Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of date palm fibers/polyvinyl chloride composites","authors":"Hamida Boussehel,&nbsp;Laala Ghelani,&nbsp;Belhi Guerira,&nbsp;Abderrezak Bezazi,&nbsp;P. N. B. Reis,&nbsp;Othman Y. Alothman,&nbsp;Mohammad Jawaid","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the incorporation of date palm fibers, an abundant agricultural waste, into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites at a 25% fiber weight ratio. Alkali treatment, potassium permanganate oxidation, and silane coupling were applied to enhance fiber-matrix adhesion. The composites were fabricated using a hot pressing method. The results revealed significant improvements in mechanical, thermal, and moisture resistance properties for treated fibers compared to untreated ones. Potassium permanganate treatment achieved the highest tensile strength 9.57 MPa, while alkali treatment provided the highest Young's modulus about 304.5 MPa and thermal stability. Silane-treated composites exhibited the lowest water absorption. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that chemical treatments improved the crystallinity index (CI) of date palm fibers, with alkali treatment increasing CI from 28.6% to 40.5%, and potassium permanganate and silane treatments raising it to 37.5% and 41.8%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of treated date palm fiber composites as sustainable alternatives for industrial applications such as construction and automotive, aligning with both economic and environmental objectives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Enhanced PVC composites using date palm fibers.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Alkali, permanganate, and silane treatments improve mechanical properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Permanganate treatment achieves the highest tensile strength.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Reduced water absorption and improved thermal stability in treated composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Sustainable application of agricultural waste in industrial materials.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"604-621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and synthesis of anti-zinc burn and antibacterial Schiff base zinc complexes as multi-functional thermal stabilizers for PVC formulations","authors":"Nan Wang,&nbsp;Pingping Jiang,&nbsp;Pingbo Zhang,&nbsp;Xue Mei,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Zhu,&nbsp;Shijun Chen,&nbsp;Xunxun Sheng,&nbsp;Jingang Gao,&nbsp;Hang Gao","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thermal stabilizers are evolving toward greater efficiency and multifunctionality. This study aims to develop a multifunctional thermal stabilizer to meet the diverse application requirements. A Schiff base, VanHis, was synthesized by condensing histidine with vanillin, and its zinc salt derivative, VanHis-Zn, was prepared by reacting VanHis with anhydrous zinc acetate. Infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful synthesis. Thermal stability tests, including oven aging, thermogravimetric, conductivity, and Congo red tests, were conducted. Results showed that VanHis-Zn delayed zinc burn, with complete discoloration occurring after 120 min. Compared to commercially available calcium/zinc stearate stabilizers, VanHis-Zn exhibited the lowest weight loss rates in both the first (72.26%) and second (17.21%) stages. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and UV-absorption spectroscopy confirmed that VanHis-Zn suppressed the formation of conjugated double bonds during PVC thermal degradation. When blended with varying proportions of Ca(acac)₂, the initial whiteness and long-term thermal stability of PVC samples improved significantly, doubling the stability time compared to conventional systems. Antibacterial tests also demonstrated that both VanHis-Zn and the blended PVC samples exhibited antibacterial properties. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to analyze the thermal stabilization mechanism using NPA charge distribution analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>VanHis-Zn from biomass enhances PVC stability under heat and delays zinc burning.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>VanHis-Zn imparts antibacterial properties and inhibits PVC conjugated bond formation.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Thermal stability mechanism analyzed via quantum chemical and NPA charge analysis.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"589-603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of multi-element flame retardant hydrazides and its modification to epoxy resin","authors":"Weipeng Liu,&nbsp;Huajun Duan,&nbsp;Ya Li,&nbsp;Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Ruian Li,&nbsp;Jiangtao Geng,&nbsp;Huiru Ma","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When flame retardants are added to epoxy resins (EP) to enhance their flame retardancy, it often results in a negative impact on the mechanical properties of itself. In order to solve this problem, a new reactive flame retardant multi-element hydrazides (BSD) is synthesized by using benzenesulfonohydrazide and diphenylphosphinic chloride as raw materials, it can play a flame retardant effect through the synergistic effect of PNS multi-elements, and at the same time, a large number of secondary amine groups in the structure of BSD can produce strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydroxyl groups of the molecular chain of EP. The experimental results proved that the incorporation of only 3 wt% of BSD enabled EP to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, when the amount of BSD is increased to 5 wt%, the values for peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release showed a reduction of 26% and 20.8%, ultimately maximizing the limiting oxygen index to 34.9%, showing exceptional efficiency. In the meantime, it showed a 37.3% increase in flexural strength and a 21.4% increase in tensile strength, and the transparency of the modified epoxy resin was still maintained at this time. In summary, introducing BSD into EP obtains a highly efficient reinforced flame retardant epoxy resin (FREP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A P/N/S-containing hydrazide to improve the flame retardant of EP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>When the P content is 0.25 wt%, the FREP reaches UL-94 V-0 grade.