Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology最新文献

{"title":"Nanoemulsion-laden poly(vinyl) alcohol hydrogel films for transdermal delivery of carbamazepine","authors":"Manali Rai,&nbsp;Preeti Lakra,&nbsp;Harsh Yadav,&nbsp;Sabyasachi Maiti","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22116","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22116","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is an unmet demand for transdermal devices that can deliver large dose of medications through the skin. Herein, nanoemulsion-based poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) transdermal hydrogel films were developed for the high-dose anti-epileptic drug carbamazepine. A stable nanoemulsion was created with almond oil, Tween 60, and amphiphilic locust bean gum. The nanoemulsion had a hydrodynamic diameter of 251 nm, a polydispersity of 10.3%, and a zeta potential of −51.2 mV. Carbamazepine-loaded nanoemulsion was blended with carbamazepine-free PVA dispersion and casted into films. To accommodate a high dose, carbamazepine-loaded nanoemulsion was trapped in a PVA dispersion containing carbamazepine to create transdermal films. The physicochemical characteristics and drug penetration characteristics of the produced films were compared. Both films had the uniform thickness, weight, and drug content. The folding endurance was found to be greater than 700 in both cases. Water vapor permeability decreased when carbamazepine was added to almond oil as well as polymer dispersion. FESEM pictures revealed a waxy paper-like appearance for the PVA hydrogel film with dual drug-reservoirs. FTIR spectra assessment revealed a hydrogen bonding interaction between PVA and carbamazepine. X-ray diffraction examination revealed that the film contained an amorphous dispersion of carbamazepine. Dual carbamazepine reservoir-based films outperformed single nanoemulsion drug reservoir-based films in terms of drug flux through excised rat skin by 3.2 times. The in vitro skin permeation findings corresponded well to zero order kinetic models. Overall, this study showed that a high-dose drug could be placed on nanoemulsion-based transdermal PVA hydrogel films, resulting in improved skin permeability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Nanoemulsion was stable at almond oil:Tween 60/modified gum ratio of 5:5.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Loading of high dose carbamazepine in nanoemulsion-PVA transdermal films.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Film of dual carbamazepine reservoir showed low water vapor permeation, moisture retention.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Flux of carbamazepine from films improved three times through excised rat skin.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-response optimization of characteristics for graphite reinforced biodegradable PVA-fumaric acid cross-linked composite: A gray-fuzzy logic-based hybrid approach","authors":"Saurabh Kafaltiya,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar Agrawal,&nbsp;Pragya Sharma,&nbsp;V. K. Singh,&nbsp;Jitendra Bhaskar,&nbsp;Sakshi Chauhan,&nbsp;Akarsh Verma","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22112","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the current investigation, enhancement in the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and decrement in the moisture absorption capabilities of polyvinyl alcohol was observed by cross-linking it with different weight percentages (wt. %) of fumaric acid and reinforcing them along with sulfuric acid-modified graphite particles. The effects of altering the cross-linking duration and fumaric acid wt. % were investigated in the resulting composite using the Taguchi L16 experimental design method. As in this contemporary era of rapid industrial expansion and fierce competition, the primary goals of manufacturers revolve around the production of high-quality goods at optimal costs within a specified timeframe. Therefore, to save both cost and time, the authors have utilized a technique known as “gray-fuzzy optimization” to balance competing goals between mechanical (toughness, elongation and strength) and physical (water intake capacity) attributes. The present approach aimed to reduce the experimentation expenses and increase the effectiveness of composite manufacturing by considerably reducing the intricacy of practical multi-response optimization issues. Response graphs and analysis of variance tests were also utilized to calculate the percentage contribution of the input variables and provide model significance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Polyvinyl alcohol is cross-linked with different weight percentages (wt. %) of fumaric acid, and reinforced them with sulfuric acid-modified graphite particles.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Enhancement in mechanical properties, thermal stability, and decrease in moisture absorption capabilities were perceived for the fabricated composite.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Effects of altering the cross-linking duration and fumaric acid wt. % were investigated in the resulting composite using the Taguchi L16 experimental design.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Gray-fuzzy optimization technique was utilized to balance competing goals between water intake and mechanical attributes like toughness, elongation and strength.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Response graphs and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were also utilized to evaluate the percentage contribution of input variables and provide model significance.