Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Polyvinyl alcohol-carboxymethyl cellulose bionanocomposite films containing ZnO nanoparticles: Structure and characterization","authors":"Fateme Shishegar,&nbsp;Mehdi Haji Abdolrasouli,&nbsp;Amir Babaei","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22207","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22207","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bionanocomposites, due to their unique properties, have attracted significant interest in recent years, particularly for applications in industries, such as food packaging. In this study, we focused on developing and characterizing biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/glycerol blend bionanocomposites containing zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The films were fabricated using the solution-casting method, and the effects of varying ZnO loadings (ranging from 0 to 7 phr) on the bionanocomposites' structural, thermal, mechanical, barrier properties, and surface wettability were investigated using various techniques. Successful integration of ZnO into the polymer matrix was confirmed, with a decrease in the degree of crystallinity observed as ZnO content increased. SEM micrographs revealed a porous morphology due to the chain scission effect of ZnO. TGA indicated a slight reduction in thermal stability, while DMA showed a decrease in the glass transition temperature and storage modulus with ZnO addition. Higher ZnO loadings resulted in increased WVP, attributed to enhanced chain mobility and the hydrophilic nature of ZnO NPs. Tensile testing demonstrated improved elongation at break but decreased tensile strength. The antibacterial assay revealed significant enhancement in antimicrobial activity with increasing ZnO content. The shelf-life study of strawberries indicated the potential of these bionanocomposites for food packaging applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Biodegradable PVA/CMC/glycerol blend bionanocomposites with ZnO NPs were developed.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Characterized structural, thermal, mechanical, barrier, and antimicrobial properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>ZnO NPs reduced the crystallinity and thermal stability of bionanocomposites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Bionanocomposites showed better elongation but lower tensile strength.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>ZnO NPs added antibacterial properties, extending strawberry shelf-life.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 5","pages":"1054-1068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of cardanol acetate and epoxidized cardanol acetate as plasticizers in polylactic acid blown films","authors":"Xinyu Song,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Yunxuan Weng,&nbsp;Zhigang Huang,&nbsp;Caili Zhang","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22219","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22219","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polylactic acid (PLA) is a promising biodegradable material for packaging, but its limited ductility restricts its use. Blending PLA with flexible polyesters can improve ductility but often reduces transparency. To address this, two plasticizers derived from the natural phenolic compound cardanol (CD)—cardanol acetate (CA) and epoxidized cardanol acetate (ECA)—were synthesized to enhance PLA's ductility without compromising transparency. PLA films were plasticized with varying concentrations of CA and ECA using melt mixing-extrusion. The results showed that ECA significantly improved PLA's flexibility and compatibility due to the interactions between its epoxy groups and PLA's carboxyl end groups. PLA-15ECA exhibited a tensile strength of 41.9 MPa and a remarkable elongation at break of 336.6%, compared to pure PLA's 52.1 MPa and 13.7%, respectively. Transparency was maintained (transmittance &gt;85%), and thermal stability was excellent, with only a 2% mass loss after 2 h at 200°C. This study highlights the potential of using natural plasticizers to improve PLA's performance for eco-friendly packaging applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Synthesize cardanol-based plasticizers for PLA's ductility and transparency.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Plasticizer active-group reactivity and solubility are key to PLA modification.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PLA-15ECA has a tensile strength of 41.9 MPa and an elongation at break of 336.6%.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ECA - plasticized PLA films balance strength, toughness, and keep transparency.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 4","pages":"930-943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can lead content be measured by handheld X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to meet REACH regulation?","authors":"Stefano Gardi,&nbsp;Isotta Bonvicini,&nbsp;Michele Costa,&nbsp;Francesca Orsini,&nbsp;Letizia Maria Polci,&nbsp;Gianluca Sarti","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22220","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22220","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lead compounds have long been the most commonly used stabilizers for PVC products, but they are classified as toxic to reproduction category 1A, and their use is restricted in Europe. To promote recycling, the European Union adopted Regulation (EU) 2023/923, which permits the use of recycled rigid PVC (PVC-U) containing up to 1.5% w/w of lead in specific products. This study compares the results obtained from two different handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (HHXRF) devices on samples with known composition, also considering the matrix effect. This kind of evaluation is still missing in the literature. The measurements from both HHXRF devices show that the lead content falls within the 13% of relative inaccuracy range specified for lead in IEC 62321-3-1:2013, the standard currently used for determining lead in electrotechnical products. To assess whether the matrix effect can influence the measurements, two samples were produced by altering only the content of titanium dioxide. The results from both instruments were not significantly different, considering the 13% inaccuracy. In conclusion, HHXRF could be an effective method to determine the lead concentration in its usual dosage in the PVC-U matrix. In case of inconclusive results based on this range, it is recommended to analyze the sample with another, more accurate technique, such as ICP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Statistical evaluation of accuracy of lead in samples with known composition.