Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the control of fungal diseases in Ficus carica L. using Zn–Se nanocomposites","authors":"Sana Naveed ,&nbsp;Naveed Iqbal Raja ,&nbsp;Sajid Hussain ,&nbsp;Amna Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Noorah AlKubaisi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ficus carica</em> is sensitive to a variety of fungal infections, which have an influence on fig yield and quality. Fig rust, caused by the fungus <em>Cerotelium fici</em>, is one of the most frequent fungal diseases affecting fig plants. Fig rust attacks the leaves and accounts for 100 % of crop infections. Furthermore, there are no long-term strategies for managing fig rust. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a novel option in agriculture, proving to be more effective against fungal infections. The primary goal of the study was to assess the efficiency of ZnSe nanocomposite in suppressing fungal illness that attacked <em>F. carica</em>. In this work, ZnSe nanocomposites were made using Melia azedarach leaf extract. UV examination validated the production of ZnSe nanocomposite, revealing a peak at 394 nm and a predicted band gap energy of 3.15 eV. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated a cubic crystal structure with crystallites measuring 28.82 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) pattern revealed that zinc, selenium, oxygen, and carbon are the primary components of the ZnSe nanocomposite. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) exhibited irregular forms with a homogeneous distribution of ZnSe nanocomposite particles ranging in size from 20 to 30 nm. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) findings revealed strong peaks, indicating the presence of many functional groups. The investigation discovered that the fungal illness was fig rust, which is caused by the fungal pathogen <em>Cerotelium fici</em>. The unique use of ZnSe nanocomposite efficiently prevented fig rust while simultaneously boosting development, with a maximum effective concentration of 150 ppm. This dose suppressed the growth of fig rust by 97.93 % in the pre-infection group, while in the post-infection group, 150 ppm decreased the severity by 95.36 %. The study's findings indicate the effectiveness of ZnSe nanocomposite as a long-term and alternative solution to fig rust management and crop quality improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100465"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144517417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoencapsulation of ofloxacin using sesame seed oil-based colloidal system: antimicrobial, toxicity, and drug delivery studies","authors":"Abayomi Bamisaye ,&nbsp;Catherine O. Eromosele ,&nbsp;Enock O. Dare ,&nbsp;Mopelola A. Idowu ,&nbsp;Oluseyi A. Akinloye ,&nbsp;Yakubu A. Alli ,&nbsp;Abel Kolawole Oyebamiji","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrophobicity and gastroenzymatic degradation of drugs requires an innovative approach, which includes the adoption of a nanosized colloidal system for drug delivery. The emulsions were produced by the mechano-chemical method and characterized using FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, Zetasizer, 1HNMR, and Cryo-TEM. Molecular studies and antimicrobial activity of sesame oil-based nanoemulsion (SOBN), ofloxacin-loaded sesame oil-based nanoemulsion (SOBN + OF), and ofloxacin (OF) were carried out on <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, <em>S. aureus</em> (ATCC 29213), and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> (ATCC 15442). Drug delivery studies of SOBN + OF were done using adult male Wistar rats. The zeta potential measurement shows a negatively charged emulsion (−16.1mV), with low polydispersity index values, which suggests high stability. The Cryo-TEM micrographs show a rough spherical colloid with an average diameter of 610.4 ± 0.54 nm and an effective electric field strength value of 147.4 V. The UV–Vis analysis recorded a maximum drug entrapment efficiency of 21.250 μg/mL. The FTIR shows a superimposition of SOBN and SOBN + OF spectra with a wavenumber value of 3427.76 cm⁻¹, which is in agreement with the 1HNMR results, suggesting an encapsulation. The molecular studies show that the highest docking values of −6.67291594 and −7.09475231 were recorded on peptidoglycan deacetylase (gram-positive) and beta-lactamase class A (gram-negative) bacterium protein, respectively. The antimicrobial study shows that SOBN + OF is more potent than OF across a concentration range of 500 to 31.25 mg/mL. The toxicity of the investigated dosage (17.5 mL/kg bw) of SOBN + OF has a pathomorphological effect on Wistar rats. The SOBN + OF-treated rat skin had an absorption value of 0.0980 μg/mL, indicating a significant penetration rate. A recorded C_max value of 2.31 μg/mL was noted at 150 min in the transdermo-pharmaceutical study. The outcome of this study shows that sesame oil-based nanoemulsion is a probable vehicle, with the potential to encapsulate, transport, and release ofloxacin, thereby enhancing its biopotency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and biochemical responses of Carthamus tinctorius L. under salt stress","authors":"Somayeh Vaghari ,&nbsp;Arash Fazeli ,&nbsp;Reza Haghi ,&nbsp;Fariba Shohani","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity stress is one of the important abiotic factors that affect the physiological and metabolic activities of plants. The present research was conducted in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design in the research