Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing PVC photostability and UV blocking capability through nanoparticles incorporation: A comprehensive review","authors":"Mohammed Basil Anwer, Mohammed H. Al-Mashhadani, Raghda Alsayed, Asmaa Hadi Mohammed, Sohad A. Alshareef, Zamzam Alhuwaymil, Mohammed S. S. Alyami, Emad Yousif","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22172","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plays a crucial role in various sectors including industry, agriculture and medicine, primarily due to their affordability, durability, relative chemical inertness, versatility, and ease of processing. Nonetheless, the polymer experiences a serious damage (degradation) upon exposure to UV radiation from sunlight. UV light mainly induces dehydrochlorination, leading to the release of hydrogen chloride (HCl). This process results in the formation of conjugated alkene structures within the polymer backbone, causing weight loss, and deterioration in the PVC's mechanical and physical properties. This deterioration affects not only the material's structure and appearance but also its performance, particularly in outdoor environments. Many advancements have been made in developing UV protective and UV blocking agents to reduce the effect of the harmful light on the polymer and the substance contained within. Nanoparticles (NPs) encompass a wide range of organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials, which have proven an outstanding UV stabilizing effect on the polymer via different mechanisms including absorption, reflection, scattering, and radicals scavenging. The incorporation of NPs into the polymeric matrix not only enhances the photostability of it but also endow the polymer improved UV-blocking capability enlarging its application in various fields, most importantly packaging. While some of these NPs exhibit photocatalysis effect on the polymer and increase the rate of degradation, the surface modification can substantially reduce this effect. This review covers all research papers published since 2015 that investigate the use of nanoparticles not only as photostabilizers but also as UV-shielding agents, providing a comprehensive analysis of their applications. It also delves into the underlying mechanisms by which these nanoparticles enhance the photostability of the polymer matrix itself and the protection of the materials contained within it through the blocking of the harmful light. Additionally, it discusses recent strategies, especially surface modification, to enhance the dispersion of NPs in polymeric materials and decreasing the photocatalytic activity of NPs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PVC is susceptible to degradation caused by UV radiation from sunlight.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>NPs are promising candidates for mitigating the harmful effects of UV light.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Surface modification reduces photocatalytic degradation by nanoparticles.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Homogeneous distribution of NPs in the polymer improves photostability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>NPs endow polymers with UV","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"259-278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-component coupling synergistic effect of resourced gold tailings on intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene","authors":"Feiyue Wang,&nbsp;Weixuan Li,&nbsp;Long Yan,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22170","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Addressing the challenge of resource utilization of gold tailings. A high performance flame-retardant fillers (K-GTF) were prepared from gold tailings (GTF) by coupling and condensation for application to intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (PP). K-GTF enhances the flame-retardant, thermal stability, smoke suppression and mechanical properties of flame-retardant PP through synergistic approach. The results show that K-GTF demonstrates good flame-retardant synergism, with PP composites containing 3% additive (PP/G3) exhibiting substantial flame-retardant and smoke suppression characteristics. Notably, PP/G3 boasts a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 36.1%, which is substantially higher than the 33.6% LOI of the flame-retardant PP without added K-GTF (PP/G0). Furthermore, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), total heat release rate (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) of PP/G3 were decreased by 32.5%, 26.9%, 31.6%, and 21.5%, respectively, as compared to PP/G0. According to the synergistic mechanism analysis, K-GTF exerts a multi-component coupling synergistic effect, which promotes the production of phosphorus-rich cross-linking structures in flame-retardant PP materials during the combustion, thereby promotes the formation of stable, dense and intumescent char to further enhances the flame-retardant performance of the PP materials. In terms of mechanical effects, the introduction of K-GTF alleviates the issue of a substantial decline in mechanical properties typically caused by flame retardants in PP materials. This indicates that K-GTF improves the compatibility between the flame retardants and the PP matrix, thereby enhancing the mechanical properties of the flame-retardant PP materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Successfully synthesis a flame-retardant synergist (K-GTF).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>K-GTF has good synergistic flame-retardant effect.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>K-GTF substantially enhances char formation and thermal stability of flame-retardant PP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>K-GTF exerts a multi-component coupling synergistic effect.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>K-GTF enhances the compatibility between the PP matrix and the flame retardants.