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Evaluation of significant excess legal concentration.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Prove infringements with fast and massive checks.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 4","pages":"944-956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of polyvinylalcohol-zinc oxide paper ash composite: A novel, sustainable and antimicrobial food packaging material","authors":"Anindita Mukherjee,&nbsp;Rahul Malik,&nbsp;Sunanda Roy,&nbsp;Pradip Kar,&nbsp;Trishna Bal,&nbsp;Barnali Dasgupta Ghosh","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22221","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22221","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper introduces an innovative strategy for preparing sustainable food packaging composite material comprising water-soluble PVA and varied content of antimicrobial ZnO paper ash (0, 1, 5, and 10) wt.%. Following the sustainable approach, the ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized using waste papers in a simple and efficient process. Among the synthesized composites, the PVA/ZnO paper ash (5 wt.%) composite achieved significant antimicrobial efficacy, with inhibition zones of 40 ± 0.01 mm for gram-positive and 37 ± 0.02 mm for gram-negative bacteria. Such an antimicrobial performance surpasses many conventional PVA/ZnO composites. Additionally, the PVA/ZnO paper ash (5 wt.%) composite biodegraded within 40 days and showed excellent renewable properties. The food packaging application of fruit and vegetables was evaluated by monitoring the variation in physical appearance, weight loss rate, and pH conditions. Also, the antifungal test was assessed through the packaging of bread. The packaging tests revealed that while polyethylene (PE) films allowed quick spoilage due to pathogens, the composite packets maintained food freshness, underscoring its superior antimicrobial properties. Therefore, its improved antimicrobial and food preservation properties indicate that the PVA/ZnO paper ash composite is a promising and practical solution for sustainable and antimicrobial food packaging applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Novel PVA/ZnO paper ash composite.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Easy, ecofriendly synthesis of the antimicrobial film by using waste paper as a functional material.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>High antimicrobial property of PVA/ZnO paper ash.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>PVA/ZnO paper ash composite as an effective food packaging system.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Superior antifungal activity of PVA/ZnO paper ash composite.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 5","pages":"1032-1053"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of nano kaolinite as a filler in the coarse wool – vinyl ester composite","authors":"Seiko Jose,&nbsp;Sabu Thomas,&nbsp;Sradha Mariya Thomas,&nbsp;Jesiya Susan George,&nbsp;Anjumol Kidangayil Sali","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22217","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22217","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In comparison with plant fibers, wool is under-exploited in composite applications. Coarse wool with &gt;50 micron diameter is generally not preferred for apparel, blankets, or carpets and remains underutilized. In the reported work, non-textile grade coarse wool fabric was coated with vinyl ester resin (VER), and subsequently, composites were developed. To increase the mechanical properties of the composite, nano kaolinite was introduced as a filler. The effect of various concentrations (0.25, 0.50, 1.0 %) of nano kaolinite (NK) on the physico-mechanical and aging characteristics of the developed composites was investigated. The results inferred that a minor addition of nano kaolinite (0.5%) in the wool + VER composite resulted in an increase of 16% tensile strength, 31% modulus, and 19 % impact strength, respectively. The findings of the dynamic mechanical analysis showed that, with 0.5% nano kaolinite addition, the composite's storage and loss modulus were exhibited as 1.9 and 0.22 GPa, respectively, which are higher than those of the control wool + VER composites (1.1 and 0.15 GPa storage and loss modulus respectively). The SEM images depicted a moderate adhesion between the wool fiber and the vinyl ester resin. The presence of nano kaolinite in the composite results in a marginal reduction in the water contact angle and an increase in the water diffusion properties. The thermal and UV aging properties of the wool-vinyl ester composites were improved with the addition of nano kaolinite; however, the developed composites showed poor soil degradation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Composites were developed with non-textile-grade coarse wool fabric and vinyl ester resin.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>To increase the mechanical properties of the composite, nano kaolinite was utilized.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The effect of nano kaolinite on the properties of the composite was analyzed.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Nano kaolinite significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Most importantly, the aging properties of the composites were substantially improved.