Sabrina Baaziz, Rima Sadeddine, Faycal Zeroual, Ahmed Benakhla, Souad Righi
{"title":"Canine leishmaniasis in Maghreb countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Sabrina Baaziz, Rima Sadeddine, Faycal Zeroual, Ahmed Benakhla, Souad Righi","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.jvbd_2_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.jvbd_2_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with Leishmania infantum and transmitted by female phlebotomine sandflies. It is prevalent in the Mediterranean basin, including the Maghreb region which comprises of Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco. The environmental conditions in this area provide a suitable habitat for the proliferation of the phlebotomine sandfly, making it an endemic region for CanL. In this context, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of canine leishmaniasis in these three Maghreb countries, identifying the risk factors for L. infantum infection. Data were collected from 27 papers published between 1973 and 2022 selected from five databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ScienceDirect and Scopus. Our selection criteria included both descriptive and analytical studies on canine leishmaniasis in Maghreb, as well as epidemiological studies that reported the prevalence of leishmaniasis infection. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (RevMan) software version 5.4.1. based on predefined inclusion criteria. A total of 11,736 dogs were included in the analysis, among which 2481 were tested Leishmania positive cases. Over the years, the highest prevalence (68.32%) was recorded in Tiaret (Algeria) and the lowest (4.3%) in Tunisia. The examination of the risk factors revealed a heightened incidence of the disease in dogs of shepherd breeds, living in rural environments, displaying no apparent symptoms, and falling within the age range of 2 to 4 years. The findings presented in this study contribute a significant value to the exploration of leishmaniasis in this region, particularly by shedding light on the associated risk factors. Ultimately, substantial endeavors are warranted to enhance prevention, treatment, and overall control of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 4","pages":"515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142750865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spatiotemporal, demographic, and climatic drivers of malaria transmission in the endemic setting of Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study.","authors":"Ahmad Y Alqassim","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.jvbd_38_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JVBD.jvbd_38_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Despite progress, malaria remains endemic in Jazan, Saudi Arabia necessitating epidemiological research to guide elimination strategies. This study analyzed recent surveillance data to elucidate drivers of sustained transmission. A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted using malaria surveillance data from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia over a 3-year period from January 2018 to December 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Deidentified records of all confirmed malaria cases reported across Jazan during the study period were obtained from Jazan Department of Health infectious disease surveillance system. Additional meteorological data was acquired to assess climatic correlates. The final analysis included 5255 confirmed cases that met the completeness criteria for key variables. Descriptive statistics characterized cases across demographic factors and spatial and temporal distributions. Correlations and linear regression modeling identified associations between monthly cases and weather parameters mapping visualized geographic patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 5255 confirmed cases, most were concentrated in Baish sector (50.8-72.0% annually), affected adult male foreigners (93.8-97.0%), peaked inconsistently across seasons, and were imported (85.4-94.9%). Non-Saudi nationalities had 6-fold higher incidence versus Saudi citizens in 2020 (677.6 vs 23.1 per 100,000). Monthly cases associated negatively with temperature (p=0.015) and positively with windspeed (p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Malaria persistence in Jazan involves geographic and demographic hotspots driven by imported infections and climate effects on vectors. Tailored programming aligned with evolving local dynamics will be essential to sustain elimination gains. Surveillance, optimized interventions, and flexible adaptation to high-risk locations and/or populations and meteorological influences are key priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"614-621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa Basu, Biplab Bhowmik, Aparajita Pal, Priya Roy, Bipasa Dey, Riya Mondal, Chayanika Roy, Labani Halder
{"title":"Drugs resistance and new strategies of prevention against Malaria: An ongoing battle.","authors":"Lisa Basu, Biplab Bhowmik, Aparajita Pal, Priya Roy, Bipasa Dey, Riya Mondal, Chayanika Roy, Labani Halder","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_72_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_72_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From ancient times until 21st century, Malaria has remained a fatal disease. It causes death in many poor and developing countries. Excluding vector control, Antimalarial drugs are the most reliable and effective weapon to tackle this severe disease. The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium spp. becomes a barrier in Malaria elimination program as there has been no effective antimalarial vaccine till today. Apart from artemisinin, most of the antimalarial drugs have become resistant against malaria at present. Although, reduced efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has also been reported from southeast regions of Asia. Mutation of some genes within the parasite play a vital role in this drug resistance. Therefore, malaria is still a prime threat to human death and an unsolved problem. Newly emerging approaches like, vaccine development, plants based antimalarial drugs, nanoparticles, next generation antimalarial drugs should be taken & supported. In addition to that, public awareness is much needed for understanding the fatality of the disease and for encouraging self-protection and early treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sevidzem Silas Lendzele, Poungou Natacha, Mintsa Nguema Rodrigue, Jacques François Mavoungou
