Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(lactic acid) blends containing bio-based plasticizers","authors":"Zibo Yan,&nbsp;Qiang Dou","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22093","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The bio-based plasticizers-glycerol and lactic acid were used to plasticize and compatibilize PVA/PLA blends during melt blending process. It was confirmed that lactic acid significantly improved the compatibility between glycerol-plasticized PVA and PLA. Compared with pure PVA, the melting and crystallization temperatures and crystallinities decreased but the crystal form of PVA in the blends was not changed. The thermal stabilities of PVA/glycerol (G)/lactic acid (L)/PLA blends were better than PVA/G/PLA blends. Compared to PVA/G/PLA blends, the tensile and tear strength of PVA/G/L/PLA blends were improved, however, elongation at break decreased. The water absorptions and water vapor permeances of the blends decreased with the addition of hydrophobic PLA, but they increased by incorporation of hygroscopic lactic acid. The surface resistivities of the blends augmented in combination with PLA but declined by adding lactic acid. The melt flow rates of PVA/G/PLA blends were better than PVA/G/L/PLA blends because lactic acid enhanced the interactions among the components. After the addition of lactic acid, the transmittances of the blends increased due to the refined dispersed phases by the compatibilization. The compatibility between the components was predicated by Hansen solubility parameters. These blends showed potential as a novel barrier material for food and medicine packages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PVA, glycerol, and PLA blends were compatibilized by lactic acid.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The melting temperatures decreased with addition of glycerol and lactic acid.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The tensile and tear strengths were enhanced with addition of PLA and lactic acid.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The hydrophobicity, melt fluidity, and surface resistivity were improved by PLA.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of blending sequence and epoxy functionalized compatibilizer on barrier and mechanical properties of PBS and PBS/PLA nanocomposite blown films","authors":"Salima Adrar,&nbsp;Abdellah Ajji","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study focuses on developing compostable nanocomposite blown films, aiming to enhance oxygen barrier properties while maintaining good mechanical performance. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and its blend with polylactic acid (PLA) were selected as matrices for the films. Organo-montmorillonite Delite®43B (D43B) clay was incorporated to improve oxygen barrier, and random ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer served as a plasticizer and reactive compatibilizer. Different blending sequences were examined to determine the optimal one that led to significant enhancements in both the barrier and mechanical properties of the final nanocomposite blown film. Various techniques, including SEM, TEM, XRD, DSC, oxygen permeability, and tensile testing were employed to characterize the morphology of the compounds and blown films. The results reveal greater oxygen barrier properties depending on the blending sequence. Indeed, a reduction in oxygen permeability exceeding 50% was observed following the addition of 3 wt% of D43B to the PBS/PLA film, selectively localized in the PLA phase. This enhancement further intensified after the addition of 5 wt% of the epoxy functionalized compatibilizer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Enhancing PLA-PBS compatibility with the epoxy functionalized compatibilizer led to a reduction in the final film's oxygen permeability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Achieving ideal ductility and barrier balance in films requires a synergistic blend of components: D43B, PLA, PBS, and compatibilizer.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Optimizing balanced synergistic effects among compounds depends on the blending sequence method.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination effect of ADP-intercalated kaolinite and ammonium polyphosphate on simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resins","authors":"Long Yan,&nbsp;Jingjing Guan,&nbsp;Zheng Wei,&nbsp;Xinyu Tang,&nbsp;Zhisheng Xu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was successfully intercalated into kaolinite (Kaol) to prepare a novel synergist named ADP-intercalated kaolinite (K-ADP). The chemical structure of K-ADP was thoroughly characterized using various analytical methods, and then K-ADP was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to enhance the fire safety of epoxy resins (EPs). The flammability results indicate that the combination of K-ADP and APP exerts super positive effects on reducing the heat release and smoke emission of EPs than the mixture of Kaol and APP. Especially, the EP/8 wt% APP/2 wt% K-ADP has a super LOI value of 33.2% and reaches a UL94 V-0 rating accompanying with a 29.1% reduction in total heat release (THR) and a 72.7% reduction in total smoke production (TSP) compared to pure EP. The morphology and component analyses show that the combination of K-ADP and APP facilitates the formation of more phosphorus-rich crosslinking and aromatic structures in the condensed phase to enhance the compactness and intumescence of char layer, which effectively segregates heat, combustible compounds and smoke particles. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the combination of K-ADP and APP exerts super char-forming ability in EPs, and the residual weight of EP/8 wt% APP/2 wt% K-ADP at 800°C increases from 7.8% of pure EP to 19.7%. Mechanical test shows that the addition of K-ADP displays the less adverse effect on the mechanical properties of EP composites compared to Kaol due to the better compatibility of K-ADP and epoxy matrix with DSC analysis support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A novel ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-intercalated kaolinite (K-ADP) was synthesized.