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Tensile and flexural strength increased by up to 21.4% and 37.3%.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>With the addition of BSD, the FREP still show high transparency.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"544-559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical performance optimization in FFF 3D printing using Taguchi design and machine learning approach with PLA/walnut Shell composites filaments","authors":"Fuat Kartal","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the optimization of mechanical properties in 3D-printed components made from a Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Walnut Shell Composite using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). Employing a machine learning-based approach, the research identifies the optimal regression model for predicting relationships between printing parameters and material properties. A Taguchi L18 design is used to minimize experiment count while accurately determining parameter levels. Testing was conducted on a composite containing 30% walnut shell fibers, with the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Elastic Modulus (E) measured as per ASTM D638 standards. Experimental factors included Layer Thickness (LT), Nozzle Temperature (NT), Deposition Angle (DA), and Printing Speed (PS). Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and machine learning techniques, the effects of these parameters on UTS and E were evaluated. Results highlight the deposition angle as the dominant parameter, with machine learning models, especially Random Forest Regression, providing highly accurate predictions. This approach presents a novel, data-driven method for optimizing 3D printing processes with sustainable, composite materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Higher UTS and E achieved with optimized PLA/walnut shell composite.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Deposition angle is the key element of mechanical performance in FFF printing.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Layer thickness is important to improve Elastic Modulus.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Statistical and machine learning techniques combined for sustainable printing.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Improved machine learning process understanding for 3D printed components.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"622-638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly mechanochemical synthesis of hybrid phosphide flame retardants for enhanced fire safety in epoxy resins","authors":"Shengxiang Deng,&nbsp;Banglin Wu,&nbsp;Haiyang He,&nbsp;Sheng Zhong,&nbsp;Kaiwen Deng,&nbsp;Xiaming Feng,&nbsp;Hongyu Yang,&nbsp;Chaojun Wan,&nbsp;Cheng Yan","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22191","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditional synthesis methods for metal phosphides are often inefficient and not environmentally friendly due to complex procedures. Here, we propose an eco-friendly and efficient mechanochemical method for phosphide flame retardant synthesis through high-energy ball milling. Specifically, solid red phosphorus and Ti₃AlC₂ were directly reacted in the milling jar, producing a hybrid flame retardant with TiP and AlP as the main active components (TiP/AlP@C). It demonstrates that the TiP/AlP@C exhibited excellent performances, reducing the maximum thermal decomposition rate of epoxy resin by 35.3%, the maximum carbon monoxide release rate by 29.3%, and the maximum smoke release rate by 11.3%. These findings suggest that the synthesized TiP/AlP@C primarily exerts its flame-retardant effect by catalyzing the formation of a protective char layer, which acts as a barrier during combustion. This study confirms the effectiveness and scientific validity of the innovative mechanochemical synthesis method for advanced flame retardants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Hybrid phosphide flame retardants were prepared by high energy ball milling.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The milling speed and time are crucial for the mechanochemical reaction.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Hybrid phosphide additive is efficient in reducing fire hazard of epoxy resin.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A synergistic charring effect from hybrid metal phosphides is proposed.