{"title":"A review of loiasis and its vectors in Gabon.","authors":"Sevidzem Silas Lendzele, Poungou Natacha, Mintsa Nguema Rodrigue, Jacques François Mavoungou","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_78_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_78_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Loiasis colloquially known as tropical eye worm is a neglected tropical helminthic disease that affects the rural poor population of Gabon. A systematic review of 51 documents (45 peer reviewed papers and six dissertations) over four decades has documented many knowledge gaps on loiasis and its vectors. Higher prevalence and high microfilaremia is typical wherever Chrysops vectors occur. The two main vectors were C. silacea and C. dimidiata along with the savanna species C. longicornis. The two main vectors were only caught around forested national parks at low density (<1 Chrysops per trap per day). Chrysops longicornis was trapped in the savanna zone at higher numbers at a cattle ranch in Nyanga province. Leukoconcentration and Field's stain for L. loa diagnosis performed well as diagnostic tools. However, studies on diagnostic efficacy remain scant, and no study has focused on the evolution of L. loa at the wildlife-human interface of Gabon.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hemlata Srivastava, Bhavna Gupta, Mohammad Irfan Ali, Sarmad Moin
{"title":"Transmission regulating immune genes- a potential strategy to control vector borne disease.","authors":"Hemlata Srivastava, Bhavna Gupta, Mohammad Irfan Ali, Sarmad Moin","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_157_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_157_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>More than 1 million people die every year from vector-borne diseases, which constitute more than 17% of all infectious diseases. This study's primary focus is on the detailed evolutionary history and expression analysis of immune genes, one of the key gene families in the immune system of vectors that play a role in the regulation and interaction of parasites in vector bodies, particularly the mosquitoes that transmit malaria and dengue, significant vector borne disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The vector potentiality and participation of TLR genes in vector parasite interaction in the Indian context will be explained by the differential expression study of this potential gene family in Indian populations of vector species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This knowledge is supportive undoubtedly for creating new pharmacological targets and inhibitors that can create insect-based transmission stopping techniques for many vector-borne diseases.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>However, the genetic diversity was found to be comparatively lower in the Toll1A gene than in the NOS immune gene in the malaria vector An. minimus population samples which supports the hypothesis of positive selection in recent evolutionary time scale in malaria vectors. This is one of the novel strategies to identify transmission regulating genetic traits that are controlling the vector-parasite interaction and co-evolution in vector borne disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of spinosad on dengue vector mosquito, Aedes albopictus and bancroftian filariasis vector mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens.","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Fange Meng, Hui Xu, Ling Wei, Yongming Wang, Xiao Huang, Dong Wang","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_58_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_58_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Aedes albopictu and Culex pipiens pallens are important vectors of many viruses and have had resistance to chemical pesticide. Spinosad is a selective biological insecticide to control urban mosquito. The aim of this study was to reveal the sublethal effects of spinosad on mosquito and provide reference basis for integrated mosquito management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The toxicity of spinosad against Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens pallens were determined under laboratory conditions by exposing early third-instar larvae to different concentrations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The LC50 values of spinosad to Ae. albopictus and Cx. Pipiens pallens larvaes were 4.44×10-3 mg∙L-1 and 1.93×10-3 mg∙L-1 respectively after 72 h exposure. Spinosad at sublethal concentrations has many negative effects on Ae. albopictus and Cx. Pipiens pallens larval, pupae, adult and offspring eggs, including significantly reduced their larvae pupation rate by 51.37% and 58.47%, significantly prolonged pupae length by 21.43% and 16.18%, reduced female wing-spans by 20.19% and 14.89%, reduced male wing-spans by 3.84% and 7.54%, reduced female weight by 29.04% and 31.52%, reduced male weight by 7.47% and 9.07%, reduced female and male ratio by 51.98% and 45.21%, reduced individual egg-laying amount by 15.73% and 35.51%, in addition, offspring egg hatchability were dramatically decreased by 25.71% and 34.04%, egg periods were significantly prolonged by 14.42% and 62.82% respectively. No significant effect on larval period, pupae emergence rate, female bite rates were observed.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that spinosad might affect pest population dynamics significantly and is fairly expected to be a candidate biological pesticide for mosquito control.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular identification and genetic diversity of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the tropical environment on Hainan Island, China.","authors":"Yaj Lu, Jie Su, Shi Cheng, Yax Hu, Qianf Xia","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_100_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_100_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Biting midges are hematophagous arthropods responsible for zoonotic infectious diseases and have a wide distribution in temperate and tropical latitudes of the world.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The genomic DNA of midge samples was extracted using the Chelex method and the ITS1gene was amplified by PCR to identify the midge species via BLAST. The sequence characteristics and the genetic diversity were analyzed using ClustalOmega, DnaSP, Arlequin, PopART, and TCS software tool. The validity of the ITS1 gene as a DNA barcode marker was evaluated using DAMBE. The phylogenetic relationship was established in the MEGA software. The ABGD web determined the species boundary and the SDT software visualized the pairwise sequence comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 midge samples possessed the range from 364 to 429 bp of the ITS1 sequences. The midge samples were identified as Culicoides imicola, Culicoides oxystoma, Culicoides peregrinus, Culicoides jacobsoni, Forcipomyia peregrinator, and Culicoides fulvus, respectively. The ITS1 sequences had 288 conserved sites (60.25%), 167 variable sites (34.94%), 141 parsimony-informative sites (29.50%), and 26 singleton sites (5.44%), with a considerable sequence variation with a high haplotype diversity. Populations in Lingao, Haikou, Tunchang were relatively independent, with a low level of gene flow. A separate population of Forcipomyia genus in Danzhou was observed.