Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"A promising modified polyvinyl chloride for adsorption of boron: Preparation, adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and thermodynamic studies","authors":"Huda M. Younis,&nbsp;Amal A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A new promising N-methyl-D-glucamine modified polyvinyl chloride via methyl glycinate linker (PVC-MG-NMDG) was designed to extract boron from tourmaline ore from the Sikait area in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt, which assays 10.43% B₂O₃. Specifications for PVC-MG-NMDG composite were executed successfully utilizing sundry approaches, such as FT-IR, XPS, GC–MS, TGA, BET, EDX, ¹³C-NMR, ¹H-NMR, ICP-OES, and XRD, which assure an acceptable synthesis of PVC-MG-NMDG. Optimized factors like pH, agitation time, primary boron concentration, composite dose, co-ions, eluting agents, and temperature have been improved. At ambient temperature, pH 9, 10 min of agitation, and 0.0138 mol/L boron ions (150 ppm), the PVC-MG-NMDG composite has a 25 mg/g maximal uptake. The extraction-distribution isotherm modeling suggests that the Langmuir model, with a theoretical value of 25.38 mg/g, more closely matches the practical value of 25 mg/g than the Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetics of boron ions by PVC-MG-NMDG were predicted with high accuracy using a pseudo-second order kinetic model, yielding a theoretical retention capacity of 27.93 mg/g. The extraction process was predicted, as shown by thermodynamic calculations, exothermic, spontaneous, and optimal extraction at low temperature; the thermodynamic factors controlling Δ<i>S</i> (−0.04 kJ/mol), Δ<i>H</i> (−13.74 kJ/mol), and ∆<i>G</i> values rise from −1.82 kJ/mol at 298 K to −0.19 kJ/mol at 338 K. Boron ions can be eluted from the overloaded composite by 0.5 M H₂SO₄ with a 95% efficiency rate. It was established that PVC-MG-NMDG composite reveals a worthy separation factor to most co-ions and gives a good separation power. Boric acid with a boron content of 17.23% and purity of 98.56% can be obtained through alkali fusion with NaOH flux and subsequent adsorption using a PVC-MG-NMDG composite.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A New modified polyvinyl chloride (PVC-MG-NMDG) was successfully prepared.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The characteristics of new composite were verified via different techniques.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The new composite reached its maximum boron absorption of 25 mg/g at 25°C.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The extraction as an exothermic, spontaneous process at low temperature.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The new composite has been applied to a real sample of Sikait tourmaline ore.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"326-348"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhodanine-chitosan hydrogel as a novel antioxidant for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composites","authors":"T. A. Zidan","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rhodanine-chitosan (RC) hydrogel is examined as a novel antioxidant for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR) composites. RC is added to NBR with different proportions (1, 2 phr) and compared to the commercial 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline polymer (TMQ) antioxidant. Physico-mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation, and modulus are also studied. It is found that NBR composite containing 2 phr of RC has the most favorable mechanical properties. The formed composites were subjected to thermo-oxidative aging at 90°C for 1, 3, and 5 days. It is noticed that NBR composite containing 2 phr of RC is the most resistant to aging. Swelling properties and crosslink density are also determined. Composite containing 2 phr of RC has also higher crosslink density than the other prepared composites. The formed NBR composites containing both TMQ and RC are characterized by Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The effect of aging on chemical structure of the composite and on surface morphology are also studied. It is found that the chemical structure of the composites containing 2 phr of RC is not affected by aging.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Rhodanine-chitosan (RC) is assessed as a new antioxidant for acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>RC is incorporated into NBR at two different concentrations: 1 and 2 phr.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Mechanical, thermo-oxidative aging, and swelling properties are evaluated.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Thermal stability, Fourier transforms infrared and field emission scanning electron microscope are studied.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Vulcanizates with 2 phr of RC show the most superior properties.