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 4","pages":"904-916"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A flower-like morphology in natural rubber latex film binder: Mechanical and antifungal characteristics","authors":"Abdulhakim Masa,&nbsp;Anuwat Worlee,&nbsp;Nureeyah Jehsoh,&nbsp;Nabil Hayeemasae","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22218","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22218","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latex paint is a water-based paint that uses synthetic polymers as a binder. It is widely used for outdoor environments. This has brought fungal growth due to the combination of moisture, organic matter, and environmental conditions. This study proposed a feasibility study on preparing antifungal latex binders based on natural rubber (NR) latex and acrylic emulsion (AE) blends. It started with latex film preparation before applying it as a latex binder. They were prepared with various levels of the antifungal agent, namely triclosan, in the blends. Results exhibited a very unique morphology when imaging through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A flower-like morphology was seen after adding triclosan to the latex films. The prepared films were further characterized in terms of thermomechanical responses to dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and temperature scanning stress relaxation (TSSR). In DMA, there were no significant changes in the glass transition temperatures (<i>T</i>_<i>g</i>) of NR and AE. However, there were obvious changes in the magnitude of the loss tangent (tan δ) over the temperature ranges from −50 to −30 °C and from 70 to 100 °C, where the loss tangent fluctuated due to triclosan. Moreover, triclosan also influenced the antifungal activity of the samples in a dose-dependent manner: the antifungal efficiency increased with the additional level of triclosan. Triclosan is classified as a phenolic antimicrobial agent. Even though triclosan is chemically non-polar, its structure depends on the environment making it adapt to polarity. Therefore, triclosan may penetrate through the cell membrane and inhibit the growth of spores. The overall results supported the feasibility study on the preparation of antifungal latex binders with good mechanical performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>This study prepared latex compounds with good antifungal performance.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A novel flower-like morphology in natural rubber latex was surprisingly observed.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Triclosan kills fungi by disrupting the cell wall and interfering with the lipid components.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Triclosan provides various polarity conditions by rotating its ether bond.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The polarity of Triclosan increased over the bond rotation from 30 to 90 °.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 4","pages":"917-929"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the bactericidal properties of polylactic acid-based 3D filament","authors":"Anyul López-Camacho,&nbsp;María José Grande,&nbsp;Daniel Carazo-Álvarez,&nbsp;M. Dolores La Rubia","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22216","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22216","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The spread of microorganisms is a global challenge for health, the environment, and the economy. Incorporating antibacterial agents into polymeric materials, such as polylactic acid (PLA), is an effective strategy. This study compared the incorporation of metallic (silver) and photocatalytic (titanium dioxide) fillers in 3D printed objects, evaluating their thermal stability, dispersion, crystalline structure, and antibacterial effectiveness. Various characterization techniques were used, including X-ray microfluorescence (μFRX), thermal stability, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), UV spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and agent migration tests, along with antibacterial efficacy. The UV-activated photocatalytic materials showed a durable 99.99% efficacy against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, emerging as a promising material for applications in medical, food, textile, electronic, and transportation sectors, enhancing hygiene through additive manufacturing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Composite materials were made for additive manufacturing in an industrial setting.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Antibacterial activity was tested on surfaces against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>A comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of metallic and photocatalytic loads is done.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Photocatalytic TiO₂ loads with UV activation offer microbial benefits for manufacturing.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 5","pages":"1151-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://4spepublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effect of glycerol/levulinic acid-based bioadditive on enzymatic hydrolysis and plasticization of amorphous and semi-crystalline poly(lactic acid)","authors":"Chiara Siracusa,&nbsp;Luca Lenzi,&nbsp;Filippo Fabbri,&nbsp;Leon Ploszczanski,&nbsp;Paola Fabbri,&nbsp;Davide Morselli,&nbsp;Felice Quartinello,&nbsp;Georg M. Guebitz","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22213","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22213","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Polylactic acid (PLA) is a widely used biopolymer, but its brittleness and limited biodegradability hinder its application as a standalone material. To enhance its properties, PLA can be compounded with plasticizers, ideally nontoxic and from sustainable sources. While phthalates remain the predominant plasticizers, their known harmful effects have led to the development of bio-based alternatives like glycerol trilevulinate (GT). This study investigates the plasticizing effect of GT on amorphous (aPLA) and semi-crystalline (cPLA) PLA, comparing it to the impact that can be achieved with a conventional plasticizer, diisononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). Specifically, GT added at 40 phr reduces the glass transition temperature of aPLA by 20°C and the melting temperature of cPLA by 12°C, whereas DINCH exhibited a more limited effect. Compared to DINCH, GT also demonstrated very low migration in terms of both leaching and volatility. Moreover, GT impacts on the enzymatic depolymerization of the prepared compounds. Specifically, enzymatic hydrolysis tests revealed an enhanced biodegradability of the aPLA/GT compounds, achieving complete degradation within 72 h of incubation, as confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography-based monomer quantification. The cPLA/GT formulations are also susceptible to hydrolysis, showing an increased weight loss from 18% to 31% when 20 phr of GT is added. These outcomes suggest that GT can be used not only to tune the thermal properties but also to significantly promote polyesters biodegradability, envisioning an environmentally friendly management of the PLA-based formulations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A bioplasticizer for amorphous and semi-crystalline PLA is proposed.