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"560-571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of graphene oxide on the properties of poly (vinyl alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose electrospun nanofiber mats","authors":"Karanjit Kapila,&nbsp;Dr Sushen Kirtania,&nbsp;Mr Kaushik K. Nath,&nbsp;Mr Akuleti Saikumar,&nbsp;Dr Laxmikant S. Badwaik,&nbsp;Dr Gazi Ameen Ahmed","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22192","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/graphene oxide (GO) nanofiber mats using electrospinning fabrication technique. Polymer solutions were prepared with PVA at a concentration of 6% w/v, CMC ranging from 0.5% to 1.5% w/v, in a 1:1 polymer blend ratio, and GO nanofiller from 0.1% to 0.5% w/v. Addition of CMC and GO amend the solution properties such as conductivity and viscosity, leading to notable alteration in nanofiber diameters from 90.514 to 169.225 nm. As evidenced by rheological analysis, addition of GO significantly enhanced the storage moduli and shear stress of PVA/CMC/GO solutions compared to PVA and PVA/CMC. According to tensile properties, the tensile strength of PVA/CMC/GO nanofiber mats was increased by 25.59% to 46.41% at 0.1%–0.3% w/v of GO compared to PVA/CMC mats, contributing to overall mechanical improvements. FTIR spectroscopy revealed interactions between the hydroxyl (<span></span>OH) groups of PVA and carboxylate groups (<span></span>COOH) of CMCs, with increased intensity in <span></span>OH and C<span></span>H absorption bands. The presence of hydrophilic functional groups increases the wettability of the nanofiber mats, as indicated by reduced water contact angles from 51.321° to 45.924°. The oxygen-rich structure of GO enhances the barrier properties of nanofiber mats, resulting in reduced water vapor permeability (WVP) from 1.049 to 0.980 g/m.h. Pa and moisture retention capacity (MRC) from 95.68% to 90.854%. Moreover, TGA analysis showed a significant improvement in the decomposition temperature of the hybrid PVA/CMC/GO nanofibers, resulting in reduced mass loss compared to other developed nanofibers. Overall, the obtained results validate the use of CMC biopolymer and GO nanofiller as an additive for the production nanofiber mats with improved structural, mechanical, thermal and barrier properties particularly for industrial, medical and packaging applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Blending of polymers to overcome the properties of single polymer system.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Development of PVA, PVA/CMC and PVA/CMC/GO electrospun nanofiber mats.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Effect of GO nanofiller on the properties of nanofiber mats.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Potential future applications in advanced engineering and material sciences.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"572-588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of solvent, graft density, and actuators-lubricants on the evaluation of friction and viscosity of slip additives","authors":"Rafael Catarino-Centeno,&nbsp;Erwin García-Hernández","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22189","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work carried out a mesoscopic scale numerical modeling of a polymeric brush system constituted of a heterogeneous mixture of two slip additives erucamide (Eru) and stearyl erucamide (sEru). The polymeric brushes are grafted onto two parallel plates moving under a stationary laminar Couette-type flow in non-equilibrium conditions, to evaluate the coefficient of friction (Cof) and the viscosity system. The Cof and viscosity were obtained as a function of the graft concentration, solvent and brush composition, and the fixed number of Eru actuators-lubricants. It was found that the 2:1 ratio (Eru:sEru) seems to be the most effective in reducing the Cof in all cases, but specifically for the 80%-air/20%-humidity solvent composition, the Cof reaches a value of 0.33 keeping the number of Eru actuators-lubricants fixed at 400. Under the same conditions, viscosity reduction is favored at higher graft concentrations, reaching values of 0.8 and 0.7 respectively. The results indicate that by increasing the amount of Eru actuators-lubricants, the Cof decreases significantly with a higher concentration of grafts. This could be crucial to optimizing friction properties, impacting various applications such as the plastics and packaging industry, agricultural film production, lubricant, and textile coatings, where these slip additives are commonly used.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Solvent composition influences the optimization of the Cof and viscosity.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Eru actuators-lubricants act as lubricating rollers in the solvent.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The mixture of the brushes reduces the Cof between the surfaces.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The molecular mechanism of slip additives is predicted at a mesoscopic scale.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"531-543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New method for extraction, identification, and quantification of non-intentionally added substances in polystyrene","authors":"Sacha Pérocheau Arnaud,&nbsp;Véronique Michelet,&nbsp;Sandra Olivero,&nbsp;Patrick Navard,&nbsp;Christelle Combeaud,&nbsp;Alice Mija","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An efficient one-step extraction method was developed for the recovery of additives and non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) from polystyrene, performed at room temperature for 2.33 h, without grinding to avoid fostering the formation of NIAS unrelated to polymer processing. Solvent use (39.2 mL/g) was greatly reduced compared with extraction conditions previously reported. The study of NIAS is analytically challenging but with high importance since their presence is a potential threat to human health and to the environment while reducing plastic potential recyclability. For an understanding of NIAS formation and influence of processing parameters, a systematic approach was taken, using virgin polystyrene mixed with known quantities of standard additives as model materials (Irganox_1076, Tinuvin_326, Irgafos_168). The degradation of one additive was identified by NMR and GC–MS. Precise multiple-point quantification with internal standard was performed by GC–MS, measuring a 5.1 wt% Irgafos_168 degradation, with additives LOD ranging from 0.55–0.95 ppm. Evaluation of analytical challenges, such as matrix effects, was discussed and quantified. This method will help the quality control of virgin and recycled PS materials, including food contact ones, and improve the knowledge of PS processing impact on NIAS formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"518-530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of ammonium polyphosphate for simultaneous enhancement of flame retardancy, mechanical, and viscoelastic properties of PALF-reinforced bio-HDPE composite","authors":"Aditya Pratap Singh,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,&nbsp;Suchart Siengchin,&nbsp;Himanshu Pathak,&nbsp;Sunny Zafar","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work is focused on reducing the flammability of 25 wt.% pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)-reinforced bio-based high-density polyethylene (bio-HDPE) composites. Varying contents of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) up to 10 wt.%, have been incorporated as a flame retardant while its effects on mechanical and viscoelastic properties are also evaluated. The linear burning rate is reduced by up to 26% for 10% APP content in the horizontal burn test. The incorporation of APP also proved beneficial in arresting the dripping of the polymer matrix during the vertical burn test. Thermal analysis showed that the interaction between APP and natural fibers enhanced the residual char content by up to 9%. Furthermore, dynamic mechanical analysis revealed an increase in the damping factor (loss tangent) with APP addition. The findings recommend incorporating up to 5% APP in PALF/Bio-HDPE composites as optimum. PALF-reinforced Bio-HDPE composite with improved flame retardancy, mechanical, and damping properties is achieved, offering an alternative to conventional composites used in automobile and construction industries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Flame-retardant composites made from 25% PALF and 10% APP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>10% APP base composite showed a 26% reduced UL 94 horizontal burning rate.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APP incorporation increases residual char content and prevents dripping also.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APP enhances both the mechanical properties and damping factor of composites.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"505-517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ag ion substitution in zeolite and use of citric acid on the efficacy of antimicrobial properties of EVA-PE composite films","authors":"Sera Im,&nbsp;Jun-Young Lee,&nbsp;Jongchul Seo,&nbsp;Jaewoo Bai,&nbsp;Myeong-Su Jeon,&nbsp;Sea C. Min","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22184","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Porous zeolites substituted with Ag ions (Ag_[zeolite]) or citric acid-dealuminated Ag_[zeolite] (CA-Ag_[zeolite]) were incorporated into an ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) and polyethylene (PE) copolymer using an extrusion process. The antimicrobial effects of the resulting films were evaluated against <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and Human coronavirus 229E, and their physical and tensile properties were examined. CA-Ag_[zeolite] exhibited superior antibacterial results compared to Ag_[zeolite] for both bacteria, and the CA-Ag_[zeolite]-EVA-PE film demonstrated higher antimicrobial effects against the tested microorganisms than the Ag_[zeolite]-EVA-PE film. Surface elemental analysis, determination of the specific surface areas, and pore size investigations demonstrated that CA-Ag_[zeolite] possessed higher hydrothermal stability than the zeolite or Ag_[zeolite] alone. Furthermore, the CA-Ag_[zeolite]-EVA-PE film exhibited a higher <i>L</i>* value and lower <i>a</i>* and <i>b</i>* values than the Ag_[zeolite]-EVA-PE film along with lower absorbance. The former also demonstrated higher tensile strength and moisture permeability, in addition to lower roughness values on both its cross-section and surface. Moreover, the Ag_[zeolite]-EVA-PE and CA-Ag_[zeolite]-EVA-PE films exhibited higher thermal decomposition temperatures than the EVA-PE composite. Overall, the CA-Ag_[zeolite]-EVA-PE film showed potential for use as a novel antimicrobial film for application in food packaging and kitchen utensil coating materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Antimicrobials were prepared with EVA/PE, Ag_[zeolite], and citric acid (CA)</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>EVA/PE films containing Ag_[zeolite] and CA showed strong antimicrobial effects</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>CA addition improved Ag_[zeolite] distribution in the film and the film color</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>CA addition enhanced the tensile, moisture barrier, and thermal properties</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Potential applications include antimicrobial packaging and utensil coatings</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"487-501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}