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing 3D printing sustainability: Reinforcing thermoplastic polyurethane with recycled polyurethane foam for durable applications in orthopedic footwear","authors":"Toaa Salama Mohamed,&nbsp;Ehssan Nassef,&nbsp;Ashraf Morsy,&nbsp;Hassan A. Ewais,&nbsp;Ahmed H. Abdel-Salam,&nbsp;Ahmed Morsy,&nbsp;Nabil Mahmoud Abd El-Moneim","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22109","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22109","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study seeks to advance the realm of 3D printing through the exploration of fabricating polymer matrix composite objects using recycled materials, with a particular emphasis on bolstering durability. Characterization was carried out by integrating polyurethane foam (PUF) residues into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites at different concentrations (ranging from 3% to 10% wt/wt), which are frequently employed in 3D printing. The chemical functions were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while thermal stability was measured through thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology characterized of the material via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and density measurement identified that the surface roughness and void content of the PUF/TPU composite materials was a significant factor affecting the measured mechanical properties. Experimental results indicate that higher PUF content enhances filament properties and the resultant 3D printed products, showcasing a reduction in both the density and melt index of the produced filament by 15.9% and 34.4%, respectively, with the addition of 5% wt./wt. PUF residues to TPU. Additionally, there was a notable increase in Young's modulus of the produced filament by 79.9% and maximum stress by 12.7%, while elongation at break was reduced by 24.9%. Furthermore, the study highlights the sustainability advantages of utilizing recycled PUF, contributing to waste reduction and associated cost savings. Recycled PUF emerges as a cost-effective additive for synthesizing 3D polymeric materials, holding promise for diverse applications such as orthopedic footwear, leveraging the desirable attributes of TPU.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Recycled (PUF)/TPU composites for 3D printing, enhancing durability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>PUF content improves filament properties, reducing density and melt index.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Young's modulus and maximum stress of produced filament increases.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Utilizing recycled PUF reduces waste and promises sustainability.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride: Novel organic-modified cinnamate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcite as a high-efficiency thermal stabilizer","authors":"Xue Mei,&nbsp;Pingping Jiang,&nbsp;Pingbo Zhang,&nbsp;Zhixuan Cui,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Zhu,&nbsp;Shijun Chen,&nbsp;Xunxun Sheng,&nbsp;Jingang Gao,&nbsp;Hang Gao","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To make the hydrotalcite uniformly dispersed in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and enhance its thermal stability, cinnamate-intercalated calcium aluminum hydrotalcite (CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs) underwent organic modification with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyethylene glycol (CTAB/SDS/PEG). The structures of modified hydrotalcite were characterized using x-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, particle size analysis, and water contact angle test. The thermal stability was assessed through thermal aging oven experiment, Congo Red experiment, and thermogravimetric experiment, revealing their exceptional performance. Simultaneously, the synergistic effect of PEG-LDHs with auxiliary thermal stabilizers was examined, with epoxy soybean oil proving to be the most effective, which made the PVC sample incompletely black within 120 min. Mechanical properties and dynamic thermomechanical analysis indicated that the overall mechanical characteristics of the PVC samples with modified hydrotalcite were significantly superior to the unmodified CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs. Additionally, the optical performance test demonstrated excellent transparency in the PEG-LDHs/PVC sample. Through analyzing the thermal stability mechanism, it was indicated that hydrotalcite effectively absorbed HCl. Furthermore, the combination of PEG-LDHs and ESO replaced unstable Cl atoms and reacted with conjugated double bonds, thereby reducing the aging and discoloration of PVC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The modified hydrotalcite preparation process was simple and easy to operate.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The CTAB/SDS/PEG-LDHs/PVC samples exhibited excellent thermal stability.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Mechanical properties of the PVC samples with modified hydrotalcite were significantly superior to the unmodified CaAl-cinnamate-LDHs.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving isotactic polybutene-1 performance with diatomaceous earth filler and a novel reversible crosslinking reaction agent","authors":"Abdelbasset Abdessamad Reguig,&nbsp;Said Bouhelal","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22110","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the application of a novel approach involving reversible crosslinking reaction agent (RXR) and diatomaceous earth to enhance the properties of isotactic polybutene-1 (PB-1) resin. The present study diverges from conventional methods by focusing on the combined effects of these two additives on various attributes, including rheological, mechanical, thermal, structural, and morphological properties. A unique crosslinking approach involving a combination of sulfur, accelerator, and peroxide was employed to change the surface of diatomaceous earth, yielding promising results. The rheological investigations revealed that the RXR agent led to a substantial increase in viscosity as a result of a crosslinking reaction, while diatomaceous earth had a minimal impact. The incorporation of both compounds led to a significant reduction in mechanical properties. The addition of diatomaceous earth filler demonstrated anti-nucleating characteristics, leading to a reduction in both the temperature at which crystallization occurs and the extent of crystallinity. In contrast, the RXR agent has demonstrated an increase in crystallization temperature. The use of diatomaceous earth filler led to a substantial enhancement in thermal stability. Furthermore, FTIR and WAXS analysis revealed that neither diatomaceous earth nor the RXR agent caused significant alterations in crystalline modification. The SEM micrographs revealed the clustering of diatomaceous earth filler, which is likely due to inadequate interactions between the filler and the matrix, explaining the decrease in mechanical characteristics that was found.