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Bioplasticizer reduces the glass transition and melting temperature of PLAs.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Bioplasticizer also enhances the enzymatic degradation of semi-crystalline PLA.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Bioplasticizer performance has been compared with a commercial plasticizer.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 4","pages":"869-885"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/vnl.22213","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of diisobutyl aluminum hypophosphite on flame-retarded thermoplastic polyester elastomers composites and its mechanism","authors":"Ming Yang,&nbsp;Yushu Xiang,&nbsp;Zitao Zhang,&nbsp;JinChuan Zhang,&nbsp;Min He,&nbsp;Shuhao Qin,&nbsp;Jie Yu","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22214","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22214","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) is widely used in industries such as healthcare, electronics and electrical appliances, wire and cable sheathing, and automobiles due to its excellent comprehensive properties. However, the extreme flammability significantly restricts its practical applications and further development. To address this issue, an additive, aluminum diisobutylaluminium hypophosphite (APBA), was introduced into TPEE as the flame retardant. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the TPEE composite with 17.5 wt% APBA was increased from 17.5% (pure TPEE) to 33.8%, and the corresponding vertical combustion grade (UL-94) reached V-0 level. In addition, the TPEE/APBA composite materials exhibit relatively good mechanical and electrical insulation properties. The tensile strength was maintained at 10.57 MPa, and volume resistivity increased by 491.47%. According to the result of the gas–solid phase products analysis of the composite, the quenching effect of phosphorus-containing free radicals resulting from APBA was confirmed. Meanwhile, the addition of APBA promoted the formation of a stable, dense, and smooth carbon layer composed of aluminum-containing polyphosphate and graphite structure, thus isolating the oxygen and heat transfer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>TPEE/APBA (17.5 wt%) composite achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating with a high LOI of 33.8%.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>APBA played dual functions in gas and condensed phases as a flame retardant for TPEE.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The flame-retardant mechanism of TPEE/APBA was elucidated.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 4","pages":"886-903"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and functional enhancement of κ-carrageenan films with olive oil for biodegradable active food packaging","authors":"M. Puteri Alia,&nbsp;Han Lyn Foong,&nbsp;Z. A. Nur Hanani","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22215","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the incorporation of olive oil at concentrations of 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% into κ-carrageenan films to improve their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. Olive oil at 4.5% significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) reduced water solubility by 26%, although it also elevated water vapor permeability and opacity. Similarly, 4.5% olive oil also resulted in significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) improvements in light barrier properties, particularly at wavelengths of 200, 280, and 400 nm. While tensile strength decreased with the incorporation of olive oil, elongation at break increased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), enhancing film flexibility. Thermal analysis indicated an elevation in melting temperature, peaking at 104.75°C for films with 4.5% olive oil. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that a 1.5% oil concentration produced the most homogeneous structure. Antioxidant analysis showed increased (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) total phenolic content (22.02 mg GAE/100 g at 4.5% olive oil), with a corresponding rise (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Overall, these enhancements suggest that olive oil not only improves the physical integrity but also adds functional antioxidant benefits to κ-carrageenan films, highlighting their potential for active food packaging applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 \u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Olive oil enhances κ-carrageenan film flexibility and antioxidant properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Increased olive oil reduces solubility but raises water vapor permeability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Higher olive oil concentrations increase film opacity and thermal stability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>Confocal microscopy shows a homogeneous film at low olive oil concentration.</li>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <li>κ-carrageenan-olive oil film is a promising active food packaging material.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":"31 5","pages":"1189-1200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}