Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Rheological and morphological behavior of waxy crude with poly(octadecyl methacrylate) as flow modifier","authors":"Pranjal P. Dutta,&nbsp;Bitupan Mohan,&nbsp;Subasita Phukan,&nbsp;Subrat Saikia,&nbsp;Prakash J. Saikia","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22198","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22198","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Free radical and reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) techniques has been applied in the synthesis of poly(octadecyl methacrylate) (POMA) to be evaluated as flow improver (FI) for waxy crude through rheological and morphological studies. Addition of POMA improves the flow ability of waxy crude as well as modulated the wax crystal morphology. The maximum reduction of apparent viscosity of waxy crude was observed at higher concentration of POMA that was synthesized via free radical polymerization and at lower concentration of POMA that was synthesized via reverse ATRP technique. The wax crystal morphological observation by polarized optical microscopy shows that POMA can strongly crystallize with wax molecules, and the size of wax crystals increases slightly and tends to form small wax crystal flocs, which greatly improves the rheological properties of the crude oil.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Comb-like polymer POMA synthesized via free radical and reverse ATRP methods.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Effect of POMA on low-temperature flow ability of crude oil was studied.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>POMA via free radical method efficiently lowers the crude oil gelation point.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Crude oil viscosity significantly decreases with addition of synthesized POMA.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Adding POMA via both methods significantly alters wax crystal size in crude oil.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"652-666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced water-induced shape memory and swelling characteristics of graphene oxide-cellulose nanofiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites","authors":"Lince Mathew Thomas,&nbsp;M. S Sreekanth","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22203","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An efficient water-induced shape memory polymer (SMP) has been developed by incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and cellulose nanofibers (CNF) into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The resulting PVA/GO-CNF hybrid nanocomposite films at 1 wt% exhibit synergistic effect with superior water-induced shape memory performance, with 100% shape recovery within 37 sec. Moreover, these hybrid nanocomposite films at 1 wt% demonstrate superior mechanical strength of 77.9 MPa and an improved glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g) of 61.4°C in dry conditions. The synergetic effect of GO and CNF in PVA overcomes the limitations of other PVA-based SMPs in terms of mechanical properties, dimensional stability, and resistance to excessive swelling. Exposure to water significantly reduces <i>T</i>_g to 24.2°C, as confirmed by DSC analysis, which is attributed to the decrease in hydrogen bonding between PVA and 1 wt% GO-CNF caused by the swelling and plasticizing effect of water. Consequently, the shape recovery of the PVA/1 wt% GO-CNF occurs with a switching temperature activation due to the polymer chains' released strain energy. These findings suggest that these hybrid films hold the potential for expanding the applications of SMPs in biomedical and moisture-responsive application such as soft robotics and smart textiles, where water serves as the primary stimulus.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PVA/1 wt% GO-CNF hybrid film demonstrates 100% shape recovery in 37 sec.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Water immersed PVA/1 wt% GO-CNF nanocomposites show a reduction in <i>T</i>_g to 24.2°C.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PVA/1 wt% GO-CNF nanocomposite shows superior mechanical strength in dry conditions.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Shape memory behavior is due to reduction in hydrogen bonding and plasticizing effect.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"728-755"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the flame retardancy properties and mechanism of modified epoxy resin with graphene-based hybrid","authors":"Yunrui Luo,&nbsp;Ling Ming,&nbsp;Xiu Wang,&nbsp;Zihao Zhan,&nbsp;Chengyi Xu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22204","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22204","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The inherent disadvantage of epoxy resin (EP) is that it is easy to burn, and a large number of toxic and harmful gases are generated in the combustion process, and there is a huge fire hazard. Graphene, a two-dimensional-layered material with physical barrier effects, is used by many researchers to enhance the fire safety of EP, but because of its easy aggregation, it is difficult to prepare high-performance flame retardants. In our work, a high-performance graphene flame retardant was prepared by grafting a hollow zirconium organic frame material onto the surface of graphene. First, zirconium-based organic frame material (UiO66-NH₂) with different particle sizes was prepared by adjusting acetic acid, the hollow organic frame material was etched with sodium tungstate under acidic conditions, and then reacted with organophosphorus and graphene oxide, thus W-UiO66-DOPO-RGO were obtained. The results show that the W-UiO66-3-DOPO-RGO/EP has enhanced smoke suppression and flame retardancy, the LOI value up to 33.5%, vertical combustion class up to UL-94V-0, PHRR and TSP reduced by up to 58% and 42%, respectively. Through the characterization of the condensed and gas phase of EP composites, the relevant flame retardancy mechanism was clarified, which were mainly the synergistic flame retardancy and smoke suppression mechanism among the adsorption of fractional pores of hollow bimetallic MOFs, catalytic carbonization of metals, condensed phase and gas phase interaction of phosphorus elements, and physical shielding of RGO.