Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development最新文献

{"title":"Access to Services and Barriers faced by People with Disabilities: A Quantitative Survey","authors":"N. Grills, Lawrence Singh, Hira Pant, Jubin Varghese, G. Murthy, M. Hoq, M. Marella","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I2.615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I2.615","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : In low- and middle-income countries, reliable and disaggregated disability data on prevalence, participation and barriers is often not available.  This study aimed to estimate disability prevalence, determine associated socio-demographic factors and compare access in the community between people with and without disability in Dehradun district of Uttarakhand, India, using the Rapid Assessment of Disability Survey. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted on a sample of 2431 adults, selected using a two-stage cluster randomised sampling technique.  The survey comprised an interviewer-administered household survey and an individual survey measuring disability, wellbeing and participation.  For each person with disability, an age and sex-matched control (without disability) was selected. In addition to prevalence, the difference in participation and barriers faced by people with and without disability were analysed. Results and Conclusions: The prevalence of disability was 6.8% (95% CI 5.8-7.8) with significant associations with age, sex, economic status, education and employment. Psychosocial distress (4.8%) and mobility impairment (2.7%) were the most common disabilities identified. The study showed that people with disabilities had significantly less access to services than those without disability, and the barriers reported most often were lack of information, transport and physical inaccessibility.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134370213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma, Learning and Inheritance: An Ecocultural Study of Adaptation and Resource use among Families of Children with Down Syndrome in Thailand","authors":"Donald S. Persons","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I2.597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I2.597","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : This study explored family adjustment and access to rehabilitative services for children with Down syndrome, between 0-5 years of age, in the ecoculture of Petchaburi Province, Thailand. Methods : The study used a family systems genogram in focus group sessions at Pra Chom Klao Hospital, and made home visits to the eight participants from five families in Petchaburi Province, Thailand.  Qualitative data collection included field notes, pictures and video recordings of the 7 focus group discussions.  The analysis used rigorous procedures for constant comparison, analysis of space, content, domains and critical discourse analysis. Results : Participating families had adjusted to emotional ruptures at home by moving out.  They were resilient in the face of health, culture, economic and educational stress. Cultural and religious resources, especially from the mother’s side of the family, contributed most during and after health crises in the first 2 years of childhood. Parents were concerned about seriously delayed development of communication skills when their children were in the 2 ½ - 5 years age group.  Parent conviction that the children would be lifelong dependants limited the possibilities for fostering independent living and occupations for these children. Conclusion and Implications:  This study contributes to family and community-based rehabilitation strategies, stigma reduction and promotion of early childhood intervention for children with Down syndrome in Thailand.  It found moderate public stigma, obstacles in educational transitions and resource use, and limited parental understanding of children’s inheritance and future quality of life. The recommendations made are: better development of family support groups and rehabilitation counselling services, language and communication strategies, abuse training for mothers, and discussion on inheritance rights which offer insight into sibling relations and employability.  Service provision can consider reducing hospital stigma, advocacy for inclusive public and work-based play areas, increased support and professional development for community-based counsellors and special education centre extension services.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132053317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent Empowerment in Early Intervention Programmes of Children with Hearing Loss in Mumbai, India","authors":"Kasturi Arun Kulkarni, V. Gathoo","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I2.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I2.550","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Since families are perceived to be active agents in the early intervention programmes of young children with disabilities, professionals ought to treat parents as equal partners and keep them informed and involved in various aspects of the intervention.  This study aimed to explore the areas in which parent empowerment is currently being facilitated in the early intervention centres for children with hearing loss. Method: A qualitative research with conversational analysis was the approach used. Focus group discussions with the two primary stakeholders, namely parents and special educators, were held separately at five sites in Mumbai, to gather their views on the existing areas of empowerment. It was also decided to explore the felt needs of parents in this regard. Person triangulation was used to ascertain the credibility of the data. Results: Conversational analysis yielded 4 themes with respect to parents: Parental knowledge, involvement, support and needs. Conclusion and Implications: The study highlighted the gaps in parent empowerment in the programmes undertaken by early intervention centres.  A recommendation is made to develop a common framework for empowering parents. It is envisaged that such a framework will bridge the gap between what currently exists for parents, their felt needs, and current global practices.  