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"349-358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of structure and optical characteristics of irradiated PVP/CMC nanocomposite films based on ZnS/SnO2 nanofillers","authors":"Mohamed H. Abdel-Kader,&nbsp;Abdel-Aleam H. Mohamed,&nbsp;Jamal Qernas M. Almarashi,&nbsp;Ali A. Alhazime,&nbsp;Mohamed Bakr Mohamed","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22039","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PVP/CMC/50%ZnS-50%SnO₂ blends were formed by solid state reaction, sol-gel methods and casting technique. The structure and the crystallite size of the nanofillers (ZnS and SnO₂) were examined using x-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The effect of laser irradiation energies compared to the proportions of loaded nanofillers on the films internal structure and morphology was studied using XRD. The high miscibility among blends has been confirmed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis proved the presence of the nanocomposite polymer blends constituent atoms. The blends surface morphology has been investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dual effect of both different laser energies and oxygen atoms content simultaneously, on the linear and nonlinear optical parameters of nanocomposite films were explored as well. Results showed that, the laser irradiation energy process has the highest enhancement on the optical properties. The optical band gap (<i>E</i>_g) values were reduced from 4.8 eV (in the case of unirradiated blend) to 3.5 eV (for blends irradiated with 150 mJ/cm²) for allowed direct transitions, but for allowed indirect transitions <i>E</i>_g decreased from 3.3 eV (for unirradiated) to 2.2 eV (for irradiated with 150 mJ/cm²).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A comparative discussion upon the effect of excess oxygen atoms has been represented.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A dominant effect for the laser exposure compared to both the particle size and excess oxygen atoms.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The variations of the nanocomposite films structural and optical features were promising.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"186-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of aluminum bis(hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)phosphinate and its synergistic flame retardant mechanism in PLA","authors":"Baoming Xu,&nbsp;Jingxue Yang,&nbsp;Xinhui Wang,&nbsp;Na Wang,&nbsp;Guorong Chen,&nbsp;Heng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, we report on the synthesis of a new aluminum bis(hydroxy-phenyl-methyl)phosphinate, AlBPi, under mild reaction conditions. The product structure was confirmed via characterization, and its thermal stability and flame retardant properties were assessed. To improve the flame retardant properties, we employed ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a synergist with AlBPi. The PLA composite material containing 10% AlBPi and 5% APP achieved an LOI of 28.1% and a UL-94 rating of V-1. Cone calorimetry tests showed a significant reduction in PHRR, THR, PSPR, and TSP for the PLA/AlBPi/APP composite compared to the pure and PLA/AlBPi materials. SEM analysis revealed a continuous and dense char layer on the residual surface of the synergistic flame retardant sample. AlBPi and APP exhibited excellent synergistic flame retardant effects, with both releasing a large amount of PO·free radicals. APP was also able to release inert gas, exhibiting excellent flame retardant effects in the gas phase. Additionally, APP improved the charring performance of AlBPi and formed a compact char layer on the material surface, achieving good flame retardant effects in the condensed phase. Therefore, the AlBPi and APP synergistic flame retardant system can be considered a viable flame retardant additive for PLA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A novel flame retardant AlBPi was synthesized.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>AlBPi and APP demonstrate good synergistic flame retardant performance in PLA.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>AlBPi and APP play a flame retardant role in both gas and condensed phases.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"313-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV aging behavior and mechanism of cold-mixed epoxy asphalt","authors":"Ziqi Jiang,&nbsp;Jingjing Si,&nbsp;Mingzhen Zhang,&nbsp;Junyan Wang,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Shao,&nbsp;Miaomiao Xing,&nbsp;Xin Yu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22050","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In environmental conditions, the ultraviolet (UV) light from sunshine will trigger epoxy asphalt (EA) paving materials aging and performance reduction. This work studied the influence of UV aging on the structure and mechanical performance of cold-mixed epoxy asphalt (CEA) to evaluate its aging mechanism. The chemical structure of CEA was tested by Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and micromorphology was observed through fluorescence microscopy. The mechanical properties of CEA were studied by tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results indicated that the toughness of CEA went down due to UV aging, and the elongation at break and glass transition temperature decreased by 35.5% and 6.0°C, respectively. Based on structural analysis, the UV aging mechanism of CEA was summarized as follows: (1) the curing network of epoxy resin was partially broken, and the asphalt particle aggregated; (2) the asphalt and epoxy resin in UV aging-CEA were oxidized and formed carbonyl group and sulfonic group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Both asphalt and ER components in CEA underwent oxidation reactions and formed more CO, SO, and C<span></span>O groups.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>UV-CEA showed a decrease in toughness due to destruction of the cured ER cross-linked network and shortening of the asphalt molecular chain</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li><i>E</i>' and <i>T</i>_<i>g</i> of UV-CEA was decreased, resulting from a decrease in ER crosslink density and an increase in molecular chain segment mobility of ER and asphalt.