greenhouse of Ilam University during the agricultural year 1403–1402. In this study, salinity stress at two levels (control and 120 mM) was applied to four genotypes (<em>Cart</em>193, <em>Cart</em>158, <em>Cart</em>83, and <em>Cart</em>223) to evaluate growth indices, photosynthesis rate, relative water content (RWC), soluble carbohydrate content (TSC), proline (Pro), and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in <em>Carthamus tinctorius</em> L. The mean comparison results showed that under 120 mM salinity stress, the aerial parts had a reduction of 6.2 % in plant height and 23.07 % in the number of seeds per head, respectively, in the genotypes Cart83 and Cart158 compared to the control. Additionally, the number of seeds per head, 25 % seed weight, 24.39 % total seed yield, 18.86 % biological yield, 19.89 % harvest index, 0.78 % head diameter, 1.82 % photosynthesis rate 60 %, and RWC 31.74 % showed the highest reduction in the genotype <em>Cart</em>223 compared to the control. Furthermore, the content of 25.71 % Pro, 29.45 % TSC, 42.38 % anthocyanins, and 31.22 % phenols showed the highest increase in the genotype Cart193 compared to the control. However, among the enzymatic antioxidants, only guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) showed the highest increase of 55.05 % in the genotype <em>Cart</em>223 compared to the control. The results of this study indicate that compatible osmolytes and non-enzymatic antioxidants act as effective markers for understanding the defense mechanisms of Carthamus tinctorius under salinity stress conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-biochemical evaluation and biodiversity assessment of multi-origin apricot cultivars in Algeria","authors":"Kaouther Boutiti ,&nbsp;Awais Ali ,&nbsp;Ines Bellil ,&nbsp;Douadi Khelifi","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruit quality is a major concern for distributors, producers, and consumers alike, and it is mostly determined by facets related to nutrients and taste. The development of cultivated Prunus species, such as apricot trees, is influenced by multiple factors in which the disruptions can lead not only to reduced production but also to a loss of genetic diversity. This study was aimed at investigating the genetic diversity and analysing the traits related to apricot's fruit quality through morphological characterization, including both qualitative and quantitative traits, biochemical analysis, including pH, total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA), and protein analysis by using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) gel. The results revealed significant variability among the apricot cultivars for morpho-biochemical as well as protein analysis. Morphological analysis revealed that cultivars such as Boufarik, Khad Romia, Lokmi, Pavi, and Bish yielded medium-sized fruits, while in terms of red hue in the overcolour, cultivars namely Tounsi, Polonais, Rosi, and Louzi were the prominent ones. In terms of medium firmness, Tounsi, Boufarik, and Khad Romia were remarkable, while a predominant skin colour of light orange was observed in Boulachourand and Louzi cultivars. On the other hand, biochemical analysis showed that the cultivars with TSS exceeding exhibited better fruit quality, while the cultivars such as Pavi and Polonais yielded lower TSS than 12°Brix. Similarly, the Lokmi cultivar recorded TA below 0.90 %, and Tounsi, Bedai, Khad Romia, Monte, Bensermoukh, Boulachour, Rosi, Lokmi Louzi, and wild apricot had pH above 3, marking them as the cultivars with high taste quality. SDS-PAGE analysis highlighted the diversity among cultivars by displaying distinct protein bands, which can be useful as a biochemical marker. Variations were observed at 337 kDa, between 130 kDa and 72 kDa, and at 59 kDa and 47 kDa. The results obtained qualify these varieties for large-scale commercial use due to their gustatory qualities and identify them as promising candidates in breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface functionalized on polystyrene-gold urchin for determining brain injury biomarker","authors":"Ming Qiao,&nbsp;Yan Peng,&nbsp;Ting Yan,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;JingFang Yue,&nbsp;Qing Zhu,&nbsp;XueGang Peng,&nbsp;Shuangxia Xiong,&nbsp;Gang Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers are focusing on developing materials-aided biosensing strategies and utilizing blood-based biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) diagnosis. This study aims to develop a highly sensitive method for detecting the TBI biomarker S100β using a gold urchin-mediated ELISA. In this approach, anti-S100β polyclonal antibodies were attached to a polystyrene substrate via gold urchins. S100β was sandwiched between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, achieving a limit of detection of 1 pg/mL with an R² value of 0.9419 [y = 0.095x - 0.0206] on the linear curve within the range of 0.001–1000 ng/mL. This method displayed better performance compared to conventional ELISA without gold urchins, which had [y = 0.0857x - 0.0763, R² = 0.9736]. Furthermore, control experiments with γ-aminobutyric acid and glial fibrillary acidic proteins did not increase optical density, confirming the specific detection of S100β. This S100β biosensor has brought a novelty with a unique nanomaterial to enhance the polystyrene surface area and effectively detects low levels of S100β, aiding the diagnosis of brain injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green tea yogurt supplemented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E1 