This framework could also assist in measuring family empowerment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124141014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Age and Gender on the Quality of Life of People with Chronic Back Pain in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"A. Hadžiomerović, M. Vilic, Nedzad Ajnadzic, Amila Jaganjac, H. Memišević","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I2.631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I2.631","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Quality of life (QOL) is an important area of research in many scientific disciplines, and the findings could help in designing strategies to improve QOL for various clinical conditions. Chronic low back pain is a frequent medical condition that has a detrimental effect on QOL. The goal of this study was to examine the QOL of people with chronic low back pain in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), and to assess the impact of demographic variables such as age and gender on the QOL. Methods: The study sample consisted of 50 people with low back pain, between 19-79 years of age (mean age 51.2, SD- 13.1 years). There were 35 females (70%) and 15 males (30%) in the sample. The instrument used for measuring the QOL was World Health Organisation Quality of Life scale BREF (WHOQOL BREF). Results: The study demonstrated that low back pain has a detrimental effect on QOL. There was a significant effect of age and gender on certain domains of QOL. Conclusions: Older age is a risk factor for lower QOL of people with chronic low back pain. Females are more likely to have lower scores on the psychological domain of QOL,and therefore need effective psychological interventions aimed at improving their QOL.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"472 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129133383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive and Negative Impacts on Caregivers of Children with Intellectual Disability in India","authors":"Adithyan G.S, M. Sivakami, J. Jacob","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I2.595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I2.595","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The factor integral to the empowerment of children with intellectual disability is the presence and active involvement of support mechanisms such as their family and their caregivers. This study assesses both positive and negative impacts on parents/caregivers of children with intellectual disability in Oddanchatram block of Dindigul District in Tamil Nadu, India. Method: Mixed method techniques (quantitative and qualitative) were used. Results: Although many disturbing realities in the family situation were revealed, there were also positive impacts which were a hopeful sign. Conclusion: Empowering the caregivers of children with intellectual disability is the first step towards inclusion of these special children in society. Various strategies to achieve this goal are discussed in the study.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"13 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128537485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication Disability in Fiji: Community Cultural Beliefs and Attitudes","authors":"Suzanne C. Hopf, S. Mcleod, S. McDonagh, Epenisa N. Rakanace","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V1I1.600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V1I1.600","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Beliefs about communication disability vary according to the cultural context, and influence people’s attitudes and help-seeking behaviour. Little is known about Fijians with communication disability or the communities in which they live, and specialist services for people with communication disability are yet to be established in Fiji. An understanding of Fijian beliefs about the causes of communication disability and attitudes towards people with communication disability may inform future service development. Method: An interpretivist qualitative research paradigm and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework informed this project’s design. Scenarios of adults and children with communication disability were presented to 144 participants, randomly sampled across multiple public spaces in two Fiji cities. Thematic analysis of responses to 15 survey questions revealed participant beliefs about the causes and attitudes towards people with communication disability. Results: Three clusters describing perceived causes emerged from the analysis - internal, external, and supernatural. Major clusters across child and adult scenarios were similar; however, response categories within the scenarios differed. Community attitudes to people with communication disability were predominantly negative. These community attitudes influenced individual participants’ beliefs about educational and employment opportunities for Fijians with communication disability. Conclusion: Determination and acknowledgement of individuals’ belief systems informs development of culturally appropriate intervention programmes and health promotion activities. Implications: Speech-language pathologists and other professionals working with Fijian communities should acknowledge community belief systems and develop culturally-specific health promotion activities, assessments, and interventions.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125173621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiotherapy Students’ Awareness of Community Health in India","authors":"P. Rajan","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I1.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I1.517","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study aimed to provide inputs that would help to promote Community Physiotherapy as a field of future study and work. While the focus was on undergraduate physiotherapy students’ perceptions, attitudes and beliefs regarding this field of specialisation, the study also attempted to find whether there were variations in attitude depending on which year of the programme the students belonged to. Method: In December 2015, 118 students of a private physiotherapy college in Gujarat, India, took part in a self-administered questionnaire-based survey. Of these, 56 students were in the third year of their course, while the rest were in the final year. Written informed consent was taken from each respondent. Results: While it was a positive finding to note that this cohort viewed physiotherapy as a service profession, majority of the students wished to pursue higher education outside India due to their perceptions about lack of adequate training facilities, salaries and scope for the profession within the country. For the majority, musculoskeletal sciences was the preferred area of specialisation, followed by Community Health. However, there was awareness about the importance of Community Physiotherapy. Conclusion: Among undergraduate physiotherapy students in the study sample, musculoskeletal sciences is the preferred specialisation, followed by Community Physiotherapy. The year of the programme in which they were studying did not significantly affect their attitudes towards Community Physiotherapy. Limitations: The sample size was too small to compare the differing attitudes of participants from different batches of the course. First and second-year students could not be included since the specialisation of Community Physiotherapy is introduced only in the third year.