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APP/K-ADP system exerts super positive effect on reducing fire hazards of EPs.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APP/K-ADP system takes effect in both gas phase and condensed phase.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APP/K-ADP has a satisfying balance between fire safety and mechanical properties in EPs.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139555045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient and eco-friendly enhancement of polyvinyl chloride thermal stability: A renewable cinnamate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcite stabilizer","authors":"Xue Mei,&nbsp;Pingping Jiang,&nbsp;Pingbo Zhang,&nbsp;Zhixuan Cui,&nbsp;Shijun Chen,&nbsp;Xunxun Sheng","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the development of green chemistry, PVC thermal stabilizers should be developed in the direction of non-toxic, environmental protection, and high efficiency. This study utilized natural Cinnamic acid to successfully synthesize an eco-friendly and high-performance cinnamate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcite through the coprecipitation method. The structure of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs was analyzed via XRD, IR, SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses. The CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs/PVC sample was thoroughly investigated using multiple techniques, including tests, such as oven aging, thermogravimetric analysis, Congo red analysis, and conductivity analysis. Compared with the commercial thermal stabilizers CaSt₂/ZnSt₂ and CaAl-CO₃-LDHs, CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs demonstrated superior initial whiteness and exceptional long-term thermal stability, it did not completely blacken until 120 min. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the addition of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs could improve the plasticizing performance of PVC. CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs also had a synergistic effect with ZnSt₂, with a static thermal stabilization time of up to 40.5 min. Through HCl absorption experiments to investigate the thermal stabilization mechanism, the results showed that CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs can effectively absorb HCl released during PVC degradation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>By utilizing natural organic Cinnamic acid, Calcium nitrate, and Aluminum nitrate as raw materials, all from a wide range of sources, the reaction process eliminated the need for toxic solvents and a large number of chemicals.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The preparation process of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs was simple and the reaction time was short.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Comprehensive tests showcased the exceptional long-term thermal stability of the CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs/PVC sample.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The addition of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs can improve the plasticizing property of PVC.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The mechanism of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs was capable of absorbing HCl released during PVC degradation.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139518713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural halloysite nanotubes decorated with organophosphorous for highly flame-resistant epoxy composites","authors":"Li Ruan,&nbsp;Dechao Hu,&nbsp;Wenshi Ma","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22088","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Highly flame-resistant epoxy composites have important application value in many industrial fields. Unfortunately, epoxy resins (EPs) are inherently flammable materials and exhibit great fire hazard. In this study, the commercially available 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was chemically immobilized on the surface of natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) via the linkage of vinyltrimethoxysilane to obtain a novel flame-retardant VD@HNTs containing P/Si/Al elements. It was found that the flame-retardant VD@HNTs can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame resistance of epoxy composites. Typically, when 10% of VD@HNTs is added in EP, the limiting oxygen index of as-prepared VD@HNTs/EP composites reaches 30.3%, and it also successfully reaches V-0 classification in the UL-94 test. Besides, the ignition time of VD@HNTs/EP composites was enhanced from 42 s for pure EP to 60 s, and the maximum heat release rate was reduced from 1221 to 758 kW∙m⁻². These great findings promise an innovative and efficient strategy for improving the fire safety of EP products and may also offer valuable insight toward fabricating various novel organic–inorganic flame retardants as well as highly flame-resistant polymer composites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A novel flame-retardant VD@HNTs containing P/Si/Al elements was prepared by the chemical decoration of HNTs with organophosphorous.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The VD@HNT can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame resistance of epoxy composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of phosphorus-based flame retardants and natural HNTs was classified.