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 2","pages":"298-311"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fiber loading on the mechanical, morphological, and dynamic mechanical characteristics of Calamus tenuis fiber reinforced epoxy composites","authors":"Arup Kar,&nbsp;Dip Saikia,&nbsp;Sivasubramanian Palanisamy,&nbsp;Narayanasamy Pandiarajan","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22167","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research delves into incorporating <i>Calamus tenuis</i> fibers as reinforcing material in polymer composites, conducting a thorough analysis of their viscoelastic, mechanical, and morphological attributes. Employing the hand layup method, <i>Calamus tenuis</i> fiber-reinforced epoxy composites were crafted across a range of fiber loadings from 0 to 25 wt% with 5 wt% increments. Results highlight significant enhancements in mechanical attributes upon the incorporation of <i>Calamus tenuis</i> fibers into the matrix. Notably, the composite with 10 wt% <i>Calamus tenuis</i> fibers emerges as the top performer, showcasing unparalleled mechanical strength compared to neat epoxy. It achieves the highest tensile strength (21.08 ± 1.03 MPa) and tensile modulus (2.84 ± 0.09 GPa), along with the utmost flexural strength (63.31 ± 1.05 MPa) and flexural modulus (3.12 ± 0.16 GPa). Furthermore, it demonstrates remarkable impact strength (9.40 ± 0.40 J/cm²), emphasizing its resilience. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirms enhanced fiber-matrix adhesion in the 10 wt% composite. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results reveal enhancements in storage and loss modulus, with the 10 wt% composites exhibiting the highest values. However, the damping factor decreases with the inclusion of <i>Calamus tenuis</i> fibers. Overall, a 10 wt% fiber loading is deemed ideal for enhancing the mechanical and dynamic properties of epoxy composites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Utilized <i>Calamus tenuis</i> fibers as reinforcing materials in epoxy composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Investigated the mechanical, morphological, and viscoelastic properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li><i>Calamus tenuis</i> fibers boost epoxy composite mechanical traits significantly.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>SEM confirms improved fiber-matrix adhesion in 10 wt% composite.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>DMA highlights elevated storage and loss modulus in 10 wt% composites.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"224-240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of calcite on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of virgin and recycled thermoplastic copolyester elastomer composites","authors":"Yunus Emre Sucu,&nbsp;Merve Dandan Doğancı","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22166","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, the effects of stearic acid-coated calcite (CaCO₃) were investigated on the mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of thermoplastic copolyester elastomers (COPE or TPE-E) and recycled COPEs (R-COPE). R-COPE, which consist of process wastes that are qualified as postindustrial recycled (PIR), were physically 100% recycled. The composites (virgin and recycled COPE) containing different concentrations of calcite (5–30 wt%) were prepared by melt compounding. It has been determined that mechanical properties such as impact strength and modulus increase with calcite concentration, while tensile strength decreases at higher concentrations owing to the stronger interfacial relationships between the polymer matrix and filler. Morphological studies revealed a good dispersion of calcite fillers at lower concentrations in the polymer matrix. The final composites obtained from recycled polymer had almost similar mechanical properties compared to virgin ones. This showed that recycled COPE could be used in many areas specifically automotive industry, as it gave results close to its original state with the addition of calcite with decreased cost.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>COPE were melt-blended with stearic acid-coated calcite (CaCO₃).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Recycled-COPEs were obtained from the physical recycling of factory production waste.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The mechanical properties such as tensile modulus increased with calcite concentration.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The thermal properties increased with increasing calcite concentration.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>R-COPE composites were obtained without any decrease in properties.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"211-223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22166","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of multifunctional passive cooling PE composites with high reflectivity and flame retardancy by combining inorganic flame retardant and organic aromatic compound","authors":"Kesong Wang,&nbsp;Xiaofei Wang,&nbsp;Yanli Qi,&nbsp;Tingting Chen,&nbsp;Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, the pressing issue of energy problems has led to increased interest in passive cooling materials due to their energy-saving potential. In this work, antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were added into polyethylene (PE) composites to obtain cooling materials with high reflectivity and flame retardancy. With 7 wt% Sb₂O₃ and 21 wt% DBDPE, the reflectance of samples in all solar wavelengths was greatly improved by at least 47.76%. Furthermore, the internal temperature of the self-designed temperature test device was reduced from 47.1 to 28.4 °C with a sunlight simulator at a light intensity of 1000 W/m² for 1 h at an indoor temperature of 25 °C. In addition, the UL-94 vertical flammability rating was upgraded from No Rating to V-0, and the limiting oxygen index value increased by at least 6.2%. The selection of a PE matrix with a higher degree of crystallinity resulted in enhanced mechanical properties. These multifunctional PE composites have the advantage in its high reflectance across all solar wavelengths and relatively good flame retardancy. Evidently, resultant characteristics make these composites potential candidates for application in the passive cooling field.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Inorganic and organic particles were incorporated into the PE matrix.