are highlighted for de-noising, accelerated sampling, and robust spectral-temporal fitting.</p><p><strong>Outlook: </strong>Current strategies for concentration estimation, kinetic modeling, and treatment of label loss are discussed, positioning DMI as a promising complement to FDG-PET and <sup>13</sup>C-MRS for studying metabolism in neurological, oncological and systemic disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"431-452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146041051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robin A de Graaf, Monique A Thomas, Graeme F Mason, Raimund I Herzog, Henk M De Feyter
{"title":"Robust determination of deuterium abundance in water.","authors":"Robin A de Graaf, Monique A Thomas, Graeme F Mason, Raimund I Herzog, Henk M De Feyter","doi":"10.1007/s10334-025-01312-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-025-01312-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Quantitative Deuterium Metabolic Imaging, or DMI, is typically based on the natural abundance deuterium (<sup>2</sup>H) signal from water that is inherently present in all DMI data. The <sup>2</sup>H level in water depends on many geographical and atmospheric factors, whereby the in vivo <sup>2</sup>H level can be further modified through the administration and breakdown of deuterated substrates. For water to act as an internal concentration reference, the <sup>2</sup>H enrichment needs to be determined on a regional or even per-subject basis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An NMR method is presented to quantitatively and robustly determine the <sup>2</sup>H enrichment in water using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as an <sup>1</sup>H/<sup>2</sup>H internal reference. The method, employing a <sup>1</sup>H/<sup>2</sup>H ratio of water/DMSO ratios, is independent of the amount of water or reference. The method is readily implemented on any modern NMR spectrometer with signal acquisition based on simple, fully-relaxed pulse-acquire methods and standard NMR tubes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The double ratio method is validated on samples with known <sup>2</sup>H enrichments and variations in <sup>2</sup>H water content are demonstrated for bottled spring waters from across the United States, and for human blood plasma during infusions of deuterated glucose and acetate.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The presented double ratio method is a robust and practical tool to determine <sup>2</sup>H water enrichment on individual subjects and/or specific geographic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"351-360"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12884391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Narjes Ahmadian, Mark Gosselink, Sigrid Otto, Dimitri Welting, Kiki Tesselaar, Tom Snijders, Pieter van Eijsden, Jeanine Prompers, Dennis Klomp, Evita Wiegers
{"title":"Dynamic deuterium metabolic imaging in glioblastoma at 7T.","authors":"Narjes Ahmadian, Mark Gosselink, Sigrid Otto, Dimitri Welting, Kiki Tesselaar, Tom Snijders, Pieter van Eijsden, Jeanine Prompers, Dennis Klomp, Evita Wiegers","doi":"10.1007/s10334-025-01299-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-025-01299-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigates the dynamic metabolic characteristics of glioblastoma (GBM) using Deuterium Metabolic Imaging (DMI) at 7 T, aiming to dynamically characterize the Warburg effect in vivo.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Five newly diagnosed GBM patients underwent dynamic DMI prior to any treatment. 3D <sup>2</sup>H free-induction-decay (FID)-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) measurements (11:44 min per scan) were performed at 7 T during ~ 100 min following [6,6'-<sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>]glucose consumption. Venous plasma glucose and plasma <sup>2</sup>H-Glc atom percent enrichment (APE) levels were measured during the scan. Brain <sup>2</sup>H-glucose (<sup>2</sup>H-Glc),<sup>2</sup>H-Glutamate/Glutamine (<sup>2</sup>H-Glx), <sup>2</sup>H-Lactate (<sup>2</sup>H-Lac), <sup>2</sup>H-Lac/<sup>2</sup>H-Glx were analyzed with a two-level (time and tissue type) Linear Mixed Model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Brain <sup>2</sup>H-Glc levels were similar across tissue types. <sup>2</sup>H-Glx was significantly lower in tumors compared to normal appearing brain tissue (NABT) (p < 0.01). <sup>2</sup>H-Lac was significantly higher in tumors compared to NABT (P < 0.01). The <sup>2</sup>H-Lac/<sup>2</sup>H-Glx ratio provided tumor-specific contrast, starting 40-50 min post [6,6'-<sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>]glucose consumption. Venous plasma glucose and <sup>2</sup>H-Glc APE increased within 50 min and venous <sup>2</sup>H-Glc APE stabilized at ~ 60%.