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139483561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of surface defects in calendered poly(vinyl chloride) sheets using a succinate-capped poly(caprolactone) additive","authors":"Andrew Rideout,&nbsp;Kushal Panchal,&nbsp;Milan Maric,&nbsp;Richard Leask,&nbsp;Jim Nicell","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface defects known as “gas checks” often mar the surfaces of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) calendered films. These defects are typically prevented through changes in the calender operating parameters, a costly exercise which also limits the sheet thickness and the production rate. Adding a low concentration of poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-based star-shaped compound can eliminate gas check defects in PVC calendering. The effects of a triheptylsuccinate-terminated PCL with a PCL triol core and number average molecular weight of 540 g/mol (i.e., PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃) has been investigated on the material, thermal, and processing properties of PVC blends containing diisononyl phthalate (DINP) as a primary plasticizer and PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ in low quantities (i.e., 0, 5, or 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr)) as a secondary plasticizer and processing aid. The most significant differences between PVC blends containing PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ and those without are in the rheological properties of the PVC blends at higher temperatures and lower angular frequencies. Under these conditions, PVC blends containing 10 phr of PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ have a complex viscosity nearly three times higher than those containing only DINP. PVC/PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ blends had comparable tensile properties to those containing only DINP, with no significant change in maximum elongation and a small but significant increase of 28% in maximum stress. The addition of PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ made it possible to produce calendered films without gas checks that were twice as thick as those produced in its absence. In addition to reduced wastage of marred films, the increased calender operating range for PVC films containing PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ has the potential to significantly reduce energy costs for the calendering of thick PVC films.</p>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorinated-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS) functionalized halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) as an antifouling additive for epoxy resin","authors":"Julieta Fabienne Uicich,&nbsp;Maryam Jouyandeh,&nbsp;Diana Fasce,&nbsp;Pablo Ezequiel Montemartini,&nbsp;Marcela Elisabeth Penoff,&nbsp;Henri Vahabi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Saeb","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22081","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Antifouling epoxy resin serves as a member of advanced nanocomposite coatings and engineered surfaces. Nevertheless, developing an antifouling epoxy composites is a state-of-the-art technology. Herein, a complex nanostructure is tailored to be served as an advanced additive giving the antifouling characteristics to the epoxy resin. F-POSS@HNT hybrid nanostructure, that is, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) decorated with fluorinated polyhedral oligomericsil sesquioxane (F-POSS), was synthesized and characterized. Chemical structure changes, thermal stability and morphology of hydroxylated HNTs (hHNTs) intermediate and F-POSS@HNT ultimate nanostructures were analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and TEM, respectively. The F-POSS@HNTs catalyzed the epoxy-amine crosslinking reaction, taking “<i>Good</i>” or “<i>Excellent</i>” crosslinking tags an quantified by the “<i>Cure Index</i>.” The apparent activation energy values were calculated for the epoxy (reference), epoxy/hHNTs, and epoxy/F-POSS@HNTs systems (26, 51, and 47 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively). Contact angle measurements were performed via dynamic tests demonstrating improved hydro- and oleophobicity of the thermoset composites. The advancing contact angle with diiodomethane increased 36% and 30% for nanocomposites containing 5 and 10 wt.% of the developed hybrid nanostructure, respectively, compared with the neat epoxy. Likewise, 54% and 67% reduction in paraffin fouling in the same order confirmed their antifouling ability. Regarding self-cleaning characteristics, 24% and 33% surface recovery were observed, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Antifouling surface was achieved in epoxy thermoset nanocomposites for potential industrial applications.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Self-cleaning behavior correlated with low wetting and antifouling properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>F-POSS@HNT nanofillers were synthesized and successfully added to epoxy matrix.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Both hHNT and F-POSS@HNT showed a beneficial autocatalytic effect on epoxy-amine reaction yielding satisfactory polymer crosslinking.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Activation energy was reduced by incorporating F-POSS@HNT compared with hHNT, signature of facilitated crosslinking.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139062564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of cesium bromide nanoparticles on the structural, optical, electrical, and antibacterial properties of polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate for biological applications","authors":"N. S. Diab,&nbsp;H. M. Ragab,&nbsp;Fatma A. Hamada,&nbsp;Rosilah Ab Aziz,&nbsp;Azzah M. Alghamdi,&nbsp;M. O. Farea","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the use of organic and inorganic nanostructures to create innovative functional materials with applications in optoelectronics devices. Specifically, nanocomposite films were created by incorporating different concentrations of cesium bromide nanoparticles (5, 10, and 15 wt%) into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) polymer blend (50/50 wt%) through a solution casting process. The impact of CsBr NPs on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the virgin PVA/SA matrix was systematically investigated. x-ray crystallography investigation verified the semicrystalline nature of the PVA/SA. FTIR spectra showed the main vibrational peaks of PVA/SA, with their intensity decreasing after the addition of cesium bromide. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the formation of aggregations and the increase of roughness for the PVA/SA-CsBr NPs 15 wt% nanocomposite sample. The UV/vis. absorption spectrum showed a decrease in the energy gap values, which decreased from 4.25 to 3.89 eV in the direct transition and decreased from 4.12 to 3.77 eV in the indirect transition. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity and dielectric properties demonstrated improvement with increasing concentration of CsBr NPs. The antibacterial efficacy against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> exhibited an upward trend with an increase in CsBr nanoparticle concentration. Overall, the results suggest the promising potential of these nanocomposite films for applications in optoelectronics and biological applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>XRD shows that the amorphousity is increased after addition CsBr NPs.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>FT-IR confirms the interactions/complexation between PVA/SA polymeric matrix filled with CsBr NPs.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Optical energy gap is decreased with increasing CsBr concentrations.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>SEM images show the prepared samples have a smooth surface and only have a few defects.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>By adding CsBr NPs the electrical conductivity is tremendously improved.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate in polyethylene terephthalate and its flame retardant mechanism","authors":"Yushu Xiang,&nbsp;Yun Gao,&nbsp;Guomin Xu,&nbsp;Wentao He,&nbsp;Lijuan Long,&nbsp;Shuhao Qin,&nbsp;Jie Yu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alkyl hypophosphate flame retardants have aroused intense research interests in flame retardancy of polymers owing to the combined effect of gas phase and condensed phase. In this work, aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate (APBA) was incorporated into polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) to investigate its flame retardant effect and mechanism. PET achieved a V-2 level in UL-94, with a low LOI of 21.2%. In contrast, PET/APBA-15% composites showed a 51% increase of LOI value and a V-0 level, accompanied with the significant reduction of melt droplets. Gas phase analysis by Py-GC/MS and TG-FTIR indicated that the phosphorous free radicals and nonflammable gases were generated during the cracking of APBA, resulting in the radical quenching and dilution of combustible gas. Condensed phase analysis by SEM, Raman, and XPS results revealed that APBA could effectively facilitate the formation of dense char layers consisting of aluminophosphate and graphitic structures due to the interaction with PET matrix. The compact barrier layer could insulate heat and inhibit the volatilization of combustible materials, leading to improved flame retardant properties. Furthermore, the introduction of APBA increased the melt viscosity of PET/APBA composites according to rheological analysis, which further promoted the formation of a char barrier layer to further enhance the flame retardant properties.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Aluminum diisobutyl hypophosphate is used as an efficient flame retardant for PET.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The flame retardant can degrade to release the phosphorous free radicals.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The flame retardant can interact with the PET matrix and promote the charring.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139052481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sliding wear characterization of epoxy composites filled with wood apple dust using Taguchi analysis and finite element method","authors":"Abhilash Purohit,&nbsp;Priyabrat Pradhan,&nbsp;Gaurav Gupta,&nbsp;Hemalata Jena,&nbsp;Jayshree Singh","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22085","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22085","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this research, a new class of composite made up of wood apple dust (WAD) and epoxy is developed using the hand lay-up process. The impact of WAD filler on the physical and wear characteristics of epoxy-based composites are examined. The composite samples are prepared by varying the weight content of WAD (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wt%). The composites are subjected to dry sliding wear testing in accordance with the L₂₅ Taguchi design to calculate the specific wear rate (SWR). An optimum parametric combination of control factors is established for the composites to have the least amount of wear loss. The SWR of WAD/epoxy composites is also predicted using commercial finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS 2019 R2. The experimental findings are compared with the predicted wear rates of the composites. The results revealed that addition of WAD powder improved the wear resistance of the composites. A remarkable increase in tensile, compressive and flexural strength values of 34.79%, 10.12%, and 22.66% respectively, is observed. Neat polymer has tensile, compressive and flexural strengths of 48, 82, and 22.5 MPa respectively, and the values increased to 64.7, 90.3, and 27.6 MPa with addition of 12 wt% WAD. It is further observed that out of the four control factors the most influencing control factor affecting the wear rate of the composites in decreasing order are WAD content, sliding velocity, sliding distance, and normal load.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>In this study a natural fiber-based waste, wood apple dust (WAD) is successfully used as a potential filler material in epoxy matrix.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Physical and mechanical properties of the epoxy-WAD composites are analyzed.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Effects of filler contents on the wear behavior are studied using design of experiment.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The wear rate of WAD/epoxy composites is predicted using finite element method.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}