Hengwei Yu, Shenglong Zhuo, Yifan Wu, Long Wang, Jiqing Xu, Jier Wang, Zhihong Lin, Patrick Chiang
{"title":"A Fully Integrated dToF System-on-Chip with High Precision Using Adaptive Optical Power Control and Shifted Histogram-Bin Binning","authors":"Hengwei Yu, Shenglong Zhuo, Yifan Wu, Long Wang, Jiqing Xu, Jier Wang, Zhihong Lin, Patrick Chiang","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181483","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates a ranging sensor system with a configurable array of $16 times 16$ single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), a 940nm vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), a co-design VCSEL driver with tunable widths from 400ps to 3630ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) optical pulses and peak power from 30mW to 170mW, and an embedded core to implement adaptive optical power control and distance extraction. An adaptive optical power control and a shifted bins binning of the histogram (SBbH) method to achieve high-precision distance measurement both at short-range and long-range. We achieved a minimum distance of 20mm with an absolute error better than 20% (4mm), still with a precision better than 10mm at 7m. All of results are obtained with 80% reflectivity of target at 100 frame rate.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114614164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingbo Shi, Han Liu, Tao Yang, Ming Jin, Haowen Shu, Fenghe Yang, Lei Shi, Yuansheng Tao, Jianrui Deng, Ruixuan Chen, Chan-Chung Han, Jian Liu, N. Wu, Nan Qi, Liyuan Liu
{"title":"An 800G Integrated Silicon-Photonic Transmitter based on 16-Channel Mach-Zehnder Modulator and Co-Designed 5.35pJ/bit CMOS Drivers","authors":"Jingbo Shi, Han Liu, Tao Yang, Ming Jin, Haowen Shu, Fenghe Yang, Lei Shi, Yuansheng Tao, Jianrui Deng, Ruixuan Chen, Chan-Chung Han, Jian Liu, N. Wu, Nan Qi, Liyuan Liu","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181563","url":null,"abstract":"A 800G integrated silicon-photonic transmitter is presented, including a 16-channel photonic integrated chip (PIC) and two electrical chiplets (EICs) that are realized based on an arrayed travelling wave dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and two 8-channel CMOS drivers. The proposed multi-channel PIC is fabricated on a high-resistance silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer with a 220 nm thick silicon layer and a $mathbf{2} boldsymbol{mu} mathbf{m}$ thick buried oxide (BOX) using the foundry-ready CMOS process, while the drivers are implemented in a standard $mathbf{65}mathbf{nm}$ CMOS process. The driver employs a combination of distributed architecture, 2-tap feedforward equalization (FFE) and push-pull output stage, experimentally exhibiting an averaged bandwidth higher than 28.5GHz and a differential swing of 4.0Vpp on $mathbf{50}mathbf{Omega}$ load, respectively. The 50Gb/s electrical eye-diagram is measured with 1.41ps rms-jitter, while the optical extinction ratio (ER) exceeds 3.0dB with 5.35pJ/bit power efficiency.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121545545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Power Side-Channel Attack on Flash ADC","authors":"Ziyi Chen, I. Savidis","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181331","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a monotonic power side-channel attack (PSA) is proposed to analyze the security vulnerabilities of flash analog-to-digital converters (ADC), where the digital output of a flash ADC is determined by characterizing the monotonic relationship between the traces of the power consumed and the applied input signals. A novel technique that leverages clock phase division is proposed to secure the power side channel information of a 4-bit flash ADC. The proposed technique adds randomness to decorrelate the input signal from the given power trace as the execution phase of each comparator depends on a thermometer code computed from the previous seven clock cycles. The monotonic PSA is executed on both a secured and unsecured ADC, with results indicating 1.9 bits of information leakage from an unprotected ADC and no data leakage from a protected ADC as the bit-wise accuracy is approximately 50% when secured. The monotonic PSA is more effective at attacking a flash ADC architecture than either a convolutional neural network based PSA or a correlation template PSA. The secured ADC core occupies approximately 2% more area than a non-secure ADC in a 65 nm process, and provides a sampling frequency of up to 500 MHz at a supply voltage of 1.2 V.