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The biting midges in Hainan, a tropical island, had abundant genetic diversity. Timely surveillance is a crucial control measure for the spread of midge-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predominance of DENV-3 among patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.","authors":"Abdoul Karim Ouattara, Shoukrat Ohuwa Toyin Bello, Alphonsine Ouédraogo, Lassina Traoré, Florencia Wendkuuni Djigma, Jacques Simporé","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_68_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_68_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue is an emerging vector-borne viral disease in tropical and subtropical areas such as Burkina Faso that experienced dengue outbreak in, 2013, 2016, 2017 and more recently in 2023. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and dengue serotype in suspected patients in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted during October and November 2023 and included suspected febrile patients seen at HOSCO and CERBA. Plasma or serum samples were used for the detection of non-structural proteins (NS1) and IgM and IgG antibodies against the dengue virus using SD Bioline Dengue Duo rapid detection kit. Viral RNA was extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit and dengue serotypes were determined by real-time RT-PCR using the Dengue Real-TM Genotype kit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population consisted of 896 patients, including 397 (44.3%) men and 499 (55.7%) women. Dengue seroprevalence was 16.5% (148/896) with 14.1% (126/896) of patients positive for the NS1 antigen, 1.3% (12/896) positive for IgM, and 2.7% (24/896) positive for IgG. Serotyping among 40 out of 45 positive patients revealed 77.5% (31/40) DENV-3, 17.5% (7/40) DENV-1, and 5.0% (2/40) DENV-2.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The present study report a high seroprevalence of dengue virus infection among patients during the months considered as the peak of infection in Burkina Faso. The results revealed a predominance of DENV-3. Continuous surveillance of dengue virus serotypes circulating in Burkina Faso is crucial.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vidhi K Gohel, Hiral M Gadhavi, Hitesh K Shingala, Swati D Jethva
{"title":"A study on evaluation and correlation of serological methods and platelet count for diagnosis of dengue virus infection.","authors":"Vidhi K Gohel, Hiral M Gadhavi, Hitesh K Shingala, Swati D Jethva","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_45_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_45_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue is arthropod-borne, acute potentially fatal viral infection, endemic in many tropical and sub-tropical countries having public health threat globally in recent era. Effective and prompt diagnosis is very essential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with severe form. Diagnosis by dengue-specific markers like Non-Structural protein 1 antigen or IgM/IgG antibody by serological method is the choice of investigation and the most widely used non-specific biomarker is platelet count. To evaluate and correlate results of two serological diagnostic methods (Dengue NS1 Antigen and Dengue IgM antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and with platelet count for diagnosis of Dengue infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional study for duration of 6 months from April 2022 to September 2022. Total 4063 serum samples of dengue suspected patients were tested according to duration of illness by ELISA for presence of NS1 Ag (≤5 days of illness) or IgM antibody (>5 days of illness).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>393/4063 were detected positive by either method (NS1/IgM) and majority of patients were diagnosed between 3-8 days of illness. 248/2250 were tested positive for dengue NS1-Ag only, while 145/1813 were seropositive by dengue IgM only. Thrombocytopenia (platelet counts <100000/mm3) found in 301/393 seropositive cases which was also observed in NS1 (207/248 cases) and IgM (94/145 cases) seropositive patients.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Dengue specific parameters (NS1/IgM detection) in combination with platelet count helps in accurate, timely diagnosis and better monitoring in clinical management of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current prospects of green-metallic nanoparticles in mosquito control: A brief review.","authors":"Monalisa Pramanik, Priya Roy","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_17_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_17_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) transmit many pathogens and parasites such as viruses, bacteria, protozoans and nematodes, which cause serious diseases such as malaria, dengue, yellow and Chikungunya fever, encephalitis or filariasis etc. Traditionally, control of these mosquitoes has relied on the use of several chemical insecticides. These insecticides have been used to control the various life stages of mosquitoes, but some of these insecticides are causing harm to the environment, human, plants and animals which in turn cause environmental pollution. Presently, NPs are thought to be used as an effective insecticide. Most of the NPs having insecticidal properties are prepared through green synthesis method, where extracts from plants, fungi, bacteria, and even dead insects have been efficaciously employed to decrease or to kill mosquito population. Biological and green synthesis method has resulted in the production of less toxic or nontoxic and sustainable NPs for further application in mosquito control. The evaluation of green chemistry or biological techniques for synthesizing metal NPs from plant extracts and other biological organisms has drawn the attention of many researchers. This review explores the usefulness of green synthesized various metal NPs on larvae, pupae and adults of mosquitoes.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}