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A high-performance graphene-based flame retardants were proposed.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>3 wt% of W-UiO66-3-DOPO-RGO endows EP with excellent flame retardancy.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The fire safety mechanism of W-UiO66-DOPO-RGO/EP was proposed.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"756-770"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced gas permeability of HyIIR/CB/OMMT composites constructed from hydroxyl groups and OMMT/CB with strong interactions","authors":"Si-yi Wang,&nbsp;Hong-gen Wang,&nbsp;Yan Shi","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22202","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22202","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR) has excellent airtightness, damping, and aging resistance due to its dense side groups and highly saturated main chain. However, the low unsaturation of IIR makes it weak in interaction with fillers. Therefore, the modification of IIR to improve the interaction of IIR with fillers will be critical for the preparation of high performance IIR composites. The introduction of reactive polar groups into IIR was an excellent solution. In this study, a novel modified IIR-hydroxyl functionalized IIR (HyIIR) was prepared and compounded with organic montmorillonite (OMMT) and carbon black (CB) fillers. Due to the stronger interfacial interactions between the rubber and the filler, the dispersion of OMMT achieved nanoscale without adding any modifier, and the gas barrier property of the rubber composites was significantly improved as compared to those of IIR or brominated IIR (BIIR) composites. The HyIIR/CB/OMMT composites were prepared by mechanical blending and sulfur package was used to vulcanize HyIIR via the reaction with vinyl groups. The effects of the dosage of OMMT and sulfur on the processing and application properties of the rubber composites were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results proved that hydroxyl groups on HyIIR were successfully reacted with the surface groups on OMMT. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the significant increase of the spacing of OMMT layer and nanoscale disperses of OMMT in HyIIR matrix. Payne's effect and dynamic thermo-mechanical (DMA) results indicated that the OMMT and CB particles were more uniformly dispersed in HyIIR than in IIR and had stronger interfacial interactions with the rubber macromolecule. By adjusting the amount of S, the vulcanization time was shortened from 47 to 37 min after adding fillers (OMMT and CB) to the HyIIR matrix, and the tensile strength of HyIIR/CB/OMMT composites reached up to 13.9 MPa and the elongation at break was about 750%. More importantly, the air tightness of HyIIR/CB/OMMT composites was greatly improved. The gas permeability coefficient of HyIIR/CB/OMMT composites with only 1 phr OMMT was improved by 68% (61%) and 48% (44%) relative to IIR/CB (BIIR/CB) and IIR/CB/OMMT (BIIR/CB/OMMT) composites, respectively. The use of hydroxyl-functionalized IIR species compounding with OMMT provides a new and innovative approach for improvement of the airtightness of IIR composites, which was expected to be widely used in the field of tire air-sealing layers or inner tube with high demand for the airtightness.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Highlights&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;An novel functionalized IIR-HyIIR was synthesized and compounded with fillers.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"711-727"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, characterization and life cycle analysis of ZnO doped LDPE films","authors":"Gözde Koçak Mutlu,&nbsp;Elif Gamze Taskin,&nbsp;Mehmet Karahan,&nbsp;Ali Kara,&nbsp;Gökhan Ekrem Üstün","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22199","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22199","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, virgin and recycled polymer films doped with ZnO in different proportions were prepared by extrusion. ZnO was first incorporated into LLDPE to produce masterbatches, which were then added to LDPE at a 10% ratio to fabricate the composite films. The produced films were analyzed using FTIR, SEM, TGA, DSC and tensile tests to evaluate their optical, thermal and mechanical properties. In addition, a life cycle assessment was carried out for each film and the environmental impacts were compared. A functional unit of 1 kg of film was selected and the process from raw material extraction to film production was analyzed in detail using the cradle-to-gate model. The findings indicate that the recycled film produced with 1% ZnO addition exhibits superior optical and thermal properties, high tensile and break strength, and offers positive environmental benefits. Therefore, recycled film produced with 1% ZnO additive was considered the most sustainable and suitable option for bag production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Virgin and recycled polymer films were doped with ZnO and produced.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Films' optical, thermal, and mechanical properties were studied.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The 1% ZnO doped recycled film exhibited high optical and thermal properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>LCA show 1% ZnO doped recycled film is the optimal sustainable product.