Antonella Meloni, Aldo Carnevale, Paolo Gaio, Vincenzo Positano, Cristina Passantino, Alessia Pepe, Andrea Barison, Giancarlo Todiere, Chrysanthos Grigoratos, Giovanni Novani, Laura Pistoia, Melchiore Giganti, Filippo Cademartiri, Alberto Cossu
{"title":"Liver T1 and T2 mapping in a large cohort of healthy subjects: normal ranges and correlation with age and sex.","authors":"Antonella Meloni, Aldo Carnevale, Paolo Gaio, Vincenzo Positano, Cristina Passantino, Alessia Pepe, Andrea Barison, Giancarlo Todiere, Chrysanthos Grigoratos, Giovanni Novani, Laura Pistoia, Melchiore Giganti, Filippo Cademartiri, Alberto Cossu","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01135-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-023-01135-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We established normal ranges for native T1 and T2 values in the human liver using a 1.5 T whole-body imager (General Electric) and we evaluated their variation across hepatic segments and their association with age and sex.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One-hundred healthy volunteers aged 20-70 years (50% females) underwent MRI. Modified Look-Locker inversion recovery and multi-echo fast-spin-echo sequences were used to measure hepatic native global and segmental T1 and T2 values, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T1 and T2 values exhibited good intra- and inter-observer reproducibility (coefficient of variation < 5%). T1 value over segment 4 was significantly lower than the T1 values over segments 2 and 3 (p < 0.0001). No significant regional T2 variability was detected. Segmental and global T1 values were not associated with age or sex. Global T2 values were independent from age but were significantly lower in males than in females. The lower and upper limits of normal for global T1 values were, respectively, 442 ms and 705 ms. The normal range for global T2 values was 35 ms-54 ms in males and 39 ms-54 ms in females.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Liver T1 and T2 mapping is feasible and reproducible and the provided normal ranges may help to establish diagnosis and progression of various liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"93-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138451855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marco Parillo, Carlo Augusto Mallio, Aart J Van der Molen, Àlex Rovira, Ilona A Dekkers, Uwe Karst, Gerard Stroomberg, Olivier Clement, Eliana Gianolio, Aart J Nederveen, Alexander Radbruch, Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi
{"title":"The role of gadolinium-based contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging structured reporting and data systems (RADS).","authors":"Marco Parillo, Carlo Augusto Mallio, Aart J Van der Molen, Àlex Rovira, Ilona A Dekkers, Uwe Karst, Gerard Stroomberg, Olivier Clement, Eliana Gianolio, Aart J Nederveen, Alexander Radbruch, Carlo Cosimo Quattrocchi","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01113-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-023-01113-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the 28 reporting and data systems (RADS) available in the literature, we identified 15 RADS that can be used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Performing examinations without using gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) has benefits, but GBCA administration is often required to achieve an early and accurate diagnosis. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current role of GBCA in MRI RADS. This overview suggests that GBCA are today required in most of the current RADS and are expected to be used in most MRIs performed in patients with cancer. Dynamic contrast enhancement is required for correct scores calculation in PI-RADS and VI-RADS, although scientific evidence may lead in the future to avoid the GBCA administration in these two RADS. In Bone-RADS, contrast enhancement can be required to classify an aggressive lesion. In RADS scoring on whole body-MRI datasets (MET-RADS-P, MY-RADS and ONCO-RADS), in NS-RADS and in Node-RADS, GBCA administration is optional thanks to the intrinsic high contrast resolution of MRI. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the high T1 relaxivity GBCA on the assignment of RADS scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10279210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nada Kamona, Brandon C Jones, Hyunyeol Lee, Hee Kwon Song, Chamith S Rajapakse, Connor S Wagner, Scott P Bartlett, Felix W Wehrli
