Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Preparation of thermochromic bioplastic composite filaments for 3D printing process","authors":"Anchan Khankhuean,&nbsp;Kankavee Sukthavorn,&nbsp;Nollapan Nootsuwan,&nbsp;Chatchai Veranitisagul,&nbsp;Apirat Laobuthee","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research aimed to produce thermochromic composite filaments by utilizing poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as a matrix and two distinct thermochromic additives (red and yellow colors). To produce thermochromic composite filaments with ratios ranging from 10 to 40 phr, different quantities of a thermochromic masterbatch were integrated into the PLA matrix through an extrusion process. The physical, mechanical, thermal properties, and thermochromic behavior of the composite filaments were further examined. The results indicated that the thermochromic additives had minimal impact on thermal and mechanical properties, while also revealing a two-phase separation between the smooth matrix and the spherical particle additives in the thermochromic composite filaments. Moreover, the analysis of thermochromic behavior revealed that an increase in the ratio of thermochromic masterbatches led to more pronounced coloration and clearer color changes, especially with red and yellow thermochromics indicating temperature variations below 22°C and over 65°C, respectively. The sample containing 40 phr exhibited the most intense color and noticeable color change. Furthermore, these thermochromic composite filaments can be utilized to 3D print various prototype products.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Thermochromic bioplastic composite filaments for 3D printing were successfully prepared.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The thermochromic behavior analysis unveiled vivid coloration with distinct and more pronounced color changes.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"663-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138631273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ball milling-assisted exfoliation and deposition to prepare few-layer graphene/PVC nanocomposites with enhanced thermal stability","authors":"Jinyun Li,&nbsp;Jingwei Xu,&nbsp;Wenhua Chen,&nbsp;Chen Ma,&nbsp;Guohua Chen","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It is still a great challenge to prepare high-performance graphene/polymer nanocomposites by fully utilizing the large surface area, high tensile strength, and high thermal stability. Herein, a simple but efficient approach based on ball milling was developed to in situ exfoliate graphite into single-layer graphene and simultaneously deposit them onto polyvinyl chloride (PVC) surface. Graphene/PVC nanocomposites were prepared via the plasticized molding and followed by hot pressing. Resulting from incorporation of highly exfoliated and evenly distributed graphene nanosheets, the obtained graphene/PVC nanocomposites displayed a significantly enhanced thermal stability. In contrast with neat PVC, the temperature of maximum weight loss (<i>T</i>_max), glass transition temperature (<i>T</i>_g), and residual content of composite with 2.0 wt% graphene were increased by 10, 13°C, and 4.4%, respectively. Based on the deep analysis on heat releasing behavior and structure of residue, we proposed the related enhancing mechanism. Large-area and highly exfoliated graphene sheets effectively inhibited the heat/mass transfer in composite system and prevented the degradation of PVC, as well as promoted the compact residue formation from polymer itself at high temperatures. In short, this work provided an environmentally friendly strategy to prepare high-performance graphene/polymer nanocomposites with using low additive amount of single-layer graphene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A simple graphite exfoliation method based on ball milling was proposed.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Strong shearing and compact force induce graphene exfoliation and deposition.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Graphene/PVC nanocomposites with enhanced thermal stability was prepared.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"715-726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138585105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active antioxidant and aromatic films blended with persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) and orange peel flour (Citrus sinensis) as sustainable packaging","authors":"Andreza Salles Barone,&nbsp;Julia Rabelo Vaz Matheus,&nbsp;Cláudia Leites Luchese,&nbsp;Mônica Regina da Costa Marques,&nbsp;Ana Maria Furtado de Souza,&nbsp;Willian Hermogenes Ferreira,&nbsp;Ricardo Felipe Alves Moreira,&nbsp;Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante Fai","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22075","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Active antioxidant and aromatic films based on persimmon (<i>Diospyros kaki</i> L.) cultivated according to agroecological precepts with orange peel flour (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) and glycerol addition were developed by casting technique and characterized. The films were largely red and yellow appearance color, indicating a natural tendency to maintain the color of the persimmon pulp ripe. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a homogeneous and compact structure of the films, which obtained a rougher texture with the addition of glycerol. The addition of orange peel flour to the film-forming solution proportionally increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the persimmon puree films. Volatile compounds belonging to different chemical classes were identified, including limonene, β-ionone, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, and vaccenic acid, which influence the overall aroma, as they were detected above their odor thresholds, and the functional properties of these films. Furthermore, the thermogravimetric analysis showed two important degradation steps related to glycerol and pectin (130–230°C) and decomposition of the polymer structure (above 300°C), guaranteeing the processability of the raw materials under conditions of higher temperatures than those normally used in industrial food packaging products in a circular economy context. This study indicates the potential for formation of persimmon-based films incorporated into orange peel flour as active antioxidant films for use in drinks and tea bags as a flavoring or as intermediate layers used between slices of cheese, avoiding direct contact with food, facilitating its separation, as some application examples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Persimmon and orange peel flour films were developed by casting.