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"667-681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of CuO nanoparticles on the physical and functional properties of biodegradable polymer-based composites for biomedical and flexible packaging applications","authors":"H. M. Ragab,&nbsp;N. S. Diab,&nbsp;Rosilah Ab Aziz,&nbsp;Eshraga Abdallah Ali Elneim,&nbsp;Azzah M. Alghamdi,&nbsp;A. E. Tarabiah,&nbsp;M. O. Farea","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22197","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the development of biodegradable nanocomposites using HPMC, PVA, and CMC, incorporated with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, aiming to create sustainable packaging materials with improved antimicrobial properties. CuO nanoparticles were synthesized via a chemical precipitation method and integrated into the polymer blend through a casting technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the monoclinic crystal structure of CuO and the semi-crystalline nature of the polymer blends. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed interactions between the host polymers and CuO nanoparticles. Optical tests showed that the addition of CuO nanoparticles reduced both the direct (E_gd) and indirect (E_gi) energy gaps. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated an increase in conductivity with higher CuO concentrations, attributed to enhanced charge carrier mobility and reduced crystallinity. Contact angle measurements indicated decreased hydrophobicity as CuO concentration increased, suggesting improved biocompatibility. Cell viability tests on HFB4 fibroblast cells demonstrated a significant increase in cell viability, with the highest value observed at 5.0 wt% CuO, indicating favorable biocompatibility for biomedical applications. Moreover, antimicrobial testing revealed significant inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with a stronger effect on Gram-positive strains. These results highlight the potential of CuO nanoparticles in enhancing the properties of HPMC/PVA/CMC blends, offering promising applications for biodegradable packaging materials, electronic devices, and biomedical fields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Biodegradable HPMC/PVA/CMC films enhanced using CuO for eco-friendly use.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>CuO nanoparticles improved optical and electrical properties by reducing band gaps.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Enhanced antimicrobial activity observed against Gram-positive bacteria.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Biocompatibility confirmed, with 5.0 wt% CuO showing the best performance.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Developed films are promising for biomedical uses and sustainable packaging.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 5","pages":"1001-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and synthesis of anti-zinc burn and antibacterial Schiff base zinc complexes as multi-functional thermal stabilizers for PVC formulations","authors":"Nan Wang,&nbsp;Pingping Jiang,&nbsp;Pingbo Zhang,&nbsp;Xue Mei,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Zhu,&nbsp;Shijun Chen,&nbsp;Xunxun Sheng,&nbsp;Jingang Gao,&nbsp;Hang Gao","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22193","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22193","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) thermal stabilizers are evolving toward greater efficiency and multifunctionality. This study aims to develop a multifunctional thermal stabilizer to meet the diverse application requirements. A Schiff base, VanHis, was synthesized by condensing histidine with vanillin, and its zinc salt derivative, VanHis-Zn, was prepared by reacting VanHis with anhydrous zinc acetate. Infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful synthesis. Thermal stability tests, including oven aging, thermogravimetric, conductivity, and Congo red tests, were conducted. Results showed that VanHis-Zn delayed zinc burn, with complete discoloration occurring after 120 min. Compared to commercially available calcium/zinc stearate stabilizers, VanHis-Zn exhibited the lowest weight loss rates in both the first (72.26%) and second (17.21%) stages. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and UV-absorption spectroscopy confirmed that VanHis-Zn suppressed the formation of conjugated double bonds during PVC thermal degradation. When blended with varying proportions of Ca(acac)₂, the initial whiteness and long-term thermal stability of PVC samples improved significantly, doubling the stability time compared to conventional systems. Antibacterial tests also demonstrated that both VanHis-Zn and the blended PVC samples exhibited antibacterial properties. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to analyze the thermal stabilization mechanism using NPA charge distribution analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>VanHis-Zn from biomass enhances PVC stability under heat and delays zinc burning.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>VanHis-Zn imparts antibacterial properties and inhibits PVC conjugated bond formation.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Thermal stability mechanism analyzed via quantum chemical and NPA charge analysis.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"589-603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of treatment on mechanical and thermal properties of date palm fibers/polyvinyl chloride composites","authors":"Hamida Boussehel,&nbsp;Laala Ghelani,&nbsp;Belhi Guerira,&nbsp;Abderrezak Bezazi,&nbsp;P. N. B. Reis,&nbsp;Othman Y. Alothman,&nbsp;Mohammad Jawaid","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22194","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the incorporation of date palm fibers, an abundant agricultural waste, into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites at a 25% fiber weight ratio. Alkali treatment, potassium permanganate oxidation, and silane coupling were applied to enhance fiber-matrix adhesion. The composites were fabricated using a hot pressing method. The results revealed significant improvements in mechanical, thermal, and moisture resistance properties for treated fibers compared to untreated ones. Potassium permanganate treatment achieved the highest tensile strength 9.57 MPa, while alkali treatment provided the highest Young's modulus about 304.5 MPa and thermal stability. Silane-treated composites exhibited the lowest water absorption. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that chemical treatments improved the crystallinity index (CI) of date palm fibers, with alkali treatment increasing CI from 28.6% to 40.5%, and potassium permanganate and silane treatments raising it to 37.5% and 41.8%, respectively. These findings highlight the potential of treated date palm fiber composites as sustainable alternatives for industrial applications such as construction and automotive, aligning with both economic and environmental objectives.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Enhanced PVC composites using date palm fibers.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Alkali, permanganate, and silane treatments improve mechanical properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Permanganate treatment achieves the highest tensile strength.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Reduced water absorption and improved thermal stability in treated composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Sustainable application of agricultural waste in industrial materials.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"604-621"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of multi-element flame retardant hydrazides and its modification to epoxy resin","authors":"Weipeng Liu,&nbsp;Huajun Duan,&nbsp;Ya Li,&nbsp;Yuan Chen,&nbsp;Ruian Li,&nbsp;Jiangtao Geng,&nbsp;Huiru Ma","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>When flame retardants are added to epoxy resins (EP) to enhance their flame retardancy, it often results in a negative impact on the mechanical properties of itself. In order to solve this problem, a new reactive flame retardant multi-element hydrazides (BSD) is synthesized by using benzenesulfonohydrazide and diphenylphosphinic chloride as raw materials, it can play a flame retardant effect through the synergistic effect of PNS multi-elements, and at the same time, a large number of secondary amine groups in the structure of BSD can produce strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the hydroxyl groups of the molecular chain of EP. The experimental results proved that the incorporation of only 3 wt% of BSD enabled EP to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, when the amount of BSD is increased to 5 wt%, the values for peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release showed a reduction of 26% and 20.8%, ultimately maximizing the limiting oxygen index to 34.9%, showing exceptional efficiency. In the meantime, it showed a 37.3% increase in flexural strength and a 21.4% increase in tensile strength, and the transparency of the modified epoxy resin was still maintained at this time. In summary, introducing BSD into EP obtains a highly efficient reinforced flame retardant epoxy resin (FREP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A P/N/S-containing hydrazide to improve the flame retardant of EP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>When the P content is 0.25 wt%, the FREP reaches UL-94 V-0 grade.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Tensile and flexural strength increased by up to 21.4% and 37.3%.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>With the addition of BSD, the FREP still show high transparency.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"544-559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143897242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical performance optimization in FFF 3D printing using Taguchi design and machine learning approach with PLA/walnut Shell composites filaments","authors":"Fuat Kartal","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22195","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22195","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study explores the optimization of mechanical properties in 3D-printed components made from a Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Walnut Shell Composite using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). Employing a machine learning-based approach, the research identifies the optimal regression model for predicting relationships between printing parameters and material properties. A Taguchi L18 design is used to minimize experiment count while accurately determining parameter levels. Testing was conducted on a composite containing 30% walnut shell fibers, with the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Elastic Modulus (E) measured as per ASTM D638 standards. Experimental factors included Layer Thickness (LT), Nozzle Temperature (NT), Deposition Angle (DA), and Printing Speed (PS). Using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and machine learning techniques, the effects of these parameters on UTS and E were evaluated. Results highlight the deposition angle as the dominant parameter, with machine learning models, especially Random Forest Regression, providing highly accurate predictions. This approach presents a novel, data-driven method for optimizing 3D printing processes with sustainable, composite materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Higher UTS and E achieved with optimized PLA/walnut shell composite.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Deposition angle is the key element of mechanical performance in FFF printing.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Layer thickness is important to improve Elastic Modulus.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Statistical and machine learning techniques combined for sustainable printing.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Improved machine learning process understanding for 3D printed components.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 3","pages":"622-638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}