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>RXR increases viscosity significantly via crosslinking.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Both agents decrease mechanical properties.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Diatomaceous earth reduces crystallization temperature and degree.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Diatomaceous earth filler enhances thermal stability in PB-1 resin.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140837538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving fire safety of thermoplastic poly(ether ester) elastomer by black phosphorus nanosheets and aluminum diethylphosphinate system","authors":"Shijie Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Li,&nbsp;Jiuhong Liu,&nbsp;Jinpeng Song,&nbsp;Qing Yu,&nbsp;Liang Song,&nbsp;Guiqing Cheng,&nbsp;Zhongwei Wang,&nbsp;Yuxi Han","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22108","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22108","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thermoplastic poly(ether ester) elastomer (TPEE) is a highly flammable material with severe melt-dropping, which greatly limits its range of applications. Here, black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (ADP) were used to improve the fire safety of TPEE for the first time. Results demonstrated that ADP/BPs as a synergistic combination exhibits good dispersity and excellent flame retardancy, also has minimal negative effects on the mechanical performances of the TPEE composites. By comparing TPEE/ADP-22 and TPEE/ADP-10/BPs-4, the introduction of BPs significantly reduced the addition of ADP while keeping the material at the higher vertical burning grade, ~54.5% reduction in ADP usage. Compared with neat TPEE, TPEE/ADP-10/BPs-4 fulfilled V-0 level, avoided dripping, and the limiting oxygen index value increased to 34.0%. Moreover, TPEE/ADP-10/BPs-4 performed the best in cone calorimetry test, both the peak heat release rate and total heat release reduced the largest, by 44.2% and 25.3%, respectively. The detailed studies of the flame-retardant mechanism found that ADP/BPs showed the fire-retardant impact of the condensed phase and gaseous phase. This work expands BPs in the flame-retardant application and could facilitate to prepare the anti-dripping flame-resistant TPEE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>BPs as an efficient flame retardant were added into TPEE for the first time.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ADP/BPs as a synergistic combination has an excellent fire-retardant effect.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The introduction of BPs significantly reduced the addition of ADP.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>TPEE/ADP-10/BPs-4 showed the highest FPI and the lowest FGI.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ADP/BPs has lowest negative effects on the mechanical performances of matrix.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140810756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro/nano fillers for value-added polymer composites: A comprehensive review","authors":"Arulmozhivarman Joseph Chandran,&nbsp;Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,&nbsp;Indran Suyambulingam,&nbsp;Suchart Siengchin","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22106","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22106","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The need for new sustainable engineering materials using polymer composites is evolving every day. Researchers are in a race to develop value-added products from natural renewable sources and discarded waste materials. Studies indicate several hurdles while trying to provide ecologically friendly materials for product manufacturing over the years. Natural materials are more readily available, biodegradable, more affordable, have less processing health hazards, and are more environmentally friendly than synthetic materials. As the price of commercial polymers decreased, the incorporation of fillers became increasingly necessary for technical reasons.. The market for polymers can actually be expanded by appropriately combining fillers and polymers to produce a wide range of qualities in these two components. This review provides an overview on a variety of organic and inorganic fillers which were incorporated into the polymer composites and their influence on the physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites by various characterization methods and their In fact, it is possible to achieve a wide range of qualities in these two components by appropriately combining polymers and fillers, which expands the market for which polymers may be employed.application scopes. This review aims to thoroughly examine and assess various polymer and filler combinations, with a particular emphasis on their potential suitability for a range of engineering and industrial applications. These encompass microelectronics, biomedical fields, flexible electronics, flame retardant uses, food packaging, automotive and aerospace sectors, as well as applications within the construction industry for structural and semi-structural purposes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>New polymer composite engineering materials with long-term sustainability</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Value-added product development from renewable resources and discarded waste materials.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Provide information to select appropriate reinforcements for composite manufacturing.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Diverse discussion on the application of fillers and their composites.