Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Music Intervention on the Behaviour Disorders of Children with Intellectual Disability using Strategies from Applied Behaviour Analysis","authors":"Ritu Kalgotra, Jaspal Singh Warwal","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I1.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I1.584","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The effect of music intervention on mild and moderate Intellectually disabled children was studied in non-randomized pre-test post-test control group design at an Indian state (Jammu) J&K. Method: The mild and moderate intellectual disabled children fulfilling inclusive and exclusive criteria were placed into control and experimental group. BASIC-MR part-B (pre-test) was administered on both the groups. Intervention in music activities using strategies from Applied Behaviour Analysis was introduced sequentially to the experimental group. Children in the control group were not involved in any additional activity. Both the groups were assessed after 6 months (post-test) to find out the effect of intervention. Results: The mean difference between both the groups of mild and moderate intellectually disabled children was significant. In both mildly disabled children, F (1, 2) = 36.937, p = .026 and moderately disabled children F (1, 13) =71.686, p = .000, the effect of the music intervention was highly significant. Conclusion: Music intervention program produced significant changes in the domains of violent and destructive behaviour and misbehaviours with others domains of children with mild intellectual disability. In children with moderate disability, music intervention produced significant changes in the domains of violent and destructive behaviour, misbehaviours with others, self-injurious behaviours, repetitive behaviours, hyperactivity, rebellious behaviours, and anti-social behaviours. Both mild and moderate intellectually disabled children didn’t show any significant change in temper tantrums, odd behaviours and fears domains of behaviour disorders.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114426875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community action research in disability (CARD): An inclusive research programme in Uganda","authors":"S. Hartley, A. Yousafzai, M. G. Kaahwa, H. Finkenflügel, Alisha N. Wade, G. Bazirake, M. L. Drachler, J. Seeley, Y. Alavi, W. Mataze, E. Mucuriguzi","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I1.630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I1.630","url":null,"abstract":"The ideology of Emancipatory Disability Research (EDR) reflected in the phrase ‘Nothing about us without us’, was first put forward in the 1990s. Although it aimed to place research control in the hands of the ‘researched’, i.e., people with disability, this rarely happens even today, 25 years later. The Community Action Research on Disability (CARD) programme in Uganda embraced and modified the EDR approach, recognising the need for including people with disability in the research process from concept to outcome, and nurturing participation and collaboration between all the stakeholders in achieving action-based research. The research teams always included people with disability and staff from Disabled People’s Organisations (DPOs) as well as academics and service providers. It endeavoured to generate and carry out research around issues that mattered to people with disability and their families. Leadership roles were assigned by team members. The objectives of the CARD programme were: (1) to fund teams to carry out action-based research on disability in Uganda; (2) to develop research and administrative capacity to manage the initiative within the academic registrar’s office at Kyambogo University; (3) to incorporate new knowledge generated from the studies into the ongoing local community-based rehabilitation and special education courses; and, (4) to ensure wide dissemination of research findings to all stakeholder groups. CARD ran for 5 years, commissioning 21 action research studies in the field of disability and community-based services. This paper describes the process, presents the 12 completed studies, examines the extent to which the objectives were achieved and evaluates the experiences of the participating research teams, particularly in relation to the inclusion of its members with disability. It concludes with recommendations for future initiatives designed to promote validity, good value and inclusive approaches in disability research.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124791259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Search for Successful Inclusion","authors":"P. Karlsudd","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I1.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I1.577","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study primarily aimed to find the factors which can facilitate or, alternatively, hinder inclusion efforts.Method: Results from a number of student theses, which dealt with common iss ...","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125281341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Role Play and Bibliotherapy in Attitude Change of Primary School Pupils towards Learners with Special Needs in Nigeria","authors":"N. Kingsley","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V27I4.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V27I4.483","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The research addressed two major problems, namely, the persistent negative attitude towards learners with special needs; and the effectiveness of role play and bibliotherapy in changing the attitude of primary school pupils towards their differently-abled fellow students. Method : Two null hypotheses guided the conduct of the study. Albert  Bandura’s Theory of Social Learning (1977) provided the theoretical framework for the study and the Solomon four-group design was followed in practice. The study population consisted of all the Primary Six school pupils in the 502 primary schools in Owerri educational zone. From a total of 76,481 Primary Six pupils, a sample of 80 students from two schools was selected for the study. One instrument - Attitude Towards the Disabled Rating Scale (ATDRS) - and two programmes - Nwachukwu’s Role Play Exercise Programme (NRPEP) and Nwachukwu’s Bibliotherapy Programme (NBP) - were