{"title":"Cranial bone imaging using ultrashort echo-time bone-selective MRI as an alternative to gradient-echo based \"black-bone\" techniques.","authors":"Nada Kamona, Brandon C Jones, Hyunyeol Lee, Hee Kwon Song, Chamith S Rajapakse, Connor S Wagner, Scott P Bartlett, Felix W Wehrli","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01125-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-023-01125-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>CT is the clinical standard for surgical planning of craniofacial abnormalities in pediatric patients. This study evaluated three MRI cranial bone imaging techniques for their strengths and limitations as a radiation-free alternative to CT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy adults were scanned at 3 T with three MRI sequences: dual-radiofrequency and dual-echo ultrashort echo time sequence (DURANDE), zero echo time (ZTE), and gradient-echo (GRE). DURANDE bright-bone images were generated by exploiting bone signal intensity dependence on RF pulse duration and echo time, while ZTE bright-bone images were obtained via logarithmic inversion. Three skull segmentations were derived, and the overlap of the binary masks was quantified using dice similarity coefficient. Craniometric distances were measured, and their agreement was quantified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was good overlap of the three masks and excellent agreement among craniometric distances. DURANDE and ZTE showed superior air-bone contrast (i.e., sinuses) and soft-tissue suppression compared to GRE.</p><p><strong>Discussions: </strong>ZTE has low levels of acoustic noise, however, ZTE images had lower contrast near facial bones (e.g., zygomatic) and require effective bias-field correction to separate bone from air and soft-tissue. DURANDE utilizes a dual-echo subtraction post-processing approach to yield bone-specific images, but the sequence is not currently manufacturer-supported and requires scanner-specific gradient-delay corrections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10923077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71483190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahid Ali, Hassan Kefayati, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani, Afshin Pourahmad
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of new magneto-fluorescent carbon dot based on manganese citrate for MRI imaging.","authors":"Vahid Ali, Hassan Kefayati, Mehdi Shafiee Ardestani, Afshin Pourahmad","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01117-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-023-01117-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Medical imaging techniques have widely revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of various health conditions. Among these techniques, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has stood out as a noninvasive and versatile tool. Now, a breakthrough innovation called \"manganese-carbon dots\" is poised to enhance MRI imaging and provide physicians with even greater insight into the human body.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, one-pot hydrothermal method was used to fabricate magneto-fluorescent carbon quantum dots using manganese citrate, urea, and Mn2+. Manganese citrateAQ3 acted as a carbon source and contrast agent. TEM,XPS, FTIR, UV-Vis, fluorescent analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of magneto-fluorescent carbon quantum dots. The MTT assay was used to study its biocompatiblity, Finallay application of itscompound for mri imaging was investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Characterization Techniques confirmed the succesful synthesis of product. MTT assay showed no toxicity of this product on HEK-293 cells. In addition, it exhibited high r1 relaxivity (7.4 mM-1 S-1) suggesting excellent potential of magneto-fluorescent carbon quantum dots as MRI T1 contrast agent and enabling specific imaging.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results obtained, the synthesized carbon quantum dots could be used as fluorescence/MRI bimodal platform for in vivo imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"139-148"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49679182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonuniform sliding-window reconstruction for accelerated dual contrast agent quantification with MR fingerprinting","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01140-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-023-01140-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <span> <h3>Objective</h3> <p>MR fingerprinting (MRF) can enable preclinical studies of cell tracking by quantifying multiple contrast agents simultaneously, but faster scan times are required for in vivo applications. Sliding window (SW)-MRF is one option for accelerating MRF, but standard implementations are not sufficient to preserve the accuracy of <em>T</em><sub>2</sub>*, which is critical for tracking iron-labelled cells in vivo.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Purpose</h3> <p>To develop a SW approach to MRF which preserves the <em>T</em><sub>2</sub>* accuracy required for accelerated concentration mapping of iron-labelled cells on single-channel preclinical systems.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Methods</h3> <p>A nonuniform SW was applied to the MRF sequence and dictionary. Segments of the sequence most sensitive to <em>T</em><sub>2</sub>* were subject to a shorter window length, preserving the <em>T</em><sub>2</sub>* sensitivity. Phantoms containing iron-labelled CD8+ T cells and gadolinium were used to compare 24× undersampled uniform and nonuniform SW-MRF parameter maps. Dual concentration maps were generated for both uniform and nonuniform MRF and compared.