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140805777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and application of environmental plasticizers based on benzene polyacid ester","authors":"Xiaoyuan Zhu,&nbsp;Pingping Jiang,&nbsp;Yan Leng,&nbsp;Minjia Lu,&nbsp;Zhihao Lv,&nbsp;Yuchao Li,&nbsp;Zhenhua Li","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22105","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22105","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, trimellitic anhydride, 2-propylheptanol and 2-ethylhexanol as raw materials, four kinds of environmental plasticizers were prepared, which were used as additives for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. Compared with commercially available di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP), di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DOTP), and tributyl citrate (TBC), the application performance and plasticizing performance were compared. The structure of the target product was analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to verify the fingerprint region of the molecular structure of the product. The properties of plasticized PVC films were tested by thermal weight loss analysis, oven thermal aging test, migration and volatility resistance test, DMA analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The plasticizing mechanism was confirmed through quantum chemical calculations, and the results of the calculations were in line with the migration outcomes. The results showed that compared with commercially available plasticizers, benzene polyacid ester plasticizers had better thermal stability, and better cold resistance in the polar environments, suitable for high-temperature and water-based environments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The four plasticizers prepared in this study were compared with reference plasticizers, and the plasticizing mechanism was validated through quantum chemical calculations.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>The PVC film plasticized with benzene polyacid ester prepared in this study demonstrates outstanding thermal stability, surpassing certain plasticizers reported in current literature.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Benzene polyacid esters plasticized PVC film has migration stability under various conditions, it has great potential in packaging and other applications.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140654182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of ZIF-8 as vulcanization additive to optimize natural rubber composites to lower the amount of ZnO","authors":"Yujie Yang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Qiao,&nbsp;Xinpeng Fan,&nbsp;Shuangquan Liao,&nbsp;Zhenfan Sun","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22103","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22103","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) is widely used as an activator in the vulcanization process of natural rubber. However, due to its poor compatibility with natural rubber, a large amount of ZnO needs to use, and the unreacted ZnO can precipitate in various ways, posing significant harm to aquatic organisms and microorganisms. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the dosage of ZnO in order to minimize its environmental impact. In this study, we applied ZIF-8, a zinc-based metal–organic framework, as a vulcanization additive in natural rubber. and it was found that ZIF-8 could promote the rubber vulcanization reaction by adsorbing sulfur, promoting sulfur ring-opening, and providing different ligand interactions of Zn²⁺. Moreover, even at low usage levels of ZIF-8, it effectively reduces the amount of ZnO while simultaneously improving the mechanical properties of the samples. This work provides an effective method to reduce the amount of ZnO without sacrificing the rubber properties and provides a new idea for the application of ZIF-8 in rubber materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>ZIF-8 enhances properties of natural rubber composites with low ZnO dosages.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Revealing the reason why ZIF-8 promotes the vulcanization of natural rubber.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Investigation of the effect of ZIF-8 on the vulcanization properties of natural rubber.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of toughness and flame retardation for cyanate ester composites through hyperbranched polyborosiloxane","authors":"Bin Wei,&nbsp;Rui Liu,&nbsp;Guoquan Qi,&nbsp;Guangpeng Feng,&nbsp;Zheng Li,&nbsp;Yifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Hongxia Yan","doi":"10.1002/vnl.22102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/vnl.22102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excellent flame resistance is supposed to be taken into consideration for electronic packaging materials due to the spontaneous combustion of short circuits, except for good mechanical and dielectric properties. Herein, a hyperbranched polyborosiloxane (HPSiB) flame retardant was synthesized via a simple one-pot transesterification as a multifunctional additive for cyanate ester (CE) resin. The HPSiB with many active terminals features good compatibility with the resin matrix, while catalyzing the curing reaction that conducts at a lower temperature. With as little as 2 wt% HPSiB incorporated, the HPSiB/bisphenol A cyanate ester (BADCy) resin achieves a UL-94 V0 rating and 32.4% LOI value, and its peak heat release and total smoke production are simultaneously reduced. Its flexural strength and impact strength were significantly enhanced by 30.0% and 85.4%. Besides, the minimum values of dielectric constant and loss can reach 2.77 and 0.0024 at 10 GHz, which are, respectively, reduced by 7.9% and 88.5%. The integration of unique hyperbranched Si<span></span>O<span></span>B backbone of HPSiB with CE crosslinked network was responsible for the enhanced overall performance. This work paves a facile strategy to develop multifunctional flame retardant as a promising candidate for the high-performance electronic packaging materials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Highlights</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <div>\u0000 <ul>\u0000 \u0000 <li>A novel hyperbranched polyborosiloxane flame retardant was synthesized.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>HPSiB shows good compatibility and catalyzes the curing reaction of CE resin.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>HPSiB/CE resin with significantly enhanced flame retardancy was obtained.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Simultaneously high toughness and low dielectric loss were achieved.</li>\u0000 \u0000 <li>Hyperbranched structure containing Si<span></span>O<span></span>B chains led to the great enhancement.</li>\u0000 </ul>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":17662,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140324893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}