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121701554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Implementation of Activation Function on FPGA for Accelerating Neural Networks","authors":"Kai Qian, Yinqiu Liu, Zexu Zhang, Kun Wang","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181406","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present the Integer Lightweight Softmax (ILS) algorithm for approximating the Softmax activation function. The accurate implementation of Softmax on FPGA can be huge resource-intensive and memory-hungry. Then, we present the implementation of ILS on a Xilinx XCKU040 FPGA to evaluate the effectiveness of ILS. Evaluations on CIFAR 10, CIFAR 100 and ImageNet show that ILS achieves up to $2.47times, 40times$ and $323times$ speedup over CPU implementation, and $4times, 63times$ and $51times$ speedup over GPU implementation, respectively. In comparison to previous FPGA-based Softmax implementations, ILS strikes a better balance between resource consumption and precision accuracy.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121704234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 50-MHz Bandwidth and 50.6-dBm OOB-IIP3 Transimpedance Amplifier Based on a Three-Stage Pseudo-Differential OTA","authors":"Cong Tao, Liangbo Lei, Zhiliang Hong, Yumei Huang","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181693","url":null,"abstract":"A 50 MHz bandwidth (BW) transimpedance ampli-fier (TIA) is designed for 5G Sub-6GHz SAW-less current-mode receivers (RX). It's based on an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). To tolerate blockers, the TIA must exhibit excellent in-band (IB) and out-of-band (OOB) linearity, which in turn requires OTAs with high BW and gain. Traditional two-stage OTAs struggle to achieve this under low power consumption (PC), so this paper employs a three-stage OTA. A pseudo-differential structure without the tail current source is used to accommodate low supply voltages (Vdd). Differential-mode (DM) stability relies on feedforward (FF) compensation within the OTA and zero compensation in the feedback network. Common mode (CM) is stabilized by five different common mode rejection (CMR) techniques. The circuit is designed and simulated in a 40 nm low power (LP) CMOS technology with a Vdd of 1.2V. The post-layout simulation results show that when IM3 is set to 30 MHz, the TIA's IB and OOB IIP3 reach 31.6 dBm and 50.6 dBm, respectively. The minimum input-referred noise (IRN) is 5.14 $mathbf{nV}/sqrt{Hz}$. The corresponding FoM value is as high as 186.3 dBJ-1, exceeding all previous designs. The chip consumes 10.4 mW of power and occupies only 0.016mm2.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"533 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124513747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reduced Precision Redundancy Systems by Approximation (RPA): Design and Analysis","authors":"Salin Junsangsri, Fabrizio Lombardi","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181543","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes new designs for Reduced Precision Redundancy (RPR) systems using Approximation (RPAs). Reduced redundancy is accomplished by utilizing approximate modules, hence requiring substantially different designs for the decision hardware for generating an output. The proposed schemes deal with a single erroneous data word generated by a module (in the presence of single and multiple bit errors) using three modules as inputs to the decision hardware of the RPA. Different from RPRs found in the technical literature, the proposed RPAs operate using only logic operations (so no involved as decision hardware). The probability of providing an exact data word at the output of the RPA under the above error conditions is analytically found; the provided simulation results show that the difference between simulated and analytical probabilities is at most 5%. Circuit based metrics (such as delay, power dissipation, and area) of the proposed designs are simulated and compared with RPR; the proposed designs outperform RPR in all metrics.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124085101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Cryo-CMOS Analog Circuits using the $G_{m}/I_{D}$ Approach","authors":"C. Enz, Hung-Chi Han","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181986","url":null,"abstract":"The $G_{m}/I_{D}$ approach has proven to be an efficient technique for the design of low-power analog circuits even in advanced technology nodes. It has already been shown that the normalized $G_{m}/I_{D}$ is actually a universal figure-of-merit (FoM) that is independent of technology and of device geometry. In addition, we will show experimentally in this paper that the normalized $G_{m}/I_{D}$ is also almost independent of temperature even down to cryogenic temperatures. Analog designers are currently struggling to design circuits that have to operate at cryogenic temperatures for quantum computing application. This is because the compact models available in the physical design kit (PDK) provided by foundries fail at cryogenic temperatures. While the models need to be improved to account for low-temperature physics, the $G_{m}/I_{D}$ approach can help designing cryo-CMOS analog circuits. In this paper we will show how it can be used for the design of a simple low-noise amplifier in a 16 nm FinFET technology taking advantage of the temperature independence of $G_{m}/I_{D}$.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seryeong Kim, Soyeon Kim, Soyeon Um, Sangjin Kim, Zhiyong Li, Sanyeob Kim, Wooyoung Jo, H.-J. Yoo