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Dynamic DMI at 7 T reveals metabolic alterations in GBM, particularly through the <sup>2</sup>H-Lac/<sup>2</sup>H-Glx ratio. This contrast was primarily driven by decreased <sup>2</sup>H-Glx rather than profoundly increased <sup>2</sup>H-Lac. These findings support the utility of DMI in assessing metabolic reprogramming in brain tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"463-473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13354616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brayan Alves, Tan Toi Phan, Guillaume Briand, Alessio Siviglia, Gianna Nossa, Jessie Mosso, Eloïse Mougel, Jamie Near, Thi Ngoc Anh Dinh, Omar Zenteno, Bernard Lanz, Thanh Phong Lê, Cristina Cudalbu
{"title":"MRS4Brain: a software for preclinical proton and deuterium-based MR spectroscopic imaging data.","authors":"Brayan Alves, Tan Toi Phan, Guillaume Briand, Alessio Siviglia, Gianna Nossa, Jessie Mosso, Eloïse Mougel, Jamie Near, Thi Ngoc Anh Dinh, Omar Zenteno, Bernard Lanz, Thanh Phong Lê, Cristina Cudalbu","doi":"10.1007/s10334-026-01351-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-026-01351-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is a non-invasive technique for probing metabolism. MRSI enables spatial mapping of metabolite distributions, offering insights into regional metabolic heterogeneity that single-voxel spectroscopy (SVS) cannot capture. However, MRSI produces large multidimensional datasets and requires complex processing pipelines, limiting reproducibility and accessibility. While human studies benefit from advanced processing tools, similar developments in preclinical research remain scarce, highlighting a demand for practical tools accessible to non-experts. Furthermore, recent advances in deuterium-based MRSI have opened metabolic pathway studies, introducing additional dimensions for kinetic information and specific positional labeling, thus substantially increasing dataset complexity and analysis demands.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address these needs, we introduce the MRS4Brain Toolbox, a freely available MATLAB-based platform for preclinical MRSI supporting proton, deuterium, and other nuclei, with extended functionalities for SVS and diffusion-weighted spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The toolbox integrates reconstruction, preprocessing, quantification, quality control, brain segmentation automatically overlaid on metabolite maps, modeling, and statistical analysis into unified workflows accessible via a graphical interface.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By streamlining data processing and reducing technical barriers, MRS4Brain Toolbox promotes reproducibility, harmonization, and broader adoption of basic and advanced spectroscopic techniques in preclinical studies, ultimately facilitating translational metabolic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"361-379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13687256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gianna Nossa, Eloïse Mougel, Brayan Alves, Tan Toi Phan, Alessio Siviglia, Thi Ngoc Anh Dinh, Thanh Phong Lê, Bernard Lanz, Cristina Cudalbu
{"title":"Mastering preclinical proton and deuterium-based fast MRSI in the brain: from setup to execution.","authors":"Gianna Nossa, Eloïse Mougel, Brayan Alves, Tan Toi Phan, Alessio Siviglia, Thi Ngoc Anh Dinh, Thanh Phong Lê, Bernard Lanz, Cristina Cudalbu","doi":"10.1007/s10334-026-01352-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-026-01352-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MR experiments are essential for studying brain metabolism, yet preclinical MRSI remains underdeveloped, with significant limitations in SNR, acquisition speed, and automated data processing. Although recent advances-such as accelerated sequences, denoising strategies, and ultra-high-field systems-have begun to reduce these barriers; preclinical MRSI still lags far behind the human research field in accessibility and routine use. Based on our expertise, we have created this guide that outlines a complete workflow for acquiring and analyzing high-quality fast-proton and deuterium-based MRSI data in rodent brains at ultra-high fields (9.4 T and 14.1 T), enabling novice users to perform reliable experiments using optimized MRSI sequences (FID-MRSI, SE-MRSI, and PRESS-MRSI) and standardized processing pipelines, while also highlighting strategies to further improve acquisition speed, coverage, and reproducibility. Overall, this paper provides a strong foundation for future methodological advances that will expand metabolic imaging capabilities and deepen insights into brain metabolism and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"395-416"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13687300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}