Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Variability in rainfall and meteorological drought over the Banas River Basin under climate change scenarios","authors":"Divya Saini,&nbsp;Ajay Kumar,&nbsp;Omvir Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the historical and future variability in rainfall and meteorological drought over the semi-arid Banas River Basin in Rajasthan, India. For this, both historical (1981–2020) and projected (2021–2100) gridded rainfall data have been collected from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), Pune, and the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5, respectively. The collected data have been analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, minimum, maximum, skewness, kurtosis, coefficient of variability, and standard deviation) and trend tests (Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope). The severity of drought has been evaluated using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at multiple time spans (1-, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month). The findings reveal a reduction in the quantity of annual rainfall in the near (2021–2060) and far (2061–2100) future as compared to the historical time period, particularly under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. In the future, the duration, severity, intensity, and frequency of drought will intensify despite the increasing (non-significant) trends in annual rainfall. The maximum frequency has been estimated for mild droughts, followed by moderate and severe droughts. The longest duration of drought (12 years) will occur at the SPI 9- and 12-month scale in the near future (RCP8.5). These findings will be valuable for researchers, water resource managers, agricultural stakeholders, and policymakers in developing effective strategies related to systematic management of water resources and drought over the Banas River Basin, India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secured cloud-based image data processing of self-driving vehicles using full homomorphic encryption","authors":"Kamran Saeed,&nbsp;M.Fatih Adak","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-driving vehicles leverage internet of things (IoT) technology to utilize multiple sensors to continuously monitor their environment and make decisions without human intervention. Data collected from these sensors require secure transmission and encrypted storage in cloud servers, where retrieving the data without decryption is necessary to ensure privacy. A novel method using full homomorphic encryption (FHE) image-based data is proposed, incorporating three different methods to search for the desired encrypted images stored in the cloud. This method involves converting images and objects detected by YOLOv9c into pixel data, then applying the Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren (BFV) scheme to encrypt the data and store it on the cloud. Administrators can search through the encrypted images using the combination of techniques, including percentile similarity-based image detection, unknown object-based image detection, and known object-based image detection from encrypted images. FHE is used to provide various secure search approaches, contrasting with conventional index-based encrypted searching. The proposed solution provides a mechanism in the scenario of self-driving vehicles where object/image detection stored in the cloud can be done without decrypting it, hence enhancing privacy and security of data on the cloud generated by self-driving vehicles and IoT devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of omega-3 fatty acid nanoencapsulation with a sodium alginate-acacia gum complex: In vitro digestibility and biocompatible therapeutic potential","authors":"Naorem Rojita Devi,&nbsp;Sital Khandelwal,&nbsp;Srinivasan Pappu","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Omega-3 fatty acids (ω3FAs) possess various health benefits but face challenges due to limited solubility and susceptibility to oxidation. In this study, a sodium alginate-acacia gum (SA-AG) complex was developed to address these issues. The stability of the complex was confirmed through zeta potential and thermogravimetric analysis. ω3FAs were encapsulated within the SA-AG complex, and their physical, morphological, and chemical characteristics were evaluated. Simulated <em>in vitro</em> digestion was used to assess the bio-accessibility of the encapsulated ω3FAs (Enω3FAs), and antioxidant, antibacterial, and toxicity tests were conducted. The SA-AG complex exhibited a zeta potential of −40.3 ± 9.48 mV and remained stable up to 240 °C. The oxidative stability of the complex was maintained for up to 90 days post-formulation. The average particle size was 961.9 nm, with spherical structures observed. Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) showed the presence of ω3FAs at specific peaks (0.05, 0.5, and 1–1.2 KeV), while Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis confirmed the functional groups of ω3FAs at specific bands (3301 cm⁻¹ and 1630 cm⁻¹). Enω3FAs exhibited rapid release of ω3FAs under gastrointestinal conditions, starting at 45 min with 40 % lipolysis. The highest antioxidant activities of ω3FAs were observed at a concentration of 2 mg/ml through DPPH (35 ± 3.8 %), ferric reducing antioxidant power (48.85 ± 0.002 %) at 5.12 mg/mL, 20.71 ± 0.95 nmol of nitric oxide at 5.12 mg/mL, and 0.204 ± 0.001 absorbance for lipid peroxidation at 5.12 mg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Enω3FAs was 64 mg/ml against <em>E. coli</em>, <em>S. pneumoniae</em>, and <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, and 16 mg/mL against <em>S. aureus</em>. Enω3FAs also demonstrated the ability to reduce biofilm formation by approximately 50 % and induce a 30 % reduction in existing biofilms at a concentration of 4 mg/ml. Additionally, Enω3FAs were found to be biocompatible, with 0 % mortality observed after 24 h of treatment on <em>Artemia franciscana</em> nauplii. In conclusion, Enω3FAs show therapeutic potential within a stable formulation using the SA-AG complex, providing a promising approach for drug and food delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated geospatial workflow for spatiotemporal assessment of urban expansion influence on deforestation in Northeast Florida","authors":"Md Zakaria Salim ,&nbsp;Md Hashibur Rahman ,&nbsp;Abdulla Al Kafy ,&nbsp;Hamad Ahmed Altuwaijri ,&nbsp;Md Abdul Fattah ,&nbsp;Namit Choudhari","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid urbanization has transformed natural landscapes into impervious surfaces, causing widespread land use land cover (LULC) changes in the United States over recent centuries. This study explores the spatiotemporal changes in urban areas and vegetation coverage in the Northeast district of Florida. Vegetation was the most affected land cover class, declining from 51.39 % in 2000 to 45.82 % in 2022, representing a 5.57 % loss over 22 years. Conversely, urban areas increased by 12.14 %, from 9.90 % in 2000 to 22.04 % in 2022. The most significant land cover transition occurred within the vegetation class, with 10,839 km² remaining unchanged. However, 2479 km² of vegetation was converted to urban areas during the study period. At the county level, Duval County experienced the highest urban growth rate at 32.50 %, while Madison County had the highest deforestation rate at 24.74 %. Nassau County had the lowest urban growth and deforestation rates at −3.47 and −4.96, respectively. A moderate positive correlation (<em>r</em> = 0.30) was found between urban growth and deforestation rates, suggesting that other factors besides urban expansion contribute to vegetation loss. These findings highlight the need for policymakers to balance urban development with environmental conservation to mitigate the potential impacts of LULC, such as increased land surface temperature and droughts. The study provides novel insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of urbanization and deforestation in Northeast Florida, emphasizing the importance of sustainable land use planning and management strategies. The developed automated workflow using geospatial techniques in this study demonstrates the potential for efficient monitoring and assessment of LULC patterns, thereby informing decisions for sustainable urban ecosystems</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An examination of air quality in Kuwait: Implications for environmental sustainability and public health","authors":"Naeimah Alkharafi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kuwait is one of five nations located in the Gulf region characterized by arid-desert climate—extreme hot temperature and dust storms. Frequent dust events elevate fine (PM_2.5) and coarse (PM₁₀) particulate matter levels, posing various health risks. Using longitudinal data from 2021 to 2024, this study identifies and quantifies the impact of dust storms, blowing dust, and dust haze on fine and coarse particulate matter levels. Data is analyzed through a pooled OLS two-way fixed effects model to control for unobserved heterogeneity from long-term and seasonal effects. Meteorological variables and air pollutants are incorporated to account for their impacts. Results indicate that dust storms, while rare, have the strongest impact on elevating fine and coarse particulate matter levels. The relative impacts of blowing dust and dust haze differ, with dust haze playing a larger role in PM_2.5 pollution and blowing dust contributing more to PM₁₀ levels. These findings have important policy implications for air policy management and public health, emphasizing the need for dust control measures, climate adaptation strategies, and improved air pollution monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with high PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ levels in Kuwait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Purification and characterization of extracellular pectinase produced by a newly isolated strain, Aspergillus cervinus ARS2 and its potential application in Citrus sinensis juice clarification","authors":"Anil R. Shet,&nbsp;Sharanappa Achappa,&nbsp;Shivalingsarj V. Desai","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the purification and characterization of pectinase synthesized by a newly isolated strain, <em>Aspergillus cervinus</em> ARS2, using solid-state fermentation. The crude pectinase, exhibiting a total activity of 5408 IU and a protein content of 214 mg, underwent a systematic