Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of Artemisinin Combination Therapy for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria across international borders of India.","authors":"Swati Sinha, Supriya Sharma, Kuldeep Singh, Deendayal Swarnkar, Naseem Ahmed, Priyanka Rajput, Bina Srivastava, Anup R Anvikar","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.392254","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.392254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) remains a major public threat in India. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been the country's first-line drug for uncomplicated Pf malaria. In 2013-2014, Artesunate plus sulfadoxine (AS+SP) was replaced by Artemether Lumefantrine (AL) as the first- line antimalarial in North East (NE) states of the country which are endemic for Pf malaria. Regular monitoring of antimalarial drugs is of utmost importance to achieve the goal of elimination. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ACT for treating uncomplicated Pf malaria in the NE states of India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study of 28-day follow-up was conducted to monitor the efficacy and safety of AL from 2018-2019 in four districts, Udalgiri, Meghalaya, Lawngtlai, and Dhalai of NE, India. The clinical and parasitological response and the polymorphism analysis of the Pfdhps, P/dhfr, and Pfkelch 13 gene were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 234 patients were enrolled in the study out of 216 patients who completed the follow-up to 28 days. One-hundred percent adequate clinical and parasitological responses (ACPR) were observed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) correction. The genotype results suggest no recrudescence in the treatment-failure patients. The classical single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the Pfdhfr gene was S108N (94.9%), followed by C59R (91.5%), whereas, in the Pfdhps gene, the common SNP was A437G (79.6%), followed by S3436A. No associated or validated mutations were found in the propeller region of the PfKelch13 gene.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>AL was efficacious and safe in uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in North East India. In contrast, mutations in the genes responsible for sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine resistance have been fixed in northeast India's population.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"81-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of larval and pupal indices of dengue mosquito vectors in a North-Eastern state of Tripura, India.","authors":"Siraj Ahmed Khan, Smita Bordoloi, Anisha Shah, Subrata Baidya","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.392268","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.392268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue is a major vector-borne disease having public health importance. It is caused by Dengue Virus (DENV) and is transmitted by mosquitoes of Aedes species. With the unavailability of a vaccine, vector control remains the only preventive measure for dengue. Studies have already been conducted to establish the presence of dengue vectors in the north-eastern states of India. However, limited studies have been conducted in Tripura state. In the present study we aimed to identify the preferred breeding habitats of dengue vectors in the state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical case data of dengue since the last five years was studied and the areas with the highest case numbers were identified. Entomological investigation was carried out in areas reporting the highest number of cases. Larvae were collected from the breeding habitats using standard protocol followed by morphological and molecular identification. Further, House index (HI), Container index (CI) and Pupal index (PI) were determined. The positive pools were then processed for incrimination for the presence of dengue virus. Calculation of entomological indices was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the total 815 containers searched, 36.80% containers were positive for mosquito larvae. Among the immature mosquito collection, 836 adults emerged and were identified as Aedes albopictus using standard taxonomic keys followed by molecular methods. HI, CI and PI, varied from 15.38% to 100%, 21% to 31.04 %, and 2.93% to 110.53% respectively. However, none of the pools was positive for dengue virus.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The present study identified Ae. albopictus as a potential vector of dengue in Tripura. The study gave important insights on the preferred larval habitats and provides information on the indication of displacement of Ae. albopictus from rural to urban and semi-urban areas. However, longitudinal studies for longer time frame are necessary for any conclusive remarks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MBORS: Mosquito vector Biocontrol Ontology and Recommendation System.","authors":"G Jeyakodi, P Shanthi Bala, O T Sruthi, K Swathi","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.383640","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.383640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Mosquito vectors are disease-causing insects, responsible for various life-threatening vector-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika, malaria, chikungunya, and lymphatic filariasis. In practice, synthetic insecticides are used to control the mosquito vector, but, the continuous usage of synthetic insecticides is toxic to human health resulting in communicable diseases. Non-toxic biocontrol agents such as bacteria, fungus, plants, and mosquito densoviruses play a vital role in controlling mosquitoes. Community awareness of mosquito biocontrol agents is required to control vector-borne diseases. Mosquito vector-based ontology facilitates mosquito biocontrol by providing information such as species names, pathogen-associated diseases, and biological controlling agents. It helps to explore the associations among the mosquitoes and their biocontrol agents in the form of rules. The Mosquito vector-based Biocontrol Ontology Recommendation System (MBORS) provides the knowledge on mosquito-associated biocontrol agents to control the vector at the early stage of the mosquitoes such as eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. This paper proposes MBORS for the prevention and effective control of vector-borne diseases. The Mosquito Vector Association ontology (MVAont) suggests the appropriate mosquito vector biocontrol agents (MosqVecRS) for related diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Natural Language Processing and Data mining are employed to develop the MBORS. While Tokenization, Part-of-speech Tagging (POS), Named Entity Recognition (NER), and rule-based text mining techniques are used to identify the mosquito ontology concepts, the data mining apriori algorithm is used to predict the associations among them.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The outcome of the MBORS results in MVAont as Web Ontology Language (OWL) representation and MosqVecRS as an Android application. The developed ontology and recommendation system are freely available on the web portal.