{"title":"Virtual-Sensing for Active Noise Control Using Reflected Waves","authors":"Itsuki Kojima, Hajime Kobayashi, N. Sasaoka","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182140","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual sensing with active noise control reduces noise in a zone of quiet (ZoQ) where a physical error microphone is not present. Conventional virtual sensing is applied to the adaptive control of sound through a window. However, it is difficult to acoustically separate one room with many reflected waves into a quiet space and a space with noise sources. To achieve acoustic space separation, virtual sensing is required to estimate the time-varying primary path from the noise source to the ZoQ without a preliminary identification stage and to track time fluctuations. Therefore, in this paper, an acoustic path model is proposed, that can be used to observe the ZoQ from a physical error microphone, and the structure of virtual sensing is designed to cope with environments in which many reflected waves are present. The simulation results show that the proposed system can reduce noise without preliminary estimation of the primary path while tracking the fluctuation of the primary path.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129395056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SS-AXI: Secure and Safe Access Control Mechanism for Multi-Tenant Cloud FPGAs","authors":"Emre Karabulut, Amro Awad, Aydin Aysu","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181609","url":null,"abstract":"FPGAs are newly added to the cloud to offer energy-efficient acceleration. Multi-tenancy is an emerging phenomenon in cloud FPGAs to enable resource efficiency. In a multi-tenant scenario, multiple users can share the same FPGA fabric either spatially (i.e., tenants share different resources at the same time) or temporally (tenants share the same resources in different time slots). Undesired access or manipulation of other tenant's data can cause security and safety issues. Although safety/security concepts in access control policies have been thoroughly studied in conventional cloud systems, they are relatively unknown for cloud FPGAs. Moreover, these concepts may not trivially extend to cloud FPGAs due to their different nature. This paper proposes an improved access control mechanism for multi-tenant cloud FPGAs. Compared to existing commercial tools, our solution allows dynamic configuration of access control privileges. Compared to earlier academic proposals with dynamic configuration, the results show that our proposal has three advantages: (i) enabling secure resource sharing of on-chip BRAMs to tenants, (ii) enabling safe sharing by resolving deadlocks and faulty access requests, and (iii) improvement in latency and throughput.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130868244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Carloni, Davide Conficconi, Ilaria Moschetto, M. Santambrogio
{"title":"YARB: a Methodology to Characterize Regular Expression Matching on Heterogeneous Systems","authors":"F. Carloni, Davide Conficconi, Ilaria Moschetto, M. Santambrogio","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181547","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous growth of data pushes novel and efficient approaches for information retrieval. In this context, Regular Expression (RE) matching is widely employed and represents a relevant computational kernel that carries control-and memory-related issues. Among the several solutions to relieve these burdens, accelerators seem a promising alternative to general-purpose systems. However, state-of-the-art benchmarking presents a highly fragmented scenario without consensus on the approach and lacks an open-source strategy. Therefore, to fairly characterize existing execution engines, this work presents YARB, an open benchmarking methodology. It builds upon literature solutions, a comprehensive approach, and an in-depth characterization of heterogeneous systems. Moreover, YARB's openness will enable future integrations and engines comparison.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133517655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Low-Distortion Current-Mode Signal Generator for Wide-Range Bioimpedance Spectroscopy","authors":"A. F. Schrunder, A. Rusu","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181880","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a low-distortion current-mode sinusoidal signal generator for bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements. The proposed full current-mode operation enables linearity enhancement and potential savings in silicon area and power consumption. Programmability in the low-pass filter and current driver enables impedance measurements from $0.2 Omega$ to $10 mathrm{k}Omega$ over a wide frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The current generator, designed in a $0.18 mu mathrm{m}$ CMOS process, consumes between $736 mu mathrm{W}$ at the lowest frequency and gain, and 1.70 mW at the highest frequency and gain, and occupies 1.76 mm2 silicon area. Post-layout simulation results show a spurious-free dynamic range larger than 40 dBc over the entire frequency range, which enables bioimpedance measurements with errors below 1%, as it is required for wearable devices evaluating neuromuscular disorders.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133464000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charalampos Eleftheriadis, M. Garrido, G. Karakonstantis
{"title":"Energy-Efficient Short-Time Fourier Transform for Partial Window Overlapping","authors":"Charalampos Eleftheriadis, M. Garrido, G. Karakonstantis","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181940","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an energy-efficient short-time Fourier transform (STFT) architecture. The proposed architecture is called frequency decomposition STFT (FD-STFT) and it achieves significant computational complexity reduction by effectively re-utilizing previously computed spectrums between overlapped sampling windows. Such an algorithmic modification not only reduces the required hardware units, but also achieves low accumulative error compared to conventional approaches. In addition, the quality of the resulting spectrogram is improved by integrating an efficient Hanning windowing technique that replaces the multiplication in the time domain with a low-cost filtering in the frequency domain. For an $N=256$-point window with $R=32$ overlapping samples, our results indicate that our approach achieves up-to 40.86% and 65.56% area and power savings respectively, compared to recent approaches.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132576524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianwei Liao, Jiewen Tang, Jun Li, Junhao Luo, Chenqi Xiao, Zhigang Cai, Lei Chen