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Results</h3> <p>Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, compared to gold standard parameter values, was much greater for nonuniform SW-MRF than for uniform SW-MRF. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant difference between nonuniform SW-MRF and gold standards. Nonuniform SW-MRF outperformed the uniform SW-MRF concentration maps for all parameters, providing a balance between <em>T</em><sub>2</sub>* sensitivity of short window lengths, and SNR of longer window lengths.</p> </span> <span> <h3>Conclusions</h3> <p>Nonuniform SW-MRF improves the accuracy of matching compared to uniform SW-MRF, allowing higher accelerated concentration mapping for preclinical systems.</p> </span>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139461137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Book of Abstracts ESMRMB 2023 Online 39th Annual Scientific Meeting 4–7 October 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01130-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-023-01130-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":"23 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139010016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A short-TR single-echo spin-echo breath-hold method for assessing liver T2","authors":"Marshall S. Sussman, Kartik S. Jhaveri","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01132-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-023-01132-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>Conventional single-echo spin-echo T2 mapping used for liver iron quantification is too long for breath-holding. This study investigated a short TR (~100 ms) single-echo spin-echo T2 mapping technique wherein each image (corresponding to a single TE) could be acquired in ~17 s–short enough for a breath-hold. TE images were combined for T2 fitting. To avoid T1 bias, each TE acquisition incremented TR to maintain a constant TR-TE.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Materials and methods</h3><p>Experiments at 1.5T validated the technique’s accuracy in phantoms, 9 healthy volunteers, and 5 iron overload patients<i>.</i> In phantoms and healthy volunteers, the technique was compared to the conventional approach of constant TR for all TEs. Iron overload results were compared to FerriScan.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In phantoms, the constant TR-TE technique provided unbiased estimates of T2, while the conventional constant TR approach underestimated it. In healthy volunteers, there was no significant discrepancy at the 95% confidence level between constant TR-TE and reference T2 values, whereas there was for constant TR scans. In iron overload patients, there was a high correlation between constant TR-TE and FerriScan T2 values (<i>r</i><sup><i>2</i></sup> = 0.95), with a discrepancy of 0.6+/− 1.4 ms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Discussion</h3><p>The short-TR single-echo breath-hold spin-echo technique provided unbiased estimates of T2 in phantoms and livers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138563081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FastPtx: a versatile toolbox for rapid, joint design of pTx RF and gradient pulses using Pytorch’s autodifferentiation","authors":"Dario Bosch, Klaus Scheffler","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01134-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-023-01134-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>With modern optimization methods, free optimization of parallel transmit pulses together with their gradient waveforms can be performed on-line within a short time. A toolbox which uses PyTorch’s autodifferentiation for simultaneous optimization of RF and gradient waveforms is presented and its performance is evaluated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>MR measurements were performed on a 9.4T MRI scanner using a 3D saturated single-shot turboFlash sequence for <span>(B_1^+)</span> mapping. RF pulse simulation and optimization were done using a Python toolbox and a dedicated server. An RF- and Gradient pulse design toolbox was developed, including a cost function to balance different metrics and respect hardware and regulatory limits. Pulse performance was evaluated in GRE and MPRAGE imaging. Pulses for non-selective and for slab-selective excitation were designed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Universal pulses for non-selective excitation reduced the flip angle error to an NRMSE of (12.3±1.7)% relative to the targeted flip angle in simulations, compared to (42.0±1.4)% in CP mode. The tailored pulses performed best, resulting in a narrow flip angle distribution with NRMSE of (8.2±1.0)%. The tailored pulses could be created in only 66 s, making it feasible to design them during an experiment. A 90° pulse was designed as preparation pulse for a satTFL sequence and achieved a NRMSE of 7.1%. We showed that both MPRAGE and GRE imaging benefited from the pTx pulses created with our toolbox.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The pTx pulse design toolbox can freely optimize gradient and pTx RF waveforms in a short time. This allows for tailoring high-quality pulses in just over a minute.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138555494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philipp Amrein, Fleming Bruckmaier, Feng Jia, Dominik B Bucher, Maxim Zaitsev, Sebastian Littin