microcapsules affects the hematopoietic cells in BALB/c obese mice","authors":"Nur Alfi Maghfirotus Sa'adah ,&nbsp;Esha Ardiansyah ,&nbsp;Dawama Nur Fadlilah ,&nbsp;Rahmi Izati ,&nbsp;Belinda Nabiila Al Faizah ,&nbsp;Septhyanti Aprilia Kavitarna ,&nbsp;Mochammad Fitri Atho'illah ,&nbsp;Siti Nur Arifah ,&nbsp;Hideo Tsuboi ,&nbsp;Yoga Dwi Jatmiko ,&nbsp;Muhaimin Rifa'i","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome due to low-grade chronic inflammation. The inflammation caused an imbalance of blood cell production in the hematopoietic system. The study aimed to investigate the effects of green tea yogurt supplemented with probiotic microcapsules (GTYP) on the immune profile of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow. The microencapsulation procedure was performed using double-coated alginate-chitosan. Mice were treated with a normal diet (ND) and high-fat fructose diet (HFFD) for 12 weeks, then divided into seven groups, namely, ND: normal diet; HFFD: high-fat fructose diet; HFFD + simv: HFFD + simvastatin 1.3 mg/kg BW; HFFD + PY: HFFD + plain yogurt 5 g/kg BW; HFFD + GTYP1: HFFD + GTYP 2.5 g/kg BW; HFFD + GTYP2: HFFD + GTYP 5 g/kg BW; and HFFD + GTYP3: HFFD + GTYP 10 g/kg BW. The hematopoietic cells were isolated through a flushing-out procedure, and cells were stained with specific antibodies. The expression of hematopoietic cells such as tissue erythroid reagent (TER)119⁺, clusters of differentiation (CD)34⁺, TER119⁺CD55⁺, TER119⁺, Very Late Antigen (VLA)-4⁺, and Gr-1⁺ were measured using flow cytometry and statistically analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test. The results show that the HFFD group reduces the expression of TER119⁺CD34⁺ (0.015 %) and TER119⁺VLA-4⁺ (0.18 %) but increases the expression of granulocytes (Gr)-1⁺ (57.83 %). GTYP treatment significantly increased the levels of red blood cell progenitor and protein regulator, while the level of Gr-1⁺ decreased after treatment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The combination of green tea, which is high in polyphenol content, and probiotic <em>L. paracasei</em> E1 microcapsules in the yogurt acts as an anti-inflammatory agent and improves the homeostasis of the hematopoietic system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of substrate, urea supplementation, and liming on the yield and antioxidant activities of Pleurotus sajor-caju M2345 and Pleurotus ostreatus M2191","authors":"Tirngo Begashaw ,&nbsp;Asmamaw Tesfaw","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pleurotus</em> species are grown because of their high yield potential, high nutritional and therapeutic value, and ease of growth. This research aimed to evaluate the yield and antioxidant activities of <em>Pleurotus sajor-caju</em> M2345 and <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> M2191 grown on different lignocellulosic substrates, including crop weeds, hairy willow herbs, cottonseeds, and water hyacinth. The growing media were made from 90 % substrates, 8 % wheat bran, and 2 % gypsum. The effects of supplementation with urea and calcium carbonate on the yield and antioxidant activities of oyster mushrooms were also investigated. The highest total yield and biological efficiency for <em>P. sajor-caju</em> M2345 and <em>P. ostreatus</em> M2191 were 870.31 g, 145.1 %, and 641.87 g, 107 %, respectively, on 25 % hairy willow herb waste and 75 % cottonseed waste during the dry season. The lowest total yield and biological efficiency of <em>P. ostreatus</em> M2191 and <em>P. sajor-caju</em> M2345 were obtained from T5 (75 % weed+25 % cottonseed). The best lime and urea concentrations for improving the yield of the <em>Pleurotus</em> species were 4 % and 1 %, respectively. The <em>Pleurotus</em> species grown with 100 % cottonseed waste (T1) and an equal ratio of hairy willow herb to cotton seed presented the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity. This study provides novel insights into the synergistic effects of liming, urea addition, and agricultural residues as substrates for sustainable <em>Pleurotus</em> production and highlights the combined role of substrate composition and supplementation in enhancing the yield and antioxidant activities of oyster mushrooms. The findings contribute to the development of cost-effective and eco-friendly strategies for mushroom cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and variability of biomolecules under material and environmental factors in Cymbopogon citratus L., traditional uses, antimicrobial properties, and recommendations for future research","authors":"Noura Jaouad ,&nbsp;Ahmed Tazi ,&nbsp;Faouzi Errachidi ,&nbsp;Souad Maache ,&nbsp;Belkheir Hammouti ,&nbsp;Mustapha Taleb","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies conducted on <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> L., or lemon grass, have identified several active compounds that promote a variety of biological functions. However, existing data demonstrates a significant variability in the quality and quantity of chemicals that impact their biological properties and medicinal uses of the plant. Therefore, this study summarizes existing data on the diversity and variability of bioactive compounds in extracts of <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em>, their traditional uses, and their antimicrobial properties. To achieve these goals, we used an electronic literature review using targeted keywords related to the study topics and research gathered from papers published between 1980 and 2024. Recorded data demonstrated a wide range of chemical