{"title":"Modeling Retention Errors on Modern 3D-Flash Products","authors":"Jianwei Liao, Jiewen Tang, Jun Li, Junhao Luo, Chenqi Xiao, Zhigang Cai, Lei Chen","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181929","url":null,"abstract":"The innovative stacking architecture of 3D NAND flash offers a promising solution to increase the capacity of flash memory and further cut down the per-unit price. Such compact architectures, however, cause varied kinds of errors because of the hardware nature. Specially, retention errors are primary causes of read retries in high-density flash memory, which are induced by charge leakage over time. This paper proposes an empirical mathematical model to estimate the error rate caused by retention errors on the granularity of block, which is the basic program/erase (P/E) unit in 3D NAND flash memory. Specifically, we build the generalized model by considering the factors of layer-to-layer interference, early retention loss, the P/E cycle and the retention time of data of 3D NAND flash memory. Then, we validate the model on four commercial 3D NAND flash products, and the experimental results verify the accuracy of our proposed estimation model. At last, we apply our model in the existing I/O optimization of write scheduling for 3D NAND flash memory, for showing its contributions to better I/O performance.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132669437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Macro Construction Rules and Optimization for Long Bit Parallel Prefix Adders","authors":"M. Kaneko","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10182180","url":null,"abstract":"In the optimization of long bit-length adder design, the maintenance of solution space for adder structures and the control of wire length are important keys. This paper focuses on parallel prefix adders, and proposes macro construction rules based on the procedural construction framework for parallel prefix adders, and specification of application sequence using binary tree labeling. In addition, bit-line shuffling is combined in the design optimization for further improvement of delay performance. Proposed co-optimization of logical structure and bit-line placement improves the maximum path delay by 7% compared with the best one among the well-known benchmark parallel prefix adders. The improvement seems not to be significant, but the proposed method can easily be applied to variety of designs with different objectives, different parameter settings, etc.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128833594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Jiang, Xiangrui Wang, Zhanhong Huang, Yukang Huang, Enyi Yao
{"title":"A Scalable Annealing Processing Architecture for Fully-Connected Ising Models","authors":"Dong Jiang, Xiangrui Wang, Zhanhong Huang, Yukang Huang, Enyi Yao","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181623","url":null,"abstract":"Combinational Optimization Problems (COPs) are prevalent in many different fields. Most of these problems are NP-hard and challenging for computers with conventional Von-Neumann architecture. Ising machines with numerous spins have the potential to solve these problems by emulating the natural annealing process of solid matter. Recent research has explored the hardware implementation of Ising machines to accelerate the convergence process of such problems at room temperature. However, most of them are suffering from low scalability and low parallel processing capability due to the huge hardware cost and high complexity. In this paper, a scalable annealing processing architecture for Ising processor is described to address these issues with a NoC computing paradigm, a distributed storage scheme, and a fully pipelined structure design. The prototype is synthesized using FPGA with the maximum operation frequency of 270MHz, achieving about 32 times faster than conventional simulated annealing method when solving the max-cut problem.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127072096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A/D Alleviator: Reducing Analog-to-Digital Conversions in Compute-In-Memory with Augmented Analog Accumulation","authors":"Weidong Cao, Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181895","url":null,"abstract":"Compute-in-memory (CIM) has shown great promise in accelerating numerous deep-learning tasks. However, existing analog CIM (ACIM) accelerators often suffer from frequent and energy-intensive analog-to-digital (A/D) conversions, severely limiting their energy efficiency. This paper proposes A/D Alleviator, an energy-efficient augmented analog accumulation data flow to reduce A/D conversions in ACIM accelerators. To make it, switched-capacitor-based multiplication and accumulation circuits are used to connect the bitlines (BLs) of memory crossbar arrays and the final A/D conversion stage. In this way, analog partial sums can be accumulated both spatially across all adjacent BLs that store high-precision weights and temporarily across all input cycles before the final quantization, thereby minimizing the need for explicit A/D conversions. Evaluations demonstrate that A/D Alleviator can improve energy efficiency by 4.9× and 1.9× with a high signal-to-noise ratio, as compared to state-of-the-art ACIM accelerators.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114571036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hugo Waltsburger, Erwan Libessart, Chengfang Ren, A. Kolar, R. Guinvarc’h
{"title":"Neural network scoring for efficient computing","authors":"Hugo Waltsburger, Erwan Libessart, Chengfang Ren, A. Kolar, R. Guinvarc’h","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181766","url":null,"abstract":"Much work has been dedicated to estimating and optimizing workloads in high-performance computing (HPC) and deep learning. However, researchers have typically relied on few metrics to assess the efficiency of those techniques. Most notably, the accuracy, the loss of the prediction, and the computational time with regard to GPUs or/and CPUs characteristics. It is rare to see figures for power consumption, partly due to the difficulty of obtaining accurate power readings. In this paper, we introduce a composite score that aims to characterize the trade-off between accuracy and power consumption measured during the inference of neural networks. For this purpose, we present a new open-source tool allowing researchers to consider more metrics: granular power consumption, but also RAM/CPU/GPU utilization, as well as storage, and network input/output (I/O). To our best knowledge, it is the first fit test for neural architectures on hardware architectures. This is made possible thanks to reproducible power efficiency measurements. We applied this procedure to state-of-the-art neural network architectures on miscellaneous hardware. One of the main applications and novelties is the measurement of algorithmic power efficiency. The objective is to allow researchers to grasp their algorithms' efficiencies better. This methodology was developed to explore trade-offs between energy usage and accuracy in neural networks. It is also useful when fitting hardware for a specific task or to compare two architectures more accurately, with architecture exploration in mind.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114697547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}