{"title":"Optimal bi-planar gradient coil configurations for diamond nitrogen-vacancy based diffusion-weighted NMR experiments.","authors":"Philipp Amrein, Fleming Bruckmaier, Feng Jia, Dominik B Bucher, Maxim Zaitsev, Sebastian Littin","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01111-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-023-01111-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diffusion weighting in optically detected magnetic resonance experiments involving diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers can provide valuable microstructural information. Bi-planar gradient coils employed for diffusion weighting afford excellent spatial access, essential for integrating the NV-NMR components. Nevertheless, owing to the polar tilt of roughly [Formula: see text] of the diamond NV center, the primary magnetic field direction must be taken into account accordingly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To determine the most effective bi-planar gradient coil configurations, we conducted an investigation into the impact of various factors, including the square side length, surface separation, and surface orientation. This was accomplished by generating over 500 bi-planar surface configurations using automated methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We successfully generated and evaluated coil layouts in terms of sensitivity and field accuracy. Interestingly, inclined bi-planar orientations close to the NV-NMR setup's requirement, showed higher sensitivity for the transverse gradient channels than horizontal or vertical orientations. We fabricated a suitable solution as a three-channel bi-planar double-layered PCB system and experimentally validated the sensitivities at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for the transverse [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] gradients, and [Formula: see text] for the [Formula: see text] gradient.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>We found that the chosen relative bi-planar tilt of [Formula: see text] represents a reasonable compromise in terms of overall performance and allows for easier coil implementation with a straight, horizontal alignment within the overall experimental setup.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"921-932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10045335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu S Park, Joshua W Guag, Hongbae Jeong, Sunder S Rajan, Brent McCright
{"title":"A new method to improve RF safety of implantable medical devices using inductive coupling at 3.0 T MRI.","authors":"Bu S Park, Joshua W Guag, Hongbae Jeong, Sunder S Rajan, Brent McCright","doi":"10.1007/s10334-023-01109-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10334-023-01109-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To enhance RF safety when implantable medical devices are located within the body coil but outside the imaging region by using a secondary resonator (SR) to reduce electric fields, the corresponding specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature change during MRI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted using numerical simulations with an American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) phantom and adult human models of Ella and Duke from Virtual Family Models, along with corresponding experimental results of temperature change obtained using the ASTM phantom. The circular SR was designed with an inner diameter of 150 mm and a width of 6 mm. Experimental measurements were carried out using a 3 T Medical Implant Test System (MITS) body coil, electromagnetic (EM) field mapping probes, and an ASTM phantom.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The magnitudes of B<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup> (|B<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup>|) and SAR<sub>1g</sub> were reduced by 15.2% and 5.85% within the volume of interest (VoI) of an ASTM phantom, when a SR that generates opposing electromagnetic fields was utilized. Likewise, the Δ|B<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup>| and ΔSAR<sub>1g</sub> were reduced by up to 56.7% and 57.5% within the VoI of an Ella model containing a copper rod when an opposing SR was used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A novel method employing the designed SR, which generates opposing magnetic fields to partially shield a sample, has been proposed to mitigate the risk of induced-RF heating at the VoI through numerical simulations and corresponding experiments under various conditions at 3.0 T.</p>","PeriodicalId":18067,"journal":{"name":"Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"933-943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10667457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9965773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}