used for the successful implementation of the study, which was validated by experts. The hypotheses were tested using t-test for correlated and independent samples. Results : The findings indicated that the pupils’ attitudes towards learners with special needs in Owerri educational zone improved significantly after they were exposed to the NRPEP and NBP respectively, indicating the effectiveness of the two programmes. Conclusion : Education policy makers, the Ministry of Education and State Universal Basic Education Boards should recommend the use of inclusion books and encourage the practice of role play in schools for the success of inclusive education in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"46 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131578663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic Profile of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): A Hospital-based Prospective study in Bangladesh","authors":"Atma Razzak, R. Roy, Shamim Khan","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V27I4.464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V27I4.464","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To provide an overview of demographic characteristics of spinal cord injury (SCI) in Bangladesh. Methods: The study was conducted between 1st January and 31st December 2012 at 5 hospitals:  Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP) in Savar, National Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Rangpur Medical College Hospital, and Chittagong Medical College Hospital. 600 SCI cases from these tertiary hospitals were enrolled, and data was collected from those who met the study criteria, using a structured questionnaire developed on the basis of SCI core data set. Data was processed and analysed by SPSS version 16. Results: The male/female ratio was 4.5:1. Mean age at injury was 34.53 years (16–83 years). The cause of SCI was falls for 34.8% and RTA for 25.5% of the clients. 83.5% of SCI was traumatic and 16.5% was non-traumatic in origin. Only 9.5% of the clients were directly admitted to tertiary hospitals while 90.5% had intermediate admission before that. One-third (33.2%) of the clients used ambulance for intra-hospital transfer. 70.5% of the injury resulted in paraplegia and 29.5% in tetraplegia. Thoraco-lumbar junction (T11-L2) was the region most commonly involved, accounting for 38.7% of all cases. Overall 58.7% SCI cases were found with complete injury (ASIA-A) and 41.3% with incomplete injury during admission. 20.8% of the clients were admitted with pressure ulcer. The study found 27.2% of cases were operated on. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.3%. Limitation: The pre-hospital fatalities were not included in the study. During data collection, extent of SCI was found in only 507 cases instead of all 600 enrolled. Conclusions: This study could contribute to the establishment of an effective prevention programme and comprehensive SCI management in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132808927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability Data Collection in Community-based Rehabilitation","authors":"S. Deepak, Franesca Ortali, G. Halls, Tulgamaa Damdinsuren, Enhbuyant Lhagvajav, S. Msowoya, Malek Qutteina, J. Kumar","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V27I4.476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V27I4.476","url":null,"abstract":"Today there are Community-based Rehabilitation (CBR) programmes in a large number of countries. In many countries, the CBR approach is a part of the national rehabilitation services. However, there is a lack of reliable data about persons with disabilities who benefit from CBR and the kind of benefits they receive. This article reviews the disability data collection systems and presents some case studies to understand the influence of operational factors on data collection in the CBR programmes. The review shows that most CBR programmes use a variable number of broad functional categories to collect information about persons with disabilities, combined occasionally with more specific diagnostic categories. This categorisation is influenced by local contexts and operational factors, including the limitations of human and material resources available for its implementation, making it difficult to have comparable CBR data. Therefore, any strategies to strengthen the data collection in CBR programmes must take these operational factors into account.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134430693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CBR Workers' Training Needs for People with Communication Disability","authors":"Choo Er Yeap, H. Ibrahim, S. Dort, K. Ahmad, Syahrulikram Yasin","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V27I4.590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V27I4.590","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: In order for speech-language pathologists to work better together with CBR workers, there is a necessity to understand what they perceive as their training needs for people with communication disability (PWCD). Method: In 2013, a cross-sectional written survey was conducted with 421 Malaysian workers, using convenient sampling and a mixed-method approach.  Results: In-depth information on training needs from descriptive analysis of quantitative data and content analysis of qualitative data were obtained and discussed.  Conclusion: This study, although not generalizable, builds up the literature on worker training needs in developing countries, and would be of benefit for speech-language pathologists and worker trainers.