Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Development of cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate/silver nanoparticle electrospun mats for antibacterial wound dressing","authors":"Sema Samatya Yılmaz,&nbsp;Ayse Aytac","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22094","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22094","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, nanofibers were produced by the electrospinning method by adding 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate (60/40, w/w) mixture. Electrospun materials were cross-linked by immersion in a glutaraldehyde bath. Thus, antibacterial wound dressings that could be used on exuding wounds were developed. According to the scanning electron microscopy images of nanofibers, the cross-linking process by immersion method did not cause negative effects such as breakage or adhesion on the surface of fibers. The cross-linking of nanofibers was demonstrated by the presence of acetal linkages by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The cross-linking process significantly improved the thermal properties of the nanofibers. The lowest crystallinity calculated in the differential scanning calorimeter was observed in the 3% Ag NP-added nanofiber with a value of 1.83%. It exhibited the lowest total soluble matter content with a value of 11.98% owing to its high cross-linking density. In addition, the 3% Ag NP-added nanofiber, which had the highest toughness and ductility, displayed the highest tensile stress with 3.5 MPa and the highest tensile strain with 7.53%. Moreover, it showed 78.11% cell viability on the L929 fibroblast cell line at the end of the 24th hour. It was indicated that although the electrospun mats maintained 100% antibacterial effectiveness, they could not be used as a wound dressing for 48 h. It was reported that only 3% Ag NP-added nanofiber could be used as a 100% effective antibacterial wound dressing for both <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> provided that it was renewed every 24 h. Consequently, it was notified that cross-linking by the immersion method can be used in biomedical applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The antibacterial effects of Ag NP-doped PVA/NaCAS electrospun mats were significant.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The cross-linking process did not induce toxic effects some of the nanofibers.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>High cross-linking density was observed in the nanofibers.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The swelling property of nanofibers is a good feature required in an ideal wound dressing.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 4","pages":"911-928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of TPU on the mechanical properties, fracture toughness, morphology, and thermal analysis of 3D-printed ABS-TPU blends by FDM","authors":"Kianoosh Soltanmohammadi,&nbsp;Davood Rahmatabadi,&nbsp;Mohammad Aberoumand,&nbsp;Elyas Soleyman,&nbsp;Ismaeil Ghasemi,&nbsp;Majid Baniassadi,&nbsp;Karen Abrinia,&nbsp;Mahdi Bodaghi,&nbsp;Mostafa Baghani","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22097","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this paper, blends of ABS-TPU with two different weight percentages of TPU were prepared using fused deposition modeling technology. The effect of adding TPU on the fracture toughness of ABS and mechanical properties was comprehensively studied. Tensile, compression, fracture toughness, and shear tests were conducted on the 3D-printed samples. Thermal and microstructural analyses were performed using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The DMTA results showed that adding TPU decreased the storage modulus and the glass transition temperature of ABS, as well as its peak intensity. The mechanical test results showed that adding TPU decreased the strength but increased the formability and elongation of the samples. Fracture tests showed that the addition of TPU decreased the maximum force needed for a crack to initiate. The force required for crack initiation decreased from 568.4 N for neat ABS to 335.3 N for ABS80 and 123.2 N for ABS60. The ABS60 blend exhibited the highest strength against crack growth, indicating that TPU can change the behavior of ABS from brittle to ductile. Shear test results and SEM images also showed good adhesion strength between the printed samples for all three specimens, indicating their good printability. Adding TPU resulted in a reduction in the size and number of voids and holes between the printed layers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Melt mixing, filament preparation, and 3D printing of ABS-TPU blends.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Investigation of mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture toughness.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Improved resistance to crack growth and elongation by adding TPU to ABS.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Improving printability and reducing microholes in blends compared with ABS.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Achieving a wide range of mechanical properties for various applications.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 4","pages":"958-968"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and properties of recycled polypropylene-based wood–plastic composites reinforced with a bio-based compatibilizer","authors":"Hongbo Liu,&nbsp;Liangdong Ye,&nbsp;Dacheng Li,&nbsp;Qiaoyan Wei,&nbsp;Chuanheng Yu,&nbsp;Shaorong Lu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wood-plastic composites are green composites made of plastic as the matrix and wood as the filler; however, the incompatibility between these two leads to the degradation of the composites. This paper reports the synthesis of a novel bio-based compatibilizer, annotated as OA-g-H20, by grafting oleic acid (OA) on a hyperbranched polyester (Boltorn H20). The effect of modifying recycled polypropylene-based wood–plastic composites with this compatibilizer was then assessed. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and gel permeation chromatography techniques were employed to characterize the fabricated OA-g-H20, while its modification effect was assessed by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mechanical property tests. The experimental results revealed that the optimal addition amount of OA-g-H20 was 2.0 wt.%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A new bio-based compatibilizer, OA-g-H20, for wood–plastic composites is reported.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>OA-g-H20 was obtained by grafting oleic acid on a hyperbranched polyester (H20).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>OA-g-H20 provided good mechanical reinforcement for the wood–plastic composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>OA-g-H20 improved the crystallinity of the composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The reinforcement mechanism of OA-g-H20 in wood–plastic composites is elucidated.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 4","pages":"942-957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of annealed-silane modified barley husk biosilica and garment waste cotton microfiber vinyl ester composite","authors":"Suganya G,&nbsp;Sumanth Ratna Kandavalli,&nbsp;Santosh Kumar Sahu,&nbsp;C. Chanakyan","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22095","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the effect of adding annealed-silane modified biosilica and waste cotton microfiber into the vinyl-based composite on load-bearing properties. The primary objective of this study was to unveil the significance of annealing treatment on the biosilica and its effect on composite's properties. The biosilica was prepared from waste barely husk ash and the waste cotton microfiber was used as received. The composites were fabricated using mold casting method and their properties were assessed in accordance with ASTM standards. Among the composites examined, the VCB2 displays improved mechanical properties with a highest tensile strength of 120 MPa. In contrast, the VCB3 composite exhibited enhanced hardness with a low specific wear rate of 0.22 mm³/N m and a coefficient of friction of 0.19. Furthermore, the composite VCB3 demonstrated an elevated dielectric constant of 3.85 and a low dielectric loss of 0.136 with a high thermal stability up to 388°C. This study underscores the potential of annealing process on biosilica and its stress free grain structure in property improvement made as valuable reinforcement in waste cotton microfiber-vinyl ester composites, opening up new avenues for diverse engineering applications with advanced material performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Vinyl ester composites are prepared from waste biomass biosilica and cotton microfiber.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Addition of biosilica improved the void filling effect of matrix.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Addition of biosilica improved the mechanical properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Addition of biosilica up to 3 vol.% improved the wear properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Addition of biosilica up to 3 vol.% improved the thermal stability.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 4","pages":"929-941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(lactic acid) blends containing bio-based plasticizers","authors":"Zibo Yan,&nbsp;Qiang Dou","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22093","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The bio-based plasticizers-glycerol and lactic acid were used to plasticize and compatibilize PVA/PLA blends during melt blending process. It was confirmed that lactic acid significantly improved the compatibility between glycerol-plasticized PVA and PLA. Compared with pure PVA, the melting and crystallization temperatures and crystallinities decreased but the crystal form of PVA in the blends was not changed. The thermal stabilities of PVA/glycerol (G)/lactic acid (L)/PLA blends were better than PVA/G/PLA blends. Compared to PVA/G/PLA blends, the tensile and tear strength of PVA/G/L/PLA blends were improved, however, elongation at break decreased. The water absorptions and water vapor permeances of the blends decreased with the addition of hydrophobic PLA, but they increased by incorporation of hygroscopic lactic acid. The surface resistivities of the blends augmented in combination with PLA but declined by adding lactic acid. The melt flow rates of PVA/G/PLA blends were better than PVA/G/L/PLA blends because lactic acid enhanced the interactions among the components. After the addition of lactic acid, the transmittances of the blends increased due to the refined dispersed phases by the compatibilization. The compatibility between the components was predicated by Hansen solubility parameters. These blends showed potential as a novel barrier material for food and medicine packages.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PVA, glycerol, and PLA blends were compatibilized by lactic acid.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The melting temperatures decreased with addition of glycerol and lactic acid.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The tensile and tear strengths were enhanced with addition of PLA and lactic acid.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The hydrophobicity, melt fluidity, and surface resistivity were improved by PLA.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 4","pages":"895-910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of blending sequence and epoxy functionalized compatibilizer on barrier and mechanical properties of PBS and PBS/PLA nanocomposite blown films","authors":"Salima Adrar,&nbsp;Abdellah Ajji","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22092","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study focuses on developing compostable nanocomposite blown films, aiming to enhance oxygen barrier properties while maintaining good mechanical performance. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and its blend with polylactic acid (PLA) were selected as matrices for the films. Organo-montmorillonite Delite®43B (D43B) clay was incorporated to improve oxygen barrier, and random ethylene-methyl acrylate-glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer served as a plasticizer and reactive compatibilizer. Different blending sequences were examined to determine the optimal one that led to significant enhancements in both the barrier and mechanical properties of the final nanocomposite blown film. Various techniques, including SEM, TEM, XRD, DSC, oxygen permeability, and tensile testing were employed to characterize the morphology of the compounds and blown films. The results reveal greater oxygen barrier properties depending on the blending sequence. Indeed, a reduction in oxygen permeability exceeding 50% was observed following the addition of 3 wt% of D43B to the PBS/PLA film, selectively localized in the PLA phase. This enhancement further intensified after the addition of 5 wt% of the epoxy functionalized compatibilizer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Enhancing PLA-PBS compatibility with the epoxy functionalized compatibilizer led to a reduction in the final film's oxygen permeability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Achieving ideal ductility and barrier balance in films requires a synergistic blend of components: D43B, PLA, PBS, and compatibilizer.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Optimizing balanced synergistic effects among compounds depends on the blending sequence method.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 4","pages":"883-894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination effect of ADP-intercalated kaolinite and ammonium polyphosphate on simultaneously enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resins","authors":"Long Yan,&nbsp;Jingjing Guan,&nbsp;Zheng Wei,&nbsp;Xinyu Tang,&nbsp;Zhisheng Xu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this article, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) was successfully intercalated into kaolinite (Kaol) to prepare a novel synergist named ADP-intercalated kaolinite (K-ADP). The chemical structure of K-ADP was thoroughly characterized using various analytical methods, and then K-ADP was combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to enhance the fire safety of epoxy resins (EPs). The flammability results indicate that the combination of K-ADP and APP exerts super positive effects on reducing the heat release and smoke emission of EPs than the mixture of Kaol and APP. Especially, the EP/8 wt% APP/2 wt% K-ADP has a super LOI value of 33.2% and reaches a UL94 V-0 rating accompanying with a 29.1% reduction in total heat release (THR) and a 72.7% reduction in total smoke production (TSP) compared to pure EP. The morphology and component analyses show that the combination of K-ADP and APP facilitates the formation of more phosphorus-rich crosslinking and aromatic structures in the condensed phase to enhance the compactness and intumescence of char layer, which effectively segregates heat, combustible compounds and smoke particles. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that the combination of K-ADP and APP exerts super char-forming ability in EPs, and the residual weight of EP/8 wt% APP/2 wt% K-ADP at 800°C increases from 7.8% of pure EP to 19.7%. Mechanical test shows that the addition of K-ADP displays the less adverse effect on the mechanical properties of EP composites compared to Kaol due to the better compatibility of K-ADP and epoxy matrix with DSC analysis support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A novel ammonium dihydrogen phosphate-intercalated kaolinite (K-ADP) was synthesized.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APP/K-ADP system exerts super positive effect on reducing fire hazards of EPs.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APP/K-ADP system takes effect in both gas phase and condensed phase.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APP/K-ADP has a satisfying balance between fire safety and mechanical properties in EPs.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"868-879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139555045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient and eco-friendly enhancement of polyvinyl chloride thermal stability: A renewable cinnamate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcite stabilizer","authors":"Xue Mei,&nbsp;Pingping Jiang,&nbsp;Pingbo Zhang,&nbsp;Zhixuan Cui,&nbsp;Shijun Chen,&nbsp;Xunxun Sheng","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the development of green chemistry, PVC thermal stabilizers should be developed in the direction of non-toxic, environmental protection, and high efficiency. This study utilized natural Cinnamic acid to successfully synthesize an eco-friendly and high-performance cinnamate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcite through the coprecipitation method. The structure of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs was analyzed via XRD, IR, SEM, and thermogravimetric analyses. The CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs/PVC sample was thoroughly investigated using multiple techniques, including tests, such as oven aging, thermogravimetric analysis, Congo red analysis, and conductivity analysis. Compared with the commercial thermal stabilizers CaSt₂/ZnSt₂ and CaAl-CO₃-LDHs, CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs demonstrated superior initial whiteness and exceptional long-term thermal stability, it did not completely blacken until 120 min. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the addition of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs could improve the plasticizing performance of PVC. CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs also had a synergistic effect with ZnSt₂, with a static thermal stabilization time of up to 40.5 min. Through HCl absorption experiments to investigate the thermal stabilization mechanism, the results showed that CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs can effectively absorb HCl released during PVC degradation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>By utilizing natural organic Cinnamic acid, Calcium nitrate, and Aluminum nitrate as raw materials, all from a wide range of sources, the reaction process eliminated the need for toxic solvents and a large number of chemicals.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The preparation process of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs was simple and the reaction time was short.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Comprehensive tests showcased the exceptional long-term thermal stability of the CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs/PVC sample.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The addition of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs can improve the plasticizing property of PVC.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The mechanism of CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs was capable of absorbing HCl released during PVC degradation.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"843-854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139518713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural halloysite nanotubes decorated with organophosphorous for highly flame-resistant epoxy composites","authors":"Li Ruan,&nbsp;Dechao Hu,&nbsp;Wenshi Ma","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22088","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Highly flame-resistant epoxy composites have important application value in many industrial fields. Unfortunately, epoxy resins (EPs) are inherently flammable materials and exhibit great fire hazard. In this study, the commercially available 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) was chemically immobilized on the surface of natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) via the linkage of vinyltrimethoxysilane to obtain a novel flame-retardant VD@HNTs containing P/Si/Al elements. It was found that the flame-retardant VD@HNTs can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame resistance of epoxy composites. Typically, when 10% of VD@HNTs is added in EP, the limiting oxygen index of as-prepared VD@HNTs/EP composites reaches 30.3%, and it also successfully reaches V-0 classification in the UL-94 test. Besides, the ignition time of VD@HNTs/EP composites was enhanced from 42 s for pure EP to 60 s, and the maximum heat release rate was reduced from 1221 to 758 kW∙m⁻². These great findings promise an innovative and efficient strategy for improving the fire safety of EP products and may also offer valuable insight toward fabricating various novel organic–inorganic flame retardants as well as highly flame-resistant polymer composites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A novel flame-retardant VD@HNTs containing P/Si/Al elements was prepared by the chemical decoration of HNTs with organophosphorous.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The VD@HNT can effectively improve the thermal stability and flame resistance of epoxy composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of phosphorus-based flame retardants and natural HNTs was classified.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"825-842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139483561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of surface defects in calendered poly(vinyl chloride) sheets using a succinate-capped poly(caprolactone) additive","authors":"Andrew Rideout,&nbsp;Kushal Panchal,&nbsp;Milan Maric,&nbsp;Richard Leask,&nbsp;Jim Nicell","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22087","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22087","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface defects known as “gas checks” often mar the surfaces of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) calendered films. These defects are typically prevented through changes in the calender operating parameters, a costly exercise which also limits the sheet thickness and the production rate. Adding a low concentration of poly(caprolactone) (PCL)-based star-shaped compound can eliminate gas check defects in PVC calendering. The effects of a triheptylsuccinate-terminated PCL with a PCL triol core and number average molecular weight of 540 g/mol (i.e., PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃) has been investigated on the material, thermal, and processing properties of PVC blends containing diisononyl phthalate (DINP) as a primary plasticizer and PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ in low quantities (i.e., 0, 5, or 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr)) as a secondary plasticizer and processing aid. The most significant differences between PVC blends containing PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ and those without are in the rheological properties of the PVC blends at higher temperatures and lower angular frequencies. Under these conditions, PVC blends containing 10 phr of PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ have a complex viscosity nearly three times higher than those containing only DINP. PVC/PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ blends had comparable tensile properties to those containing only DINP, with no significant change in maximum elongation and a small but significant increase of 28% in maximum stress. The addition of PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ made it possible to produce calendered films without gas checks that were twice as thick as those produced in its absence. In addition to reduced wastage of marred films, the increased calender operating range for PVC films containing PCL₅₄₀-[(succ)-C₇]₃ has the potential to significantly reduce energy costs for the calendering of thick PVC films.</p>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"814-824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22087","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}