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Multifunctional reflective cooling composites were prepared.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The factors affecting the reflectivity of composites were analyzed.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"241-256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal, mechanical, flammability properties, and morphologies of polypropylene/calcium carbonate-based on carbon nanomaterials and layered silicates composites: A future perspective of new sheet material for flooring application","authors":"António Benjamim Mapossa,&nbsp;Narges Mohammad Mehdipour,&nbsp;Uttandaraman Sundararaj","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22162","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyvinyl chloride/calcium carbonate (PVC/CaCO₃) composites are widely used in the construction industry to fabricate flooring materials. However, PVC materials have raised concern due to the large quantity of plasticizers introduced during PVC product processing. Studies have reported that volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) are toxic with side effects on human health and the environment. Therefore, polypropylene (PP) is proposed as an alternative polymer for developing calcium carbonate-based polymer composite sheets for flooring applications with improved thermal, mechanical, and flammability properties. This work reviews the scientific and technological advances in the field of polypropylene/calcium carbonate–carbon nanomaterials or clay nanocomposites to develop a better understanding of how to develop superior nanocomposites for use in flooring applications. This work explores various studies about the synergistic effect of combining nanofillers (i.e., carbon nanomaterials or layered clays) with intumescent flame retardants and the synergist effect of nanofillers (i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotubes/montmorillonite) without intumescent flame retardants on thermal, mechanical, flammability properties, and morphologies of polypropylene. The generated information will facilitate the design of flooring materials based on PP with improved thermal, mechanical, and flammability properties. Therefore, it was confirmed that there is a relationship between the morphology (dispersion state of nanofillers in the PP), and mechanical properties, as well as the flammability of PP composites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>New advances in carbon nanomaterials and clays-based PP/CaCO₃ composites</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The relationship between preparation, structure, property, and mechanisms</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The synergism effect of inorganic flame retardants, multifunctionality, and flooring application</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Challenges and future outlook on the development of PP/CaCO₃ /inorganic FR</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"146-181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously enhancing fire retardancy, acid and alkali resistance of polypropylene/aluminum trihydrate composite by microencapsulated red phosphorus","authors":"Wuhui Li,&nbsp;Jiaqi Li,&nbsp;Haoqi Xing,&nbsp;Kang Wang,&nbsp;Yunqi Zhang,&nbsp;Jichun Liu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/vnl.22165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The two obvious drawbacks of aluminum trihydrate (ATH) as a flame retardant to polymers are its low efficiency and poor resistance to both acid and alkali. To overcome these faults, ATH-filled fire-retarded polypropylene (PP) was modified by microencapsulated red phosphorus (MRP) and the flammability, acid and alkali resistance of the obtained PP/ATH/MRP composite were investigated. Results reveal that addition of 63 wt% ATH cannot impart V-0 rating to PP in UL-94 test, but incorporating 50 wt% ATH/MRP composite flame retardant can endow PP with V-0 rating. ATH synergizes notably with MRP in enhancing fire retardancy of PP and the presence of suitable MRP can boost acid and alkali resistance of PP/ATH composite remarkably. The production of high-quality char layer upon combustion is the key reason for improvement of fire retardance. MRP-induced charring of PP is responsible for the heightened acid and alkali resistance of PP/ATH composite. This work offers a simple and cheap route to overcome the drawbacks of ATH and will expand the application field of flame-retarded polymers with ATH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>MRP synergizes notably with ATH in flame-retarding PP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Formation of high-quality char layer answers for improved fire retardance.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Presence of MRP enhances chemical resistance of PP/ATH composite considerably.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>MRP-induced charring of PP is the root cause for enhanced chemical resistance.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"199-210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study on the mechanical and flammability properties of aluminum hydroxide and hollow glass beads-filled polypropylene composites","authors":"Yitao Zheng,&nbsp;Fu Gu,&nbsp;Zheng Wang,&nbsp;Yun Zhou,&nbsp;Liqiang Xu,&nbsp;Philip Hall","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22164","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lightweight polypropylene (PP) composites with high flame retardancy and high thermal stability were required for automobile, electrical and electronic applications. Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) and two hollow glass beads (HGB) were selected as fillers for polypropylene composite fabrication. The incorporation of 10 wt% HGB (iM30K) into the PP matrix leads to a 3.5% density reduction, and 10 wt% Al(OH)₃ increased the density by 5.4%. The cone calorimeter test (CCT) showed the lowest PHRR of 536.6 kW/m² and peak smoke production rate of 0.061 m²/s was recorded for 10 wt% HGB (iM30K) loading. The formulation with 10 wt% Al(OH)₃ loading had the lowest flammability; however, the Al(OH)₃ content was not sufficient for a consistent flame-resistant performance. The incorporation of HGB and Al(OH)₃ resulted in an enhancement of both tensile and flexural modulus; however, it was observed that the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths exhibited a decrement with an increase in the concentration of HGB or Al(OH)₃. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicated that at the same filler content, HGB (S60HS) filled PP composites have the highest thermal stability among the prepared composites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Effects of HGB and Al(OH)₃ on flame retardancy and thermal stability of PP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Small size HGB (iM30K) exhibited superior smoke suppression performance.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Effects of HGB on density reduction of PP based composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Mechanical properties of HGB or Al(OH)₃ filled PP were investigated.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The SEM images revealed the breakage and dispersion of HGB in the composites.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"182-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short carbon fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) and its thermoplastic polyurethane blends: The effect of carbon fiber, polyurethane, and compatibilizer amounts","authors":"Çağrıalp Arslan,&nbsp;Ayşegül Erdem,&nbsp;Özkan Özmen,&nbsp;Ümit Tayfun,&nbsp;Mehmet Doğan","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lightweight and multifunctional carbon fiber-reinforced composites with low production costs are crucial for aerospace and logistics applications. In this study, the integration of compatibilizer to polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blends filled with carbon fiber (CF) is performed due to cost-lowering, besides enhanced mechanical performance and processability. Composite sample loaded with 30% CF is selected and optimized by the varied amount of polymeric MDI (pM) inclusions. As the tensile resistance of PLA/TPU/30CF and PLA/TPU/30CF/pM is compared, it is found that pM additions led to enhancements in tensile strength and tensile modulus. A total of 5% of pM inclusion results in 43% increament in tensile strength of the tensile strength of PLA/TPU/30CF. Similarly, the flexural modulus and flexural strength of composites are improved by a high amount of pM. The impact resistance of PLA significantly increases after CF inclusion. The incorporation of TPU and compatibilizer shifts impact strength to higher levels. 204% improvement is achieved for PLA/TPU blend involving 5 wt% of pM concerning unfilled PLA. According to the thermo-mechanical analysis of composites, the presence of pM yields a higher elastic modulus for PLA/TPU/CF composites. Additionally, reductions in the glass transition temperature of PLA and composites are observed since the polymer gains ductility by elastomer and compatibilizer inclusions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations of composites visualize these findings. Results postulated that pM integration can be utilized in large-scale production of CF-reinforced PLA-TPU blend systems for cost reduction and performance improvement of composite parts in logistics and aerospace applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The compatibilizing effect of pMDI on the PLA/TPU/CF blend system is investigated.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>pMDI inclusions yield improvement in the mechanical resistance of composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>CF-reinforced PLA/TPU composites gain ductile behavior by the addition of TPU.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The increase in elastic modulus ensures an efficient enhancement of compatibility.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"121-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of epoxidized isosorbide linolenate (EGLA-ISB): A novel bio-based heat stabilizer for enhanced mechanical and thermal performance of PVC","authors":"Yu Han,&nbsp;Wei Luo,&nbsp;Shiyan Sun,&nbsp;Yunxuan Weng,&nbsp;Caili Zhang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22161","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22161","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heat stabilizers are additives that are used to stabilize the chemical and physical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) during high temperature processing and use. It is able to resist thermal degradation, prevent color change, maintain mechanical properties, and eliminate acid gas (HCl). Organometallic salts, such as zinc stearate (ZnSt₂) and calcium stearate (CaSt₂), are commonly used as heat stabilizers. There are not as many reports on bio-based heat stabilizers. The effectiveness of a synthetic bio-based molecule, epoxidized isosorbide linolenate (EGLA-ISB), as a heat stabilizer for PVC was investigated in this article, and its performance was compared to the commonly used CaSt₂/ZnSt₂ heat stabilizers. The thermal stability of PVC films was observed to be higher when EGLA-ISB was combined with epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as the plasticizer. The PVC/30ESO/2EGLB-ISB sample exhibited an initial decomposition temperature of 283.8°C and a minimal mass loss of 0.3% after a 120-minute isothermal heat loss test at 200°C, indicating improved thermal stability. The incorporation of EGLA-ISB into PVC films enhances mechanical properties through synergistic plasticization and stabilization, addressing the dispersibility issues of CaSt₂/ZnSt₂ that can diminish PVC's strength. The optical properties of PVC samples incorporating EGLA-ISB are also superior. The plastics industry can move toward a more environmentally friendly and sustainable direction through the development of bio-based heat stabilizers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>EGLA-ISB/ESO boosts PVC thermal stability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>EGLA-ISB enhances PVC's mechanical properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>EGLA-ISB PVC shows superior optical performance.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>EGLA-ISB advances sustainable PVC industry.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"133-145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142216047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}