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"301-312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135783777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Tensile Properties of Citric Acid Crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) films reinforced with Nano-Alumina","authors":"Ankjeet Sinha,&nbsp;A. V. Ullas","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poly(vinyl alcohol) is widely used in many industrial applications due to its attractive physico-chemical properties. However, water solubility and limited mechanical strength may sometimes restrict its usage. In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve the mechanical properties of the poly(vinyl alcohol) films, particularly the tensile strength, the percentage elongation and Young's modulus. Poly(vinyl alcohol) films were prepared by solution casting. Citric acid is used as a crosslinker and nano-alumina (0.1–1% w/w) has been added as reinforcement in the crosslinked matrix. Compared to uncrosslinked films, the films containing citric acid demonstrate an increase of ~10% and ~38% in the tensile strength and modulus, respectively. Nano-alumina acted as a suitable reinforcement and enhanced the tensile strength and modulus of crosslinked film by ~20% and ~27%, respectively, at 0.3% (w/w) loading. Uncrosslinked film dissolved in distilled water whereas the crosslinked films underwent swelling which reduced with the addition of nano-alumina. Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) films reinforced with nano-alumina thus possess superior properties compared to both uncrosslinked and crosslinked films. The crosslinked nanocomposite films could find immense use as a food packaging material or in making membranes for water desalination.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Poly(vinyl alcohol) chemically crosslinked by citric acid.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Nano-alumina added as reinforcement in crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) film.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Swelling studies conducted on crosslinked nanocomposite films.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Tensile testing results showing the supremacy of crosslinked nanocomposite films over uncrosslinked and crosslinked pure film.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"294-300"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47917909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of biobased plasticizers with synergistic effects of plasticization, thermal stabilization, and migration resistance: A review","authors":"Yu Han,&nbsp;Yunxuan Weng,&nbsp;Caili Zhang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plasticizers are widely used in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polylactic acid (PLA), thermoplastic starch (TPS), and other modified powder materials to enhance the flowability, flexibility, and processability of macromolecules. Because of the reprotoxicity of phthalates in animals and humans, certain phthalates have recently been banned in the United States and Europe. Biobased plasticizers from green biomass–derived renewable resources with low toxicity are expected to be a substitute for phthalates. Among a variety of newly developed biobased monomers, cardanol, and isosorbide are the two most promising materials because of their unique structural features. This review summarizes the research progress of cardanol- and isosorbide-based plasticizers with synergistic effects of plasticization, thermal stabilization, and anti-migration. By summarizing and analyzing the relationship between molecular structure of plasticizer and plasticizing performance, this review can provide theoretical guidance for future research on the design of isosorbide- and cardanol-based plasticizers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Biobased plasticizers with low toxicity are expected to replace certain phthalates.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The plasticizing effect of single biobased plasticizer is not good.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Biobased plasticizer with synergistic effects is required.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>There exists the trade-off effect between the molecular weight and the compatibility.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Epoxidized isosorbide ester can be used as a heat stabilizer.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"26-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47979030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of reflective cooling plasticized polyvinyl chloride/precipitated barium sulfate composites for building roof applications throughout entire solar wavebands","authors":"Songcheng Han,&nbsp;Zhangbin Yang,&nbsp;Ling Zhang,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang,&nbsp;Jun Zhang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22038","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Barium sulfate (BaSO₄) has high reflectance throughout entire solar waveband (280–2500 nm). In this study, the melt blending method was used to incorporate BaSO₄ into a plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix. The aim was to create composites that exhibit excellent reflective cooling performance in the solar waveband, specifically for use in building roofs. By increasing the content of BaSO₄ from 0 to 200 phr, the total reflectance of the samples in the solar waveband showed significant improvement, rising from 6% to 48.8%. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of the samples accordingly emerged apparent enhancement, increasing by 46.3% from 0.178 to 0.262 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. Additionally, when subjected to irradiation by a solar simulator under a solar light intensity of 1000 W/m² for 1 h, the indoor simulated irradiation temperature decreased from 41.4 to 27.4°C.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ol>\u0000 \u0000 <li>White plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films with reflective cooling performance were prepared.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The solar reflectance and cooling performance of PVC was enhanced by BaSO₄.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The reflectance mechanism of BaSO₄ in PVC was established.</li>\u0000 </ol>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"172-185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45382759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential use of natural expanded perlite as a flame retardant additive for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene based composites","authors":"Utku Çelen,&nbsp;Yasemin Balçik Tamer,&nbsp;Hale Berber","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22047","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22047","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to reveal the effect of expanded perlite (EP) additive as a flame retardant for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) copolymer based composites. Before composite preparation, fine powdered EP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopic analyses. Also, maleic anhydride grafted ABS (MAH-g-ABS) with a grafting degree of 3.9 wt% was synthesized and used as a polymeric compatibilizer. ABS/EP composites with different ratios of EP were prepared by a continuous one-step melt mixing method. Thermogravimetric and morphological analysis, tensile tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL-94 vertical burning tests of the composite materials were investigated. EP significantly decreased the decomposition rate of ABS and promoted char formation. EP provided a UL-94 V-1 flammability rating with great fire resistance and self-extinguishing properties to the ABS matrix without any melt dripping. The LOI of ABS was greatly improved, reaching a value of 28.5% by adding only 5 phr EP. Zinc borate (ZB) also played a significant role in enhancing thermal stability and flame retardancy by creating a good synergism with EP. The composite containing 5 phr ZB showed a flame retardant grade of UL-94 V-0 and an LOI value of 27.5%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Flame retardant ABS/EP composites were successfully prepared by melt mixing.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The EP ratio of 10 phr provided the highest resistance to flammability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ZB showed good synergy with EP in enhancing the flame retardancy of ABS.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ABS/EP10/ZB-5 composite had a UL-94 V-0 rating with an LOI value of 27.0%.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This study proved the potential use of natural EP as a flame retardant filler.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"277-293"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22047","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44176303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and properties of PVC composites filled with walnut shell powder hybrid attapulgite","authors":"Junqian Yang,&nbsp;Keping Zhang,&nbsp;Dongsheng Chen,&nbsp;Xi Zhang,&nbsp;Yanan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In order to reveal the effect of alkali treatment of walnut shell (WS) powder and attapulgite (ATP) hybrid filling on the properties of WS/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites, and to compare the effects of different reinforcement methods, WS/PVC composites were prepared by single screw melt extrusion. Furthermore, analysis was conducted on the chemical composition, thermal stability, microstructure, and physical, mechanical and wear resistance properties of composites. The results showed that ATP hybrid can enhance the performance of WPC more effectively than alkali treatment, unmodified WS blended with ATP composites have the best physical, mechanical properties, abrasive wear resistance, as well as lower water absorption, compared with the untreated, the tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength increased by 24%, 8%, and 21%, respectively. In addition, the composites of ATP hybrid alkali treated WS have the best thermal stability, and its pyrolysis residue is 15.64% higher than untreated composites. The study found that ATP have a larger potential to enhance the properties of composites than alkali treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Chemical treatment and inorganic mineral particle filling were used to enhance the properties of the WS/PVC composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The experimental results showed that attapulgite can maximize the properties of the composites without alkali treatment. This means that attapulgite filling is a more effective and environmentally friendly and simple method to enhance the properties of composites than alkali treatment.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The wear failure modes of the composites are mainly micro-indentation and micro-cutting.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"263-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48396934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}