Kuwait Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of Delphinium denudatum Wall. Evaluated by validated high-performance thin-layer chromatography and in vitro assays","authors":"Nadeem A. Siddique","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Delphinium</em> is a plant with healing properties that can be viewed as a natural source of antioxidants. This study was conducted to investigate the potential benefits of <em>Delphinium denudatum</em> root methanolic extract (DDRME) in biomedical research and antioxidant therapy by examining its effects and mechanisms of action in protecting cell growth from free radical damage. <em>D. denudatum</em> root methanolic extract was evaluated using densitometric high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) to measure the amount of biomarker antioxidant candidate. Quercetin, a bioactive compound also known as 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxychromen-4-one, was isolated on silica gel 60F254 aluminum plates (500–4000 ngspot⁻¹; r² = 0.992 ± 0.0002; <em>R</em>f:0.48 ± 0.02) at a wavelength of 254 nm. The antioxidant capabilities were assessed by <em>in vitro</em> antioxidant assay through testing the inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) for nitric oxide (NO), hydroxyl radical (OH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and superoxide radical scavenging (SO2^.-), in addition to examining antimicrobial activity. Quantitative analysis indicated that DDRME contained high levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity, leading to a significant inhibition of the produced free radicals. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay showed higher antioxidant potential compared to other assays, indicating a strong correlation (<em>r</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.978) between bioactive components and antioxidant capabilities. <em>D. denudatum</em> root methanolic extract (DDRME) has the potential to be used as an eco-friendly medication to defend humans from microbial diseases, as polyphenolics effectively hinder the capability of microbes by increasing antioxidant enzyme function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circular weakly balanced cross-over designs in periods of two and three different sizes","authors":"Muhammad Riaz ,&nbsp;Abid Khan ,&nbsp;M.H. Tahir ,&nbsp;Farrukh Jamal ,&nbsp;H.M. Kashif Rasheed ,&nbsp;Berihan R. Elemary","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cross-over designs (CODs) have applications in many branches of scientific inquiry. The use of CODs can lead to carryover effects, which are the main source of bias in the estimation of treatment effects. In order to reduce bias, minimal balanced, minimal partially balanced, and minimal weakly balanced CODs are preferred. In the literature, minimal weakly balanced CODs are reported for unequal period sizes when the first period is greater than the second period and so forth. In this article, the method of cyclic shifts is used to construct minimal partially balanced and minimal weakly balanced CODs for unequal period sizes of two and three, where the first period is less than the second period and so forth. All the proposed designs are efficient to control the carryover effects as well as to estimate the carryover effects and direct effects independently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on gaseous pollutants and particulate matter in a hot arid climate","authors":"Jasem A. Albanai ,&nbsp;Maryam Shehab ,&nbsp;Arie Vatresia ,&nbsp;Marium Jasim ,&nbsp;Hassan Al-Dashti ,&nbsp;Mohamed F. Yassin","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has had a significant impact on the global community, affecting various aspects of life. One of the unintended consequences of the pandemic is its effect on air quality. This study uses the state of Kuwait as a case study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of gaseous pollutants (NO2, O3, SO2, H2S, CO) and particulate matter 2.5 and 10 μm (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) in a hot arid region. Hourly data for COVID-19 infected cases and gaseous pollutants and particulate matter were collected from January to December 2020. The Openair model with the R package was used to analyze gaseous pollutants and particulate matter data with an applied air quality index (AQI). Stochastic models with time series analysis - Kernel density were employed to investigate how COVID-19 infection can affect the changes of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter. In addition, the spatial interpolation approach was estimated using the inverse distance weighted (IDW). The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was used to analyze the daily data of the gasses and particle occurrences in a hot, dry climate. The results showed a significant decrease in levels of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter after implementing preventive measures to control the spread of the virus. This reduction benefits public health and the environment in the region, indicating that the preventive measures taken to address the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to reducing environmental pollution and mitigating its adverse effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro and in silico synergistic antidiabetic effectiveness of several multi-drug combinations of Siraitia grosvenorii, Dimocarpus longan Lour., and Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Extracts.","authors":"Jing Zhao ,&nbsp;Ahmed Najm ,&nbsp;Thiam Tsui Tee ,&nbsp;Yew Hoong Cheah ,&nbsp;Rebecca Ng ,&nbsp;Douglas Law ,&nbsp;Shazrul Fazry","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the economic challenges associated with diabetes mellitus, it is essential to explore the viability of common dietary sources as supplementary remedies for individuals with diabetes. The current study is crafted to evaluate the combined extracts