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129145883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Malaria Prevention between Children with and without a Disability in the Upper East Region of Ghana","authors":"Fleur Frieda Cornelia Muires, Evi Sarah Broekaart","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V27I4.566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V27I4.566","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : Malaria is a common cause of death among children with a disability in Ghana. This research aimed to find out whether there are differences in malaria prevention measures given by caretakers to children with and without a disability – under 15 years of age – within one family, in the Upper East Region of Ghana. Methods : Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 families who had both a child with and without a disability. Snowball sampling was used to locate the families living in both rural and urban areas. They were interviewed by using a non-validated topic list based on literature. Statements were processed through qualitative data analysis. A malaria professional working at the Bolgatanga Regional Hospital was interviewed for a nurse’s perspective on the subject. Results: Caretakers with some education knew more about malaria and malaria prevention measures than uneducated caretakers. None of the caretakers in rural areas had any education and they had limited knowledge about malaria. All the children in this study received some form of prevention from their caretakers, but it was not very effective. In the rural area there was a difference in the incidence of malaria among children with and without a disability. The malaria professional’s perspective was that children with a disability are more vulnerable despite receiving the same prevention and treatment as other children. Conclusions: Almost all the children within one family received the same malaria prevention measures from their caretakers, but it was not always as effective as required, especially in the rural area where the incidence of malaria was higher among some of the children with a disability. Limitations: Some of the study limitations are the use of translators, the discussion of sensitive subjects and the possibility that socially desirable answers were given.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131835947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Inclusion and Mental Health of Children with Physical Disabilities in Gaza, Palestine","authors":"Khaled A. G. Nasser, M. Maclachlan, J. McVeigh","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V27I4.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V27I4.560","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Social inclusion of children with physical disabilities is essential for their mental health. The long-standing conflict and political instability in Palestine since 1948 has resulted in an unprecedented number of children with disabilities. This study aimed to assess social inclusion and mental health of children with physical disabilities in Palestine. Method: A mixed methods research design was used. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire and a Social Inclusion Questionnaire were administered to 100 children with amputations, 12-18 years of age, in the Gaza Strip. Ten semi-structured interviews were also conducted with personnel working across civil society rehabilitation services in the area, particularly in services that focussed on the physical rehabilitation of children who had lost a limb. Results: Quantitative findings indicated that 88% of children’s disabilities were caused by war-related incidents. While the sample of children showed on average relatively low levels of psychological distress, males reported feeling more socially included and having better mental health than did females. Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between mental health and social inclusion, and a moderate positive correlation between psychological distress and social inclusion. The qualitative data identified different factors that hinder social inclusion, mainly: political instability; under-resourced disability organisations; lack of coordinated efforts; and negative societal attitudes towards disability. Conclusion: A new questionnaire for social inclusion was developed, which can now be used as a tool to assess social inclusion in similar contexts; as well as a culturally-adapted form of the General Health Questionnaire-12 to assess mental health. There is a clear need for service-providers to move beyond a medical model of care to one that embraces community-based rehabilitation and the realisation of rights, in order to promote the social inclusion and mental health of children with disabilities in Palestinian society.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131298581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advocacy Campaign for the Rights of People with Disabilities: A Participatory Action Research within a Community-based Rehabilitation Project in Vangani, Maharashtra","authors":"Atul Jaiswal, Shikha Gupta","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V27I4.529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V27I4.529","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : This paper aimed to demonstrate how participatory action research (PAR) within a Community-based Rehabilitation (CBR) project facilitated community participation to advocate for the rights of people with visual impairment. An advocacy campaign, led by the local people with and without disabilities, was launched for the construction of an accessible foot over- bridge (FOB) at Vangani railway station in Maharashtra, India. Methods : The PAR approach was used to explore the issues faced by the local people with visual impairment. It ensured maximum community consultation, engagement and, consequently, meaningful outcomes for the community. Advocacy tools such as video documentary, online petition, media advocacy, and signature campaign were employed to publicise the issue on a larger platform. Sources for this paper included quantitative data from the survey of Vangani community and documents such as CBR project reports, media coverage articles, minutes of the meeting and correspondence with the Central Railways during the advocacy campaign that was conducted from 2012 -  2015. Results : After 12 months of consistent advocacy, the Ministry of Railways sanctioned INR 15 million for the construction of the foot over-bridge. The construction work on the foot overbridge was completed in December 2016 and now it is open for public use.. Conclusion and Implications : This study illustrates how PAR within a CBR project successfully used an advocacy campaign as a tool for community participation, action and change. Although geographically limited to rural pockets of Maharashtra state, the learning experiences brought out some of the elements crucial for the success of an advocacy intervention within CBR programmes for the rights of people with disability in India.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121956987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}