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Antioxidant and sensorial properties of blended films were evaluated.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Volatile compounds were identified, including limonene and vaccenic acid.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Circular economy principles were used to avoid postharvest fruit losses.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 2","pages":"635-650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of interfacial modification on functional properties of polyethylene and polypropylene—Fibrous silica nanocomposites","authors":"Aziz Fihri,&nbsp;Jevgenij Lazko,&nbsp;Fouad Laoutid,&nbsp;Jérôme Mariage,&nbsp;Julie Passion,&nbsp;Tim Schow,&nbsp;Yassine Malajati,&nbsp;Ruchi Rastogi,&nbsp;Haleema Alamri,&nbsp;Philippe Dubois","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22076","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper reports the results of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) composites containing 5 and 10 wt.% dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) synthesized by a hydrothermal process. The objective of this investigation is to provide a better understanding of the relationship between the structure, composition, matrix-nanofiller interfaces, and the properties of these nanocomposites. These materials have been prepared by twin-screw extrusion and injection molding. Their structural, thermal, mechanical, rheological, and electrical properties were evaluated, both alone and when combined with an organic compatibilizing agent. Findings have shown that the unique morphology of fibrous silica nanoparticles was preserved and not altered by melt processing, indicating the high thermal and mechanical stability of these fibrous materials. The nanocomposites containing DFNS alone exhibited higher mechanical performances compared to those containing the surface modifier, with no observable effect on their thermal properties. Findings also showed that the interactions between the nanoparticles and polymer may influence the functional properties of the final nanocomposites, and that they are dependent on both the nature of the host polymer along with the presence of the surface modifier agent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Well-defined DFNS were successfully prepared.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PE and PP based nanocomposites were successfully designed by twin-screw extrusion.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Good interfacial interactions were obtained with PP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Functional properties of the nanocomposites were influenced by the interfacial adhesion.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"653-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of entire thermal degradation process of polymethyl methacrylate infiltrated with kerosene by a modified artificial neural network","authors":"Yueqiang Wu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Ruiyu Chen,&nbsp;Yitao Liu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Predicting the entire thermal degradation process of solid combustibles infiltrated with flammable liquids is a challenge at present. In the current study, a novel artificial neural network (ANN) framework containing data preprocessing, data normalization and data transformation is proposed to predict the entire thermal degradation process of polymethyl methacrylate infiltrated with kerosene at three scenarios: (1) fixed kerosene mass fraction with various heating rates, (2) fixed heating rate with various kerosene mass fractions, and (3) various kerosene mass fractions with various heating rates. The entire thermal degradation process of scenario (1) can be accurately predicted using the ANN with 2-4-2-1 topology. Using the data transformation formula exp(<i>x</i>₁(1 + <i>x</i>₂) to generate a new input variable based on temperature and kerosene mass fraction, a new ANN with 3-4-2-1 topology can accurately predict the entire thermal degradation process of scenario (2). Two new input variables are generated using the data transformation formula 1/(1 + log((1 + <i>x</i>₁)(1 + <i>x</i>₂))) based on two data sets: (1) kerosene mass fraction and temperature, and (2) heating rate and temperature. The new ANN with 5-4-2-1 topology can accurately predict the entire thermal degradation process at all three scenarios. The new ANN with Levenberg–Marquardt training function and Tanh activation function possesses the best prediction performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Data preprocessing can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of ANN.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ANN with a suitable hidden layer structure has high prediction accuracy.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The new ANN can predict the entire pyrolysis process in various scenarios.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ANN with LM and Tanh has the highest prediction accuracy.