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The MVAont predicts harmless biocontrol agents which help to diminish the rate of vector-borne diseases. On the other hand, the MosqVecRS system raises awareness of vectors and vector-borne diseases by recommending suitable biocontrol agents to the vector control community and researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomological assessment in 'hotspots' of four lymphatic filariasis endemic districts, Central Nepal during post-MDA surveillance.","authors":"Pramod Kumar Mehta, Mahendra Maharjan","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.392252","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.392252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Annual mass drug administration (MDA) is the main strategy to interrupt the transmission of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in the community. The main aim of monitoring the MDA program, for its effectiveness and interruption of LF is the post-MDA surveillance using antigen survey in children born after MDA. The latest technique of new research suggests that xenomonitoring is an effective tool for monitoring LF intervention. The objective of this study was to assess the W. bancrofti infection/or infectivity in vector mosquitoes by xenomonitoring during post-MDA surveillance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the hotspots of selected four districts of Central Nepal. A gravid trap technique was used for sampling mosquitoes. Infection/or infectivity was determined via the dissection of vector mosquitoes. Anopheles, Aedes, Armigerus and Culex species were collected from hotspots of four endemic districts, two from the hilly region (Lalitpur and Dhading) and two from Terai region (Bara and Mahottari) of Central Nepal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4450 mosquitoes belonging to four genera, Anopheles, Culex, Armigeres, and Aedes were collected from four hotspots. The distribution of Culex quinquefasciatus was found to be the highest, 88.9% (n=3955/4450) followed by Cx. vishnui (4.5%), Armigeres sp (5.8%), An. culicifascies (0.2%), Aedes spp (0.8%). The proportion of female mosquitoes trapped is significantly higher. A total of 3344 parous Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were dissected for any larval stage of W. bancrofti. We could not find any filarial infection in dissected mosquito samples.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>We conclude that the gravid trap is an efficient tool for the collection of gravid Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes for xenomonitoring studies of filariasis endemic regions. Vector composition indicated a maximum number of vector mosquitoes of lymphatic filariasis were trapped compared with the other three species. Distribution and density of Cx. quinquefasciatus was found highest in four hotspots of endemic districts. None of the Cx. quinquefasciatus dissected were found to be infected by larval forms of filaria. Since the low levels of infection persistence in the human population in these hot spots, vector infection and infectivity can't be ignored. Microscopic xenomonitoring at a low level of infection persistent is less likely to be efficient so molecular xenomonitoring along with a large sample should be required in each of the hot spots of the districts. Additionally, area is receptive so further vector control intervention should be required to reduce the risk of resurgence of infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"136-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity of Trixis vauthieri DC essential oil on Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae), a proven vector of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.","authors":"Zahra Ali Haque, Muhammad Aqib Farooq Khan, Mahnoor Shahzad","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.383642","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.383642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>In Brazil, one of the visceral leishmaniasis control measures in urban environments is the elimination of Lutzomyia longipalpis, which occurs through the application of pyrethroid insecticides with residual action in homes and outbuildings. Due to the loss of sensitivity of this vector to these insecticides, the search for more efficient insecticide compounds against L. longipalpis has been intensified. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of Trixis vauthieri essential oil on adult sandflies of the species L. longipalpis, and identify the phytochemical composition of these essential oils.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Essential oils from leaves collected from T. vauthieri at different times were obtained at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL. Twenty sandflies were exposed to the essential oils and the mortality was evaluated after 1, 2, 4, 16, 24, 48 and 72 h. The chemical constituents of the essential oil were also identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The essential oils of T. vauthieri at a concentration of 20 mg/mL were the most toxic to sandflies, reaching a mortality rate of 98.33% and 95%, respectively, after 72 h of exposure. The analysis of chemical constituents revealed the presence of triterpenes and/or steroids, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and coumarins.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The results obtained suggest that T. vauthieri essential oil is fairly promising as an insecticidal potential against L. longipalpis. A more detailed analysis of the oil's phytochemical composition is necessary to identify active and pure compounds that can be used in vector control of visceral leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"630-631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140851237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence study of dengue-malaria coinfection in an East-Cameroonian public hospital: A comparison between malarial and non-malarial groups.","authors":"Elodie Ayangma Ndeme, Borris Rosnay Galani Tietcheu, Sylvie Agokeng Demanou, Dieudonne Pascal Chuisseu Djamen, Nicolas Njintang Yanou","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.392260","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.392260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Backgrounds objectives: </strong>Recent research in Cameroon reported several occurrences of dengue in urban settings, but concurrent dengue-malaria infection has received less attention, particularly in the East region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-month cross-sectional and comparative research was performed at Bertoua Regional Hospital which included 50 malaria-positive participants and 90 non-malaria subjects. Participants were selected and provided with a questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. Blood samples were collected and tested for dengue infection and hematological parameters were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dengue fever was found in 14% of malarial patients vs 66.66% of controls. Secondary dengue infection was more prevalent in malarial patients than in non-malarial patients. Gender, age, and place of residence were positively correlated to dengue seropositivity. Platelets were substantially lower (P<0.001) in the malarial group than in the non-malarial group.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>In the study, coinfected patients were found to be more vulnerable to dengue, emphasizing the importance of epidemiological surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"72-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140866618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repellent and larvicidal properties of selected indigenous plants in the control of Anopheles mosquitoes.","authors":"Obadiah Opoku-Bamfoh, Sandra Abankwa Kwarteng, Frema A N Owusu, Raphael Akpanya, Kelvin A Mensah, Mercy Badu, Fred Y Gyamfi, Victoria Sogbo, Ebenezer J D Belford, Abena Boakye, Henry Morgan Morrison, Patrick K Obuam, Sylvester Coleman","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.392267","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.392267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Widespread pyrethroid resistance and plastic-feeding behaviour of most malaria vectors across Africa threaten the efficacy of current insecticide-based vector control interventions like Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). This study examined the larvicidal activity ofMorinda citrifolia against Anopheles gambiae larvae and the repellent properties of Morinda citrifolia (Noni), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), and Ocimum basilicum (Basil) as complementary vector control tools against Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