Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the properties and performance of ground nut shell biocomposites using compatibilizers and flame retardants","authors":"Vijaykumar Guna,&nbsp;Desmond Daniel Chin Vui Sheng,&nbsp;C. B. Mohan,&nbsp;Narendra Reddy","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Composites developed from inexpensive, renewable, sustainable, and abundant bioresources such as groundnut shells (GNS) do not have the adequate properties required for commercial applications. Hence, most of the biocomposites developed from agricultural wastes or biomass are not used for practical applications. In this study, we have demonstrated that the addition of compatibilizers and flame-resistant chemicals considerably enhances and makes the properties of GNS-reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites suitable for commercial applications. One maleated polypropylene (MAPP) and two acrylic-based compatibilizers (ABC1 and ABC2) were chosen and added into the composites in different proportions (1% to 5%). Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used to increase the flame retardancy of the composites. Ratio of reinforcement and matrix and composite forming conditions were also changed to achieve maximum benefits, and composites containing up to 80% GNS were developed. Tensile strength showed a good increase of 48%, whereas modulus showed a decrease of 35% with the addition of ABC2. However, the flexural strength and modulus of the composites increased with the addition of even 1% MAPP. The mechanical properties of the composites decreased when excess (5%) compatibilizer was used, probably due to agglomeration or an increase in incompatibility. Adding 3% of APP significantly improves both the flammability rating, LOI, and thermal properties. The highest flame resistance rating of V0 was obtained for both ratios, with the LOI increasing by about 40% and the conductivity decreasing marginally from 0.982 to 0.808 W/mK. Further, reduction in water absorption and hence increase in durability were also possible.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>GNS are major byproducts with limited use.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Composites made from GNS have poor mechanical and performance properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Addition of compatibilizers leads to substantial improvement in properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Excellent thermal and flame resistance is imparted by APP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>GNS composites are suitable for building, automotive, and other applications.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"427-440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorinated-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS) functionalized sepiolite nanostructures for developing epoxy nanocomposites with tailored crosslinking, antifouling, and self-cleaning properties","authors":"Julieta Fabienne Uicich,&nbsp;Marcela Elisabeth Penoff,&nbsp;Pablo Ezequiel Montemartini,&nbsp;Seitkhan Azat,&nbsp;Maryam Jouyandeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Saeb,&nbsp;Henri Vahabi","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22177","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Developing multifunctional epoxy composites with tailored properties supports energy systems, especially oil and gas industries. We report synthesis of 3D fluorinated-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (F-POSS) nanoparticles (NPs) co-condensed on the surface of 2D sepiolite (SEP) nanoclays, and dispersed it within an epoxy resin to facilitate curing kinetics of epoxy-amine system. A catalytic effect was realized, supporting excellent cure index, according to the kinetic models employed. Friedman model suggested double values of activation energy for composites (54.32 KJ/mol for Epoxy/SEP and 50.73 KJ/mol for Epoxy/F-POSS@SEP) compared to blank (reference) resin (26.12 KJ/mol). Nanostructure of F-POSS@SEP observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, demonstrating co-condensation of F-POSS and SEP nanoclays. Nanotribology tests suggested higher surface properties. Hardness of epoxy was 0.373 GPa; when modified with 5 and 10 wt% of F-POSS@SEP it resulted in 0.41 and 0.38 GPa, respectively. The reduced modulus was 4.53 GPa for epoxy, while 5.1 and 5.0 GPa for 5 and 10 wt% F-POSS@SEP, respectively. The free surface of composites was studied by SEM and contact angle techniques. F-POSS/SEP nanostructure populated at air-free surface, as a consequence of natural migration of fluorine. Contact angle measurements were performed in dynamic tests, showing increased hydrophobicity of thermoset composites, where an outstanding antifouling behavior was correspondingly achieved. Sliding angles diminished from 19.1° for epoxy to 8.1° and 5.0° for 5 and 10 wt.% of F-POSS@SEP, respectively. Accordingly, fouling of 5 and 10 wt.% F-POSS@SEP modified composites was 42% lower than that for epoxy. Self-cleaning resulted 18% and 16% higher for 5 and 10 wt.% F-POSS@SEP nanocomposites, respectively, compared to epoxy. These results are promising to contribute high-performance materials for the energy production sector.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Developed fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (F-POSS)/sepiolite.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Detected catalytic effect of F-POSS/sepiolite on epoxy-amine cross-linking kinetics.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Fouling decreased by 42%, whereas recovery increased 10-fold by cleaning surface.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Self-cleaning properties demonstrated by up to 74% reduction in water slip angle.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Potential use in pipelines to prevent paraffin deposits due to antifouling properties.