{"title":"A Reconfigurable 1T1C eDRAM-based Spiking Neural Network Computing-In-Memory Processor for High System-Level Efficiency","authors":"Seryeong Kim, Soyeon Kim, Soyeon Um, Sangjin Kim, Zhiyong Li, Sanyeob Kim, Wooyoung Jo, H.-J. Yoo","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181420","url":null,"abstract":"Spiking Neural Network (SNN) Computing-In-Memory (CIM) was proposed for high macro-level energy efficiency. However, system-level energy efficiency is limited by EMA due to a large intermediate activation footprint requirement. To reduce the EMA, a large capacity SNN CIM is needed to load tons of weights in the CIM. This paper proposes a high-density 1T1C eDRAM-based SNN CIM processor for supporting high system-level energy efficiency with two key features: 1) High-density and low-power Reconfigurable Neuro-Cell Array (ReNCA) for memory and SNN peripheral logic using a charge pump and reusing 1T1C cell array, achieving 41% area and 90% power reduction compared to previous work. 2) Reconfigurable CIM architecture with dual-mode ReNCA and Dynamic Adjustable Neuron Link (DAN Link) for layer fusion increases system-level efficiency including intermediate and weight EMA. It achieves $10times$ higher state-of-the-art system-level energy efficiency including EMA.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127766140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Sparse Depth Completion Using Joint Depth and Normal Estimation","authors":"Ying Li, Cheolkon Jung","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181618","url":null,"abstract":"Depth completion densifies sparse depth images obtained from LiDAR and is a great challenge due to the given extremely sparse information. In this paper, we propose deep sparse depth completion using joint depth and normal estimation. There exists a mutually convertible geometric relationship between depth and surface normal in 3D coordinate space. Based on the geometric relationship, we build a novel adversarial model that consists of one generator and two discriminators. We adopt an encoder-decoder structure for the generator. The encoder extracts features from RGB image, sparse depth image and its binary mask that represent the inherent geometric relationship between depth and surface normal, while two decoders with the same structure generate dense depth and surface normal based on the geometric relationship. We utilize two discriminators to generate guide information for sparse depth completion from the input RGB image while imposing an auxiliary geometric constraint for depth refinement. Experimental results on KITTI dataset show that the proposed method generates dense depth images with accurate object boundaries and outperforms state-of-the-art ones in terms of visual quality and quantitative measurements.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126537895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Analysis of Bidirectional Bifurcation Phenomena in DC Cascaded Converter Systems","authors":"Li Ding, C. Tse","doi":"10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS46773.2023.10181499","url":null,"abstract":"DC-DC converters are major components of a DC cascaded converter system. The converters interface with external power inputs, internal DC buses and loadings of subsystems. Stability of these constituent converters under all operating conditions is vital to the operation of the whole system. Current research results show that the system's stability can be guaran-teed when the system's parameters are within specific ranges, which are similar to the results obtained from standalone DC-DC converters. However, DC cascaded systems are high order systems and the dynamic behaviors are more complex than their standalone counterparts. In this paper, we identify and analyze the bidirectional bifurcation phenomena in the current-mode controlled DC cascaded system. Based on the derived averaged model, the bidirectional bifurcation phenomena and the associated mechanism will be studied in depth. Finally, the validity of the analysis is verified by laboratory experiments.","PeriodicalId":177320,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126551245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}