Use of Syzygium cumini biomass as reinforcing filler in polyvinyl chloride and their antibacterial and biodegradation properties

This study explores the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass derived from Syzygium cumini seeds (S. Cumini) as an eco-friendly reinforcing filler for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) composites. The need for sustainable and biodegradable materials in polymer applications motivated this work, particularly to address environmental concerns associated with conventional PVC. Composite films with varying concentrations of S. Cumini seed filler were prepared using solution casting technique. The structural integrity and interactions within the composites were confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The SEM analysis showed an average particle size of 6–14 μm and also revealed the modifications in morphology upon filler addition. Biodegradability was assessed using hydrolytic degradation and soil-burial tests, indicating enhanced environmental compatibility compared to pure PVC. The hydrophilicity of the composites improved, as indicated by an increasing in the water contact angle from 79.4° (hydrophilic) to 107° (hydrophobic). Suppressed S. aureus activity of the PVC composite film has shown its antimicrobial behavior. These properties suggest that S. Cumini – reinforced PVC composites can serve as promising materials for polymer-based medical devices, offering enhanced resistance to bacterial contamination while addressing sustainability challenges.

Highlights

• Lignocellulosic biomass S. Cumini was used as reinforcing filler in PVC films.
• S. Cumini extract improved the antimicrobial properties of the films.
• Hydrolytic dehydration and soil-burial tests showed enhanced biodegradability.
• Hydrophilicity increased, as evidenced by a rise in the water contact angle.
• Better bacterial resistance enhances the use in polymer-based medical devices.