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"382-400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas check prevention during calendering of poly(vinyl chloride) films using poly(caprolactone)-based additives","authors":"Luis F. Alvarez,&nbsp;Kushal Panchal,&nbsp;Richard L. Leask,&nbsp;Milan Maric,&nbsp;Jim A. Nicell","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gas checks on poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) calendered films are a common but not well understood surface quality defect that causes delays and resource wastage during the manufacturing of plastic sheets and films. Three modified poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-based additives of differing molecular weights were used as a secondary plasticizer in PVC with the goal of preventing the formation of gas checks without modifying the calendering process conditions. To better understand gas check prevention processes, the effects of the PCL-based additives on the thermal, mechanical, rheological, and chemical properties of PVC blends were assessed. A high molecular weight (2000 g/mol) PCL-based additive was unable to prevent gas checks in PVC blends, unlike the lower molecular weight (540 g/mol and 900 g/mol) additives. Chemical and physicochemical properties affect the prevention or reduction of gas checks showing that the acid values and molecular weights of the PCL-based additives are related to the number of gas checks. In contrast, physical properties, including rheological ones like complex viscosity or the storage and loss moduli that were previously hypothesized to be important factors in preventing gas check formation, were not significantly impacted by the addition of the secondary plasticizer. Furthermore, the acid value was observed to be related to the reduction in gas checks, likely due to the interaction of the dispersed functional acid groups with the entrapped air. Consequently, the effectiveness of the additive in eliminating gas checks declines as the acid value decreases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Low concentrations of PCL-based additives prevent gas checks on PVC films.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>They do not significantly affect the physical/mechanical properties of films.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Higher molecular weight additives are beneficial, but only below 2000 g/mol.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The effectiveness of PCL-based additives increases with acid value.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"441-452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical and thermal properties of rigid poly(vinyl chloride) composites via stearic acid-treated zinc oxide filler","authors":"Oum Keltoum Mallem,&nbsp;Narimene Zerguine,&nbsp;Fatma Zohra Benabid,&nbsp;Foued Zouai","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22178","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) exhibits limitations in mechanical performance and thermal stability. The aim of this study is to develop composite and nanocomposite materials with enhanced properties using zinc oxide (ZnO) as a filler to address the limitations of rigid PVC. The objective is to produce a cost-effective material with improved thermal stability and mechanical properties. To enhance dispersion and compatibility with PVC, the ZnO filler was surface-treated with stearic acid through a mechanical treatment process. The PVC/ZnO composites were prepared via melt mixing using a Brabender plastograph. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction results indicate that the surface treatment significantly altered the ZnO microstructure, leading to improved ispersion within the PVC matrix. Consequently, this modification resulted in enhanced properties of the rigid PVC, with a notable improvement observed at a ZnO filler content of 2 wt%. The thermogravimetric results indicated that treated ZnO increased the thermal stability of PVC composites. The mechanical test (Tensile Testing) reveals that highest modulus of elasticity (2.8 GPa), tensile strength (41 MPa), and elongation at break (38%) was obtained with modified ZnO incorporation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Stearic acid improved ZnO filler dispersion and compatibility in rigid PVC.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Treated PVC/ZnO composites showed better thermal stability and mechanical properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>FTIR, XRD, and TGA confirmed the surface treatment's impact on composites.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"401-412"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step polymerization of polyvinyl alcohol/cashew gum/polypyrrole/copper oxide nanocomposites for high-performance flexible films in optoelectronics","authors":"Ayisha Jemshiya Kalladi,&nbsp;K. Jayalakshmi,&nbsp;M. T. Ramesan","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22179","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A ternary blend nanocomposite composed of polyvinyl alcohol/cashew gum/polypyrrole (PVA/CG/PPy) with varying contents of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles was synthesized via an in situ polymerization method, using water as an eco-friendly solvent. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the ternary blend nanocomposites. FTIR and UV–visible spectra demonstrated strong intermolecular interactions between the functional groups of the PVA/CG/PPy blend and the CuO nanoparticles. XRD patterns revealed that the CuO nanofillers were arranged in a structured manner within the ternary blend matrix. FE-SEM confirmed the uniform dispersion and structured arrangement of CuO nanofillers at a concentration of 3 wt% within the blend matrix. TGA and DSC results showed that the addition of CuO nanoparticles to the PVA/CG/PPy blend improved both the thermal stability and glass transition temperature of the blend matrix. Electrical properties improved with CuO content up to 3 wt%, resulting in enhanced conductivity, an increased dielectric constant, and reduced activation energy. The highest tensile strength, 13.76 MPa, was also observed at this concentration. However, properties declined beyond 3 wt% due to agglomeration, making 3 wt% the ideal concentration for maximum performance. This study highlights the potential of PVA/CG/PPy/CuO nanocomposites for applications requiring improved electrical properties and thermal stability, particularly in flexible electronics and energy storage devices.