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"677-702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of UiO-66-NH2 adsorbed triethyl phosphate: Flame retardancy and smoke suppression for epoxy resins","authors":"Yumeng Cui,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Mengwei Zhou,&nbsp;Yunhong Jiao,&nbsp;Hongqiang Qu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The zirconium-based metal–organic framework material (UiO-66-NH₂) was synthesized by solvothermal method, and its excellent adsorption performance was used to combine it with the phosphorus-based flame retardant triethyl phosphate (TEP) and to improve the flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin (EP). The morphology, chemical composition, and structure of the synthesized flame retardant were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray diffractometer. The cone calorimeter measurement of EP composite materials shows that EP composite materials have good flame retardant and smoke suppression properties. Compared with EP, after the UiO-66-NH₂ flame retardant which adsorbs TEP is added, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke release rate, total smoke production, carbon monoxide release rate, and carbon dioxide release rate of EP composites have been reduced. From the results of thermal analysis and scanning electron microscope, it can be seen that the synthesized flame retardant can act both in the condensed phase and in the gas phase. Thereby, the combustion of the matrix and the diffusion of the toxic gas, smoke and heat generated during the combustion are inhibited, and the flame retardant and smoke suppression effects are achieved.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Make full use of the excellent adsorption performance of MOF.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>TEP was fully adsorbed in UiO-66-NH₂ pores.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>UiO-66-NH₂ in synergy with TEP improves EP flame retardancy.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 3","pages":"703-714"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionic liquids modified MXene as a flame retardant synergist for the unsaturated polyester resin","authors":"Ming Gao,&nbsp;Jiyu Wang,&nbsp;Yilin Gao,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen,&nbsp;Lijun Qian,&nbsp;Zhichuan Qiao","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22066","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>I-MXene with excellent dispersibility was successfully prepared using the chemical grafting method with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF₆) onto MXene. It was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which was added to unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) as a synergistic agent, combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to improve the flame retardancy of composites. Tensile strength of the composites was measured using the electronic universal material testing machine. The results showed that the incorporation of I-MXene was able to increase the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites. The flame retardancy and thermal stability of the composites were investigated through limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), TG and Fourier-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The experimental data showed that the LOI values of I-MXene/APP/UPR composites increased to 29.1%, complying with UL-94V-0 rating. Its peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) were 19.35% and 16.35% lower than those of APP/UPR composites, and the total smoke production (TSP) was reduced by 10.78%. When heated to 800°C, the amount of residual carbon increased by 7.71%. The catalytic effect of I-MXene contributed to the formation of a compact and expanded carbon layer, resulting in further suppression of heat and smoke release.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A new type of modified MXene is obtained.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>It has good dispersivity and synergistic effects.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>It has good flame retardancy and smoke suppression effects.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 2","pages":"530-542"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photochromic properties of novel composites on the base of biopolymers and plasma-modified Mo4O11 and W18O49 nanostructures","authors":"Anna Khlyustova,&nbsp;Anastasia Evdokimova,&nbsp;Valeria Shibaeva,&nbsp;Nikolay Sirotkin","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22071","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22071","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Novel photochromic composites based on biopolymers (polyvinyl alcohol, starch) and Mo₄O₁₁ and W₁₈O₄₉ as the fillers were obtained and characterized. To improve the photochromic properties, molybdenum and tungsten oxide sols were treated by an underwater diaphragm discharge to obtain binary structures of the MoO_x/WO_x and WO_x/MoO_x (2 &lt; x &lt; 3) types. The formation of such oxides was confirmed by TEM, EDX, XRD analysis, and Raman spectroscopy data. Plasma treatment is increased the color intensity and reversibility. The modified sols were incorporated into polymer matrices. Spectral studies have shown that the color of photo-colored composites depends on the chemical structure of the polymer matrix. Mechanical tests have shown the possibility of obtaining hardened or plastic composites depending on the concentration and nature of the filler.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Photochromic polymer composites with W₁₈O₄₉ and Mo₄O₁₁ as fillers were obtained.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Diaphragm discharge used as a tool for sol modification.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>WO_x/MoO_x and MoO_x/WO_x structures have improved photochromic properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Color of irradiated polymer composites depends on chemical structure of polymer.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Mechanical properties are determined by the polymer filler concentration.