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127059874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Accessible Built Environments in Universities in Ghana: An Approach to Inclusiveness Assessment","authors":"Eric Paul Tudzi, J. Bugri, A. K. Danso","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I1.592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I1.592","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose : The study aimed to objectively assess the level of inclusiveness of buildings in selected Universities on the basis of international protocols and local legislation that require that buildings should be made accessible to persons with disabilities. Method : A building inclusiveness model, the Composite Disability Design Inclusiveness Score (CDDIS), was used to assess the levels of inclusiveness of 110 buildings in 6 purposively selected Universities in Ghana, using maximal variation sampling. Results : It was found that the buildings of the sampled Universities were not inclusive to a large extent. With one exception, there were variations in the levels of inclusiveness of the buildings in each institution. Conclusions : Irrespective of international protocols and local legislation, the built environments in Universities are not as accessible as they ought to be. Limitation : The CDDIS is a simple quantitative means of assessing the inclusiveness of buildings and allows for objective comparisons. However, it is expected that for purposes of comparison, identical buildings should be used. Any intended use of the CDDIS will require the use of a checklist that is appropriately designed to meet the peculiarities of the particular study. Implications: There is the need for expedited effort to ensure inclusiveness in University built environments. This will help greatly towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130756584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Severe Burns on Levels of Activity","authors":"Hooman Ghrobani, M. Momeni, A. Zavareh, Mahshid Aghajanzadeh, M. Roham, H. Karimi, H. Rahbar","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I1.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I1.585","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: With the recent advances in medicine, the survival rate of clients with severe burns has improved. This has resulted in greater demand for rehabilitation services. One of the major goals for rehabilitation programmes is to restore these clients to their pre-trauma activity levels. However, there is not much research on the subject. Methods: Based on their availability, 30 clients with severe burns were selected, who had been discharged from the hospital for periods ranging from 1 month to 1 year.  Interviews were conducted and the participants’ perceptions were recorded regarding changes in their self-care, household chores, professional work, hobbies and recreational activities. Based on the results, 2 independent assessors categorised the activity levels as none, minor, intermediate and severe, in terms of negative effect. Results: In the self-care category, 8 participants reported no negative effect, 12 reported minor, 4 reported intermediate and 6 reported severe effects. In the household chores category, only 2 clients reported no effect and 13 indicated severe effects on their activities. Of the 21 participants who were working, only 2 reported no change in pre-trauma activities while 11 reported severe changes in their working activity levels. While 5 participants indicated no change in their recreational and leisure activity levels, 6 reported severe changes. Conclusion: Severe burns reduce clients’ levels of activity in some of the categories. However, they often regain their ability to perform activities at a lower level, depending on the site of burn, burning agent, and having received early rehabilitation pre- and post-discharge. Psycho-social factors, pre- and post- trauma, are also important.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"527 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134534656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Community-Based Rehabilitation in a Post-Conflict Environment of Sri Lanka","authors":"Masateru Higashida, J. Soosai, J. Robert","doi":"10.5463/DCID.V28I1.607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5463/DCID.V28I1.607","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Conflict and disability are closely associated; it is therefore significant to examine strategies at the grassroots-level for restoring the human rights of people with disabilities living in post-conflict societies. The aim of this study is to reveal the impact of and issues with community-based rehabilitation (CBR) in the Northern Province of Sri Lanka that was ravaged by civil war from 1983 to 2009. Methods: The research was implemented in October 2016, in collaboration with a local NGO in the Mullaitivu district. A mixed-methods approach was followed, which included quantitative analysis of the NGO’s registration database of people with disabilities in the area (n=964), group interviews with 9 community rehabilitation committees (CRCs) of people with disabilities and their family members (n=118), and semi-structured interviews with clients of the CBR programme (n=5). Thematic analysis was applied to the narrative data. Results: The quantitative analysis on clients of the NGO revealed that 60.9% of disabilities were related to war. Livelihood assistance was the most common type of self-reported need (44.6%). The qualitative analysis revealed that in communities with inadequate local resources, CRCs that had access to livelihood assistance made a positive impact on the socioeconomic conditions of people with disabilities and their family members. Potential issues were observed, such as the expectation of and dependence on the financial aid without self-help. Some people with disabilities would not attend CRCs if there were no financial benefits. As most of the participants had war-related disabilities, it is also possible that participation of people with intellectual and psychiatric disabilities unrelated to war may not have been promoted in some CRCs. Conclusions: The CBR programme has had positive impacts on the living conditions of participants, albeit with some potential issues such as financial expectations and aid dependency. The authors argue that empowerment of people with disabilities and addressing socioeconomic inequality should be considered simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":179630,"journal":{"name":"Disability, CBR and Inclusive Development","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123431974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}