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Eco-friendly synthesis of PVA/CG/PPy/CuO biopolymer nanocomposite films</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Improvement in morphological, and optical properties of PVA/CG/PPy/CuO films.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>CuO nanofillers magnify the thermal properties of the pristine PVA/CG/PPy</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Conductivity and dielectric characteristics: frequency and temperature dependence explored.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PVA/CG/PPy/CuO nanocomposite films: pliable contenders unveiling industrial potentials.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"413-426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of chain extension and crosslinking structures of recycled polyester textile for 3D printing filament","authors":"Lingquan Hu,&nbsp;Jianzhong Sun,&nbsp;Meng Zhang,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Shouxiang Jiang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22176","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increase in amount of polyester textile waste is contributing to the severity of environmental pollution because polyester cannot be easily recycled. To reduce the limits of its recyclability, a value-added recycling approach should be explored. This work introduces an approach for recycling polyester textiles into 3D printable filaments. To increase recyclability of polyester textiles, the polyester materials are modified by ADR4468 additive. After the polyester is 3D printed, the sample with 1.0 wt% of ADR4468 shows the highest tensile and compressive strength properties compared with 1.5 and 2.0 wt%, owing to its fewer voids between the printed lines, a fish scale-like morphology that spreads out, and a higher degree of crystallization. Moreover, the mechanism of modification suggests that ADR4468 extends and crosslinks the polyester chains by ring-opening reactions of epoxy groups of ADR4468 and forms sea-island structures. The sea-island structures of bonded polyester branched cores with tangled polyester shell interface areas and unbonded polyester chain areas performed suitable rheological behaviors to recycle polyester textiles for 3D printable filaments production. The filaments can be used to replace commercially available filaments, offer a sustainable option for consumers, and impact both the polyester textile-related recycling and 3D printing industries.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>An approach is proposed to recycle polyester textiles for 3D printing filament</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The approach uses a mechanical method to recycle polyester textiles</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Recycled polyesters were modified by ADR4468 to form core-shell structures</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Core-shell structures were separated by short polyesters(sea-island structure)</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The structures met rheological behaviors for 3D printing filament</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"367-381"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-phase synthesis of grafted carbon black for superior aging resistance in biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) composite films","authors":"Ke Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Sun,&nbsp;Fayong Li,&nbsp;Dong Xie","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Biodegradable films mitigate plastic pollution but often lack UV-aging resistance, shortening their lifespan. While anti-aging additives can boost the films' durability, small molecule migration constrains the extension of their service life. This study introduces a straightforward solid-phase reaction for producing carbon black (CB) grafted with the UV absorber UV531, termed CB-UV531. This material was then blended with the biodegradable polymer PBAT and transformed into a film via blow molding, yielding a durable UV-resistant biodegradable film (PBAT/CB-UV531). This solid-phase grafting reaction does not require any solvents, thereby reducing solvent contamination and waste, and it is simple to operate, allowing for scalable production. Compared to the unmodified CB, the obtained CB-UV531 exhibits significantly improved thermal stability, which can effectively reduce the loss of UV531 during the subsequent high-temperature film-blowing process. Furthermore, the chemically bonded UV absorber on the surface of CB-UV531, coupled with its reduced particle size, promotes enhanced dispersibility and consistent stability within the PBAT/CB-UV531 film, markedly improving its long-term resistance to UV aging. This method is expected to enhance the anti-aging effects of various commercial light stabilizer additives and can be used to extend the lifespan of different biodegradable materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A simple solid-phase reaction method was developed to prepare CB-UV531.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>CB-UV531 reveals smaller size and superior dispersibility.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Biodegradable PBAT/CB-UV531 film was prepared via a blowing process.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>UV531 migration loss in PBAT/CB-UV531 film is significantly reduced.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PBAT/CB-UV531 film shows enhanced thermal stability and aging resistance.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"326-338"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of intumescent flame retardants on the properties of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)/high-density polyethylene blends","authors":"Kyu-Hyun Kang,&nbsp;Hyun-Rae Kim,&nbsp;Sangwon Park,&nbsp;Jong-Seok Park,&nbsp;Daeyoung Hwang,&nbsp;Byoung-Min Lee,&nbsp;Jae-Hak Choi","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the innovative use of intumescent flame retardants (IFRs), specifically ammonium polyphosphate (APP), dipentaerythritol (DPER), and melamine cyanurate (MC), to enhance the flame retardancy and thermal stability of poly(ethylene-<i>co</i>-vinyl acetate)/high-density polyethylene (EVA/HDPE) blends. The blends were prepared through a melt mixing process, followed by compression molding, allowing for a thorough integration of the IFRs into the polymer matrix. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements, UL-94 vertical combustion tests, and cone calorimeter tests, were employed to evaluate the flame retardant performance of the blends. The findings reveal that the incorporation of IFRs significantly improves the flame retardant properties of the EVA/HDPE blends, achieving LOI values of 30.0% and UL-94 ratings of V-0 at higher IFR concentrations. This work contributes to the field by demonstrating the effectiveness of IFRs in forming a protective char layer that enhances thermal stability and reduces heat release during combustion. The study not only provides insights into the optimal formulation of EVA/HDPE blends for improved fire safety but also paves the way for the development of advanced materials suitable for applications in wire and cable insulation, where enhanced flame resistance is paramount.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) were incorporated to improve flame retardancy.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The effect of IFRs content was investigated.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>EVA/HDPE/IFRs blends exhibited high thermal stability and flame retardancy.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"356-366"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyaniline as a dual flame retardant and electrostatic dissipative additive in polyethylene nanocomposites","authors":"Akeem Adisa,&nbsp;Joseph K. O. Asante,&nbsp;Vincent O. Ojijo,&nbsp;António B. Mapossa,&nbsp;Washington Mhike","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE), are highly flammable and electrically insulative, limiting their applicability. The study explored the flame-retardancy and electrical conductivity of PE/polyaniline (PE/PANI) nanocomposites containing undoped PANI, PANI doped, and co-doped with various acids and PANI modified with a double layered hydroxide or ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The nanocomposites were synthesized through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline and compression molding. Flame retardancy was evaluated using UL 94 tests and cone calorimetry. All nanocomposites, except the de-doped PANI nanocomposite, attained a UL 94 V2 rating. Cone calorimeter results showed that PANI doped with H₃PO₄ reduced the peak heat release rate by 20% compared to neat PE, whereas co-doping PANI with H₃PO₄ and phytic acid reduced it by 31%. The nanocomposites exhibited volume resistivity for suitable for electrotactic dissipation applications but showed marginally reduced mechanical properties. This study demonstrates the potential to develop electrostatic dissipative and flame-retardant PE nanocomposites incorporating PANI.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PE/PANI nanocomposites were synthesized.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PANI doped with H₃PO₄ reduced the peak HRR by 20%.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Co-doping PANI with H₃PO₄ and phytic acid further reduced peak HRR.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Nanocomposites attained a UL 94 V2 rating.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PE/PANI nanocomposites were electrostatic dissipative.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"339-355"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of toughening agent and flame-retardant additives on the recycled polypropylene/oil palm empty fruit bunch laminated composites","authors":"Nur Ain Adila Abd Wahab,&nbsp;Mariatti Jaafar,&nbsp;Nor Hasima Che Hassan,&nbsp;Raúl García Sanz","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22171","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing awareness of the environmental problems caused by the use of plastics has led to a demand for sustainable materials. The concept of turning waste into wealth has been considered in the study where the waste materials are value-added into new composite materials that are recyclable, durable, and fire-resistant. This effort aims to meet global environmental goals and the demand for high-performance and sustainable building materials. The purpose of this current study is to develop laminated composites based on the combination of recycled plastic and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). The addition of various loading of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and 6 wt% of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) in the formulation was considered to enhance the performance of the composite laminates. The rPP and additives were compounded using a two-roll mill. Then the rPP sheet and OPEFB were laminated using compression molding techniques. Results showed that rPP with addition of 30 wt% APP and 6 wt% EVA exhibited the highest thermal stability and the lowest melt flow index (MFI) value compared to other samples. Composites with 20 wt% APP and 6 wt% EVA showed 56% increase in flexural properties and 33% increase in impact strength compared to that of rPP/OPEFB composite sample without EVA. Addition of 30 wt% in recycled PP and OPEFB demonstrated self-extinguished properties when exposed to fire compared to other samples. These findings indicated that rPP/OPEFB laminated composites with the addition of APP and EVA have a potential to be used in applications that require good strength and fire performance. The use of rPP/OPEFB composites with addition of APP and EVA has a potential to reduce virgin plastic consumption and agriculture material waste and establishing an environmentally friendly material for construction sector.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Additives included in recycled PP enhance its thermal stability and reduce MFI.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Recycled PP with OPEFB composite self-extinguished at 30 wt% APP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The highest flexural strength is shown by composite laminates with 20 wt% APP and 6 wt% EVA.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>rPP/OPEFB laminates are ideal for building materials.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"312-325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}