compounds, including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenes, etc. These chemicals were variable between extracts and essential oils depending on plant materials, growing conditions, and extraction methods. Due to their richness in chemicals, different parts and extracts of <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> are used in traditional medicine to manage anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, antiamoebic, antifilarial, antiseptic, antitussive, analgesic, anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory diseases. In terms of antimicrobial activities, extracts and essential oils, as well as their components, showed a significant inhibitory effect against bacteria, fungi, and viral agents. These inhibitory effects are related to the capacity of bioactive molecules to impact the cells and intracellular components of treated microorganisms. To confirm these early findings, more in vitro and in vivo research on the anticancer and antioxidant mechanisms revealed by lemongrass components is necessary. Equally, in silico studies are needed to clarify the action mechanism of chemical compounds contained in the extracts and essential oils of lemongrass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of toxicity profile of Mollusca hemolymph: Insight into its potential biocompatibility and anti-biofilm efficacy","authors":"Minati Soren ,&nbsp;Sambit Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Awdhesh Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Pradipta Ranjan Rauta ,&nbsp;Jibanjyoti Panda ,&nbsp;Sarvesh Rustagi ,&nbsp;Seydur Rahman ,&nbsp;Yugal Kishore Mohanta ,&nbsp;Debasis Nayak","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional food habits followed by indigenous populations have a huge potential in providing nutrition to the world community aided with nutritional supplements. The phylum mollusca can provide alternative supplements for food and biochemical potentials. In the current investigation, the hemolymph of <em>Pomacea canaliculata, Achatina fulica,</em> and <em>Lamellidense marginalis</em> was collected through the heart puncture method and they were characterized through fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), antioxidant activity, hemolysis, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. The collected hemolymph demonstrated a prominent 65 kDa protein band in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate- Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The hemolymph samples exhibited strong antioxidant activity against standard free radicals. They were found to be highly haemocompatible through hemolysis and hemagglutination assay. The hemolymph exhibited antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Vibrio cholerae</em>. All the test samples demonstrated high biofilm inhibiting activity through tube assay and Congo red assay. The hemolymph extracts confirmed dose dependent cell toxicity against the A431 skin carcinoma cells. Hence, this study provides an insight into the potential application of the hemolymph in various biomedical applications, which can be validated through future in vitro experimentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Citrullus colocynthis mediated silver nanoparticles against toxicity and demographic characteristics of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)","authors":"Dilawar Khan ,&nbsp;Asim Gulzar ,&nbsp;Mohammad Tariq ,&nbsp;Rashid Mehmood Rana","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2025.100458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bactrocera dorsalis</em> is a major destructive pest in the Asia-Pacific regions because of its very broad range of host plants. Due to indiscriminate application of pesticides, the <em>B. dorsalis</em> has developed resistance to insecticides. The phytosynthesized AgNPs have potential for application as an alternative to synthetic pesticides in the management of <em>B. dorsalis</em> infestations. Therefore, in this study we examined the toxicity of <em>Citrullus colocynthis-</em>synthesized AgNPs against <em>B. dorsalis</em> and their effects on life table parameters. The results revealed that AgNPs are face-centric in nature, having an average size of 37 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis identified different bioactive compounds that helped in the reduction of Ag ions into AgNPs. The toxicity bioassay results confirmed that phytosynthesized <em>Cc</em>-AgNPs caused higher mortality than other tested treatment, and the LC₅₀ values of <em>Cc</em>-AgNPs were 0.270 g/L for larvae and 0.0.413 g/L for adults. These concentrations were subsequently applied in investigating the demographic profiles of <em>B. dorsalis</em>. In comparison with the control and standard trichlorfon treatment, immature duration and adult longevity were significantly increased by <em>Cc</em>-AgNPs. The key population parameters, such as intrinsic rate of increase (<em>r</em> = 0.1026 d⁻¹), finite rate of increase (λ = 1.1081 d⁻¹) and net reproductive rate (<em>R</em>_o = 121.12 offspring), were significantly lower in the <em>Cc</em>-AgNPs. In addition, the fecundity of female <em>B. dorsalis</em> was decreased considerably in <em>Cc</em>-AgNPs. In conclusion, phytosynthesized <em>Cc</em>-AgNPs exhibit potential as an innovative Integrated Pest Management (IPM) tool for controlling <em>B. dorsalis</em> populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 4","pages":"Article 100458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144491449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}