purification process that resulted in a purification fold of 1.33 for membrane filtration (50 kDa cut-off), 2.52 for ammonium salt precipitation, 5.77 for dialysis, and an impressive 24.17 for gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-75 column), culminating in a purified pectinase with a molecular weight of 37 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Characterization of the purified pectinase revealed an optimal incubation time of 40 min, an incubation pH of 4, and stability in acidic conditions (pH 4) over a 5-h storage period. The enzyme exhibited an optimal incubation temperature of 35 °C and maintained stability under the same conditions for 5 h. Kinetic analysis indicated a Michaelis- Menten constant (<em>K</em>_<em>m</em>) of 0.78 mg/mL and a maximum velocity (<em>V</em>_max) of 111.12 IU/mL. The purified enzyme was immobilized using a polyvinyl alcohol-alginate encapsulation method and subsequently utilized in the clarification of <em>Citrus sinensis (orange)</em> juice. Optimization of the juice clarification process, employing full factorial design (FFD) and response surface methodology (RSM), identified optimal conditions of 39.09 °C incubation temperature, 62.12 min incubation time, and an enzyme load of 3.33 mL. These parameters achieved juice clarity of 45.24 ± 1.68 %. These results underscore the potential of the pectinase produced by <em>A. cervinus</em> ARS2 to address the growing demands of the fruit juice industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100446"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on recent insights on cardiovascular diseases drug design using natural products and in silico studies","authors":"Sylvester Nnaemeka Ugariogu ,&nbsp;Naser F. Al-Tannak ,&nbsp;Samya Sh Alenezi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, are strongly associated with unhealthy eating habits. Compounds originating from plants, natural products, and balanced diets have been identified as potential remedies for CVDs. Natural products that improve cardiovascular health may include fruits, vegetables, spices, herbs, propolis, honey, and red wine. This review focused on articles published from 2015 onwards from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Pubmed, highlighting key studies on natural products and <em>in silico</em> research for managing CVDs, including their biosynthesis, mode of action, and origins. Overall, this assessment indicated that <em>in silico</em> research and natural products have been useful in providing insightful cures for some CVDs, but they still have a lot of unrealized potential. Some of the target proteins and protein databank identification numbers that may be utilized in <em>in silico</em> research for cardiovascular disorders were displayed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the antibacterial potentials and phytochemical properties of Tectona grandis leaf extracts on some bacterial isolates","authors":"Florence Tolulope Onifade,&nbsp;Ololade Omolara Bamigbade,&nbsp;Toyosi Teniola Sotala,&nbsp;Olufunke Anthonia Oluduro","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the crude extracts and partially purified fractions from <em>Tectona grandis</em> (teak) leaves on various clinical and environmental bacterial isolates, as well as to determine the plant's phytochemical components. The crude extract of <em>Tectona grandis</em> leaf powder (TgCE) was obtained by maceration in methanol, concentration, and then partitioning into n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, and aqueous methanol fractions (in increasing order of polarity). The extract and fractions were assayed on the bacterial isolates under study together with standard antibiotics as reference. Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method, and the rate of kill of the active n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions was assessed on the Gram-positive and negative bacteria that were most susceptible to these fractions. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the crude methanol extract, and the toxicity assay was performed usingthe brine shrimp test. Results showed that TgCE maintained high activity at 35 mg/ml concentration (P &lt; 0.001), against most test bacteria that exhibited multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) greater than 0.2 and up to 0.75 when exposed to standard antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the crude extract ranged from 0.55 to 4.38 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range was 1.09 to 8.75 mg/ml. The most active fractions were the n-hexane and ethyl acetate, with MBC/MIC ratio ranges of 1.98 to 2.01 which is indicative of bactericidal activity, and also, the bacterial kill accumulated with increase in concentration of these fractions and time. Phytochemicals present in <em>T. grandis</em> include flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, sterols, saponins, phenols, and anthroquinones, and from the toxicity analysis, its LC50 (lethal concentration 50) was estimated at 71.02 mg/ml. In conclusion, the crude extract and fractions of <em>Tectona grandis</em> leaf possess potent antibacterial properties that can be explored as important resource for the synthesis of de novo antibiotics with future relevance