from <em>Siraitia grosvenorii</em>, <em>Dimocarpus longan</em>, and <em>Orthosiphon stamineus</em> for their synergistic antidiabetic effects using both <em>in silico</em> and <em>in vitro</em> methods. These assessments include DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity, α-amylase inhibition, α-glucosidase inhibition, DPP-4 inhibition, cytotoxicity, and glucose uptake kinetics. The combined formulation of <em>S. grosvenorii</em>, <em>Dimocarpus longan</em> and <em>O. stamineus</em> (<em>SG + DL + OS</em>) demonstrated promising DPPH inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 9.11 ± 0.63 mg/mL. Moreover, it had inhibitory effects on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-4 enzymes, with IC₅₀ values of 8.63 ± 0.35 mg/mL, 10.21 ± 0.13 mg/mL, and 12.01 ± 0.31 mg/mL, respectively. Moreover, a notable increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in glucose uptake by L6 myoblasts was observed with the administration of various combinations. <em>In silico</em> analysis, which includes XP (extra-precision) docking and MM-GBSA (Molecular Mechanics, General Born Surface Area), revealed that 13 and 30 compounds within the combination exhibited substantial interactions and stable binding capabilities with α-amylase and DPP-4 proteins, signifying their potential as inhibitors for these enzymes. Consequently, it can be inferred that the combinations of <em>S. grosvenorii</em>, <em>D. longan</em>, and <em>O. stamineus</em> represent a promising therapeutic approach for diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of single and combined (core/shell) biosynthesis of nanoparticles (Ag and ZnO) on their photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities","authors":"Mansour S. Abdul Galil ,&nbsp;Mohyeddine Al-qubati ,&nbsp;Samir Osman Mohammed ,&nbsp;Abdulqawi Numan ,&nbsp;Ayman A. Raweh Saeed ,&nbsp;Ebkar Abdo Ahmed Saif","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, singly or in core/shell form, have received significant attention for their numerous biomedical and health applications. This is due to their biocompatible, non-toxic, and catalytic nature. This work describes a novel approach to biosynthesizing Ag, ZnO, Ag/ZnO, and ZnO/Ag NPs from the leaf extract of Acalypha fruticose (AF). The study verified the formation of the nanoparticles through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectra examination. The role of AF extract, as a reducing and capping agent, was revealed via phytochemical and FTIR studies. The nanoparticles were stable and crystallized, with crystal sizes ranging from 14 nm to 77 nm, according to X-ray diffractometer (XRD) examination. The crystallinity of Ag NPs increased significantly in the core/shell structure compared to single nanoparticles, especially in the shell position. The nanoparticles' crystal structure features were strongly associated with their shapes and sizes. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination indicated that the nanoparticles’ size ranged from 16 to 90 nm. The antimicrobial activity of the Ag NPs exhibited the highest inhibition efficiency, while the other nanoparticles also demonstrated promising results compared to previous studies. Additionally, the ZnO NPs were highly effective in degrading organic pollutants (dyes), achieving a remarkable degradation rate of 99.48% for methylene blue (MB) within 210 min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 2","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Gold targets using airborne geophysics and remote sensing data in part of northcentral Nigeria","authors":"Kehinde D. Oyeyemi ,&nbsp;Solape S. Fadeyi ,&nbsp;Akeem Adigun ,&nbsp;Osagie A. Ekhaguere ,&nbsp;Mohamed Metwaly","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exploration and utilization of economic mineral deposits are of paramount importance in driving the prosperity and progress of nations across the globe. An integrative approach of integrating aeromagnetic, airborne-radiometric, and remote-sensing methods was employed to assess gold mineralization zones within Paiko town in Niger state, northcentral Nigeria. Airborne-radiometric and remote-sensing datasets were utilized to map subsurface structures, lithological units, and hydrothermal alteration zones. The investigation delineated three major tectonic events along different directions: the ENE-WSW (D1) trending tectonic event, the WNW-ESE (D2) trending tectonic event, and NW-SE (D3) trending structural deformation event. The three deformation phases signify unique magnetic unit boundaries, lithological contacts, veins, and veinlets intrusions. These structures were interpreted as potential pathways for mineralization fluids. Moreover, the presence of high potassium-rich zones with low thorium/potassium ratio anomalies indicated potassium enrichments associated with sericite mica and K-feldspar minerals. The study also mapped various alterations of ferrous silicates, holding the potential to host gold and copper deposits, as well as endoskarn, epidot/chlorite/amphibole alterations, and phyllic minerals. Depth estimates derived from magnetic source parameters imaging techniques revealed that the mineralization targets in the area are relatively shallow, with depths ranging from the near-surface to less than 100 m. The delineation of mineralization zones in the study area convincingly demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating airborne geophysical and remote sensing data for exploring, developing, and managing subsurface mineral resources. This approach provides valuable insights into gold mineralization's presence, distribution, and characteristics, facilitating informed decision-making in mineral resource exploration and utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of fermentation conditions for 3-methylthio-1-propanol production by Saccharomycopsis fibuligera Y1402 in tobacco matrix","authors":"Qi Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Liu ,&nbsp;Quanyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinhui Peng ,&nbsp;Xuemin Guo ,&nbsp;Bo Kong ,&nbsp;Huawu Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Teng ,&nbsp;Liujie Cheng ,&nbsp;Chan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Ma ,&nbsp;Guangsen Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3-methylthio-1-propanol (3-Met) is widely used as a flavoring substance in food flavoring. In this study, the fermentation conditions of <em>Saccharomycopsis fibuligera</em> Y1402 for 3-Met production were optimized in the tobacco matrix. Firstly, the optimization of the culture medium components and culture conditions was carried out through a single factor design. Then, a Plackett-Burman design was used to screen out factors that most significantly affected the production of 3-Met by <em>S. fibuligera</em> Y1402. The steepest ascending path design was used to identify the most significant response region. The optimal conditions for the production of 3-Met were determined using the Box-Behnken experimental design and response surface analysis. These conditions included a particle size of tobacco between 60 and 80 mesh, ammonium sulphate as the nitrogen source with a concentration of 2.4 g/L, L-methionine (L-Met) concentration of 3.1 g/L in the nutrient solution, an incubation time of 145 h, a moisture content of 83%, an initial pH of 5.5, a temperature of 29 °C, and an inoculation size of 1.6%. Under these conditions, the production of 3-Met reached 342.07 mg/g of tobacco. When the culture was scaled up, the conversion yield of 3-Met reached 1.07 g/g of tobacco. This suggests that fermenting this strain can increase the amount of 3-Met in tobacco leaves. This research offers a reference value for employing this strain to enhance the flavor components of crushed tobacco leaves, low-quality tobacco leaves, or tobacco stems, facilitating the processing of inferior tobacco leaves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian estimation strategy for multi-component geometric life testing model under doubly type-1 censoring scheme","authors":"Nadeem Akhtar ,&nbsp;Muteb Faraj Alharthi ,&nbsp;Sajjad Ahmad Khan ,&nbsp;Akbar Ali Khan ,&nbsp;Muhammad Amin","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a Bayesian approach for estimating the unknown parameters of the 3-component mixture of geometric (3-CMG) model under a doubly type-I censoring scheme <strong>(</strong>DT1CS<strong>)</strong>. The derivations of the Bayes estimators (BEs) and Bayes risks (BRs) are presented under square error loss function (SELF), precautionary loss function (PLF) and DeGroot loss function (DLF) using Beta prior under DT1CS. The strategy is evaluated through extensive simulation and real-life data analysis, showing the strength and efficiency of the newly proposed model. The study recommends that the SELF is the optimal choice for accurately estimating the unknown parameters of the 3-CMG model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142654384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico analysis of point mutation (c.687dupC; p. Met230Hisfs∗6) in PGAM2 gene that causes Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD) Type X","authors":"Ayesha Abid ,&nbsp;Eman Nasir ,&nbsp;Hassaan Mehboob Awan","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type X is an autosomal recessive disorder that affects skeletal muscles and is caused by PGAM-2 (Phosphoglycerate Mutase-2) enzyme deficiency. This deficiency is due to a mutation in the PGAM-2 gene at chromosome number 7p13. A novel insertion mutation (c.687dupC) was reported recently in the Pakistani population. This study aimed to computationally study the effect of that mutation at the molecular level. Several <em>in silico</em> approaches were employed to understand the molecular mechanism behind PGAM2 enzyme deficiency. Modeling the wild-type and mutant PGAM2 protein revealed an absence of an alpha helix from the c-terminus. Binding site analysis showed the absence of a critical residue, Lysine-100, from the mutant. Moreover, changes in the binding affinities, intramolecular interactions, and intermolecular interactions were also observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian estimation under different loss functions for the case of inverse Rayleigh distribution","authors":"Ferra Yanuar ,&nbsp;Muhammad Iqbal ,&nbsp;Dodi Devianto ,&nbsp;Aidinil Zetra ,&nbsp;Yudiantri Asdi ,&nbsp;Ridhatul Ilahi ,&nbsp;Ridha Fadila Sani","doi":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.kjs.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the best parameter estimator for the scale parameter <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>θ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> of the inverse Rayleigh distribution was determined based on a comparison of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) method, the Bayesian generalized squared error loss function (SELF), the Bayesian linear exponential loss function (LINEX LF), and the Bayesian entropy loss function (ELF). The prior distribution chosen was the non-informative prior, namely the Jeffrey prior, and the informative prior using the exponential distribution. The estimator evaluation method used was based on the smallest value of the Akaike information criterion (AIC), corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Based on simulation studies and real data, it was found that the best parameter estimator on the data for the scale parameter <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>θ</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> of the inverse Rayleigh distribution is the Bayes ELF prior exponential <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mover><mi>θ</mi><mo>ˆ</mo></mover><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":17848,"journal":{"name":"Kuwait Journal of Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}