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 2","pages":"585-595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single-use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication","authors":"Lim Kar Yap,&nbsp;Koay Seong Chun,&nbsp;Chan Ming Yeng,&nbsp;Ong Thai Kiat,&nbsp;Ho Shuh Huey,&nbsp;Ting Chen Hunt,&nbsp;Pang Ming Meng","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22074","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular 3D printing approaches among end-users due to its lower cost, ease of operation, and wide range of material choices. However, the use of composite filament produced from recycled plastic and agriculture waste is still relatively uncommon. This research focuses on developing composite filament from corn husk fiber (CHF) and recycled single-use polypropylene for FFF. In this work, neat recycled polypropylene (rPP) and rPP/CHF composites were extruded into filament for FFF printing. It was observed that increasing the CHF content would reduce the print quality of the parts, as visible air gaps and voids were found on the printed surface and within the layers. Nevertheless, these issues were able to be overcome by adjusting the printing temperature and increasing the extrusion percentage during the printing process. The melt flow index results indicate that a higher CHF content would reduce the melt flow of the extruded rPP/CHF composite during printing, potentially affecting the quality of the printed parts. On the other hand, increasing the temperature enhanced the melt flow of the composite, which was beneficial for the printing process. When a small amount of CHF was added to the rPP, the printed part exhibited the highest tensile strength due to the reinforcing effect of the fibers. However, the tensile strength of printed parts using rPP/CHF composite filament decreased with higher CHF content. Additionally, higher CHF content resulted in printed composite parts that were more rigid and stiffer. It also reduced warpage on the printed specimens made with this composite, but it is important to note that warpage of the printed specimen is not directly correlated to crystallinity caused by nucleating effect of CHF. The rPP/CHF composite filament did exhibit earlier thermal degradation due to the addition of more CHF. However, this should not affect the printing process when temperature not beyond 230°C. This study highlights the potential of utilizing single-use PP and fibers extracted from corn husk as feedstock for 3D printing. The findings expand the possibilities for recycling and employing agricultural waste in sustainable additive manufacturing processes.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Highlights&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;div&gt;\u0000 &lt;ul&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;Utilizes single-use PP and CHF in developing composite filaments, contributing to sustainability and reducing plastic waste.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;li&gt;This research offers a sustainable approach by utilizing waste materials as feedstock for FFF-based 3D printing, which able to reduce the environmental pollution caused by disposal of single-use plastic and promotes recycling practices.&lt;/li&gt;\u0000 &lt;/ul&gt;\u0000 &lt;/div&gt;\u0000 &lt;/secti","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 2","pages":"620-634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing thermal stability, mechanical properties, and flammability of polyvinyl alcohol using amide-functionalized hydrogel and zinc oxide nanoparticles","authors":"Mohsen Hajibeygi,&nbsp;Hesam Moradi,&nbsp;Henri Vahabi","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22070","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>New polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites containing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and a hydrogel were prepared by the solution casting method. ZnO nanoparticles grafted co-polymer (Zn-g-CP) was synthesized through the reaction of ZnO nanoparticles with vinyltriethoxysilane and then the radical co-polymerization with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS). The amide functionalized hydrogel was prepared via an in situ polymerization of acrylamide and N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker in a solution of PVA. The corresponding results indicated that the simultaneous presence of both Zn-g-CP and hydrogel could significantly increase flammability, thermal stability, and the tensile strength of PVA. The results of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) indicated a uniform dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles and an enhanced compatibility with the PVA matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in both N₂ and air atmospheres, indicated that the temperature at 50% mass loss and the char residue values of PVA nanocomposite containing 6 wt% of Zn-g-CP in the presence of hydrogel (PZH12 sample) were enhanced, which was evident by the increased thermal decomposition temperature. The peak of heat release rate (pHRR) value of the PZH12 sample was obtained 56.9% lower than that of the neat PVA demonstrating a significant improvement in flammability behavior. Also, the flame-retardant performance of PZH12 improved, as compared to the pure PVA, with UL-94 V1 rating and LOI of 27.2%. The tensile strength (<i>T</i>_s) and elongation at break (EB) values for the mentioned sample enhanced by 62.5% and 7.2% compared to those of the neat PVA, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Preparation of vinyl functionalized ZnO nanoparticles (VZnO).</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ZnO grafted co-polymer (Zn-g-CP) from a radical polymerization on the VZnO surface.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Preparation of an amide-sulfonated hydrogel in the PVA solution.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The effect investigation of hydrogel and Zn-g-CP on the PVA properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The results exhibited the enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PVA.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"30 2","pages":"570-584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138513820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}