in the therapeutic management of infectious diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling off-stream reservoir using rainfall-runoff transformation and satellite rainfall data in Liliba and Manikin watersheds of Indonesia","authors":"Yulius Patrisius Kau Suni ,&nbsp;Joko Sujono ,&nbsp;Istiarto","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainwater harvesting (RWH) techniques have become a crucial aspect of human life, enabling the provision of water for household and agricultural needs. <em>Embung</em>, a popular RWH technique in Indonesia's semi-arid regions, has a limited capacity and poses a risk of sedimentation, rendering it unreliable for drought mitigation. An alternative is an off-stream reservoir. It has benefits, including possible placement in locations with less social problems. Reservoirs off-stream have less sedimentation. This study employed Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) for the period of 2014–2021 in rainfall-runoff simulations along with the Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) method of Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) to assess the reliability of off-stream reservoirs in conserving water in Liliba and Manikin watersheds, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara province of Indonesia. The statistical requirements for calibration and validation include the coefficient of determination (R² &gt; 0.40), Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE &gt;0.40), root mean square error (RMSE)-standard deviation ratio of research data, or RSR (&lt;0.70), and percent bias (PBIAS &lt;30). During calibration, only the percent bias parameter was qualified as excellent (4.01 %), while the other statistical requirements were not met. However, in the validation process, all statistical requirements met satisfactory rating. The results demonstrate that rainfall-runoff simulation could be performed using the GSMaP data in conjunction with the SMA loss method; however, adjustments to HEC-HMS parameters are necessary based on analysis duration and local conditions. The study's modelling indicates that, for five months and three weeks during the dry season in the wet year (2021) and for four months and three weeks during the dry year (2016), water from the off-stream reservoir can supply 5063 residents' household needs in addition to 10 ha of horticultural cultivation. Therefore, the study recommends the utilization of GSMaP satellite data in the inflow simulation of off-stream reservoirs employing the SMA method, particularly in locations lacking adequate rainfall data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol effect of ginger glycoprotein and essential oil against Vicia faba damping-off caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani","authors":"Hossam S. El-Beltagi ,&nbsp;Ali Osman ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Sitohy ,&nbsp;Hayfa Habes Almutairi ,&nbsp;Eman Eldesouky ,&nbsp;Entsar Abbas ,&nbsp;Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail ,&nbsp;Hazem S. Elshafie ,&nbsp;Ippolito Camele","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Fusarium solani</em> and <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> are destructive soil-borne pathogens worldwide, significantly impacting crop yields and quality. Synthetic fungicides are usually used for their control despite their adverse environmental and human health impacts. Therefore, there is a growing interest in discovering natural alternatives to synthetic pesticides. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of ginger glycoprotein and essential oil (EO) as antifungal agents against <em>R. solani</em> and <em>F. solani</em>, correlated with diseases that cause root decay and wilt in <em>Vicia faba</em> L. An <em>in vitro</em> trial assessed the antifungal efficacy of ginger EO and glycoprotein singularly (at 10 and 25 μg/mL) compared to Rizolex-T 50 WP (at 25, 50, and 75 μg/mL) against <em>F. solani</em> and <em>R. solani</em> mycelium growth. Whereas, the <em>in vivo</em> trial evaluated the efficacy of ginger EO and glycoprotein at 50 and 100 μg/mL, compared to Rizolex-T 50 WP at 50 μg/mL, in reducing pre- and post-emergence damping-off percentages. Sodium dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and particle size distribution were carried out to characterize seed glycoprotein. SDS-PAGE of the glycoprotein indicated two bands corresponding to 35 and 29 KDa. An HPLC examination of the glycoprotein carbohydrate component identified glucose, mannose, and fructose. GC-MS analysis of the components of EO identified 28 majors’ substances. <em>R. solani</em> and <em>F. solani</em> mycelial proliferation was dose-dependently inhibited by both EO and glycoprotein. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), used for investigating eventually morphological changes in tested fungi after treatment. In the <em>in vivo</em> test, it was seen that both EO and glycoprotein at 50 and 100 μg/mL made the symptoms caused by the tested fungi a lot less severe compared to the control. The results showed that ginger glycoprotein and essential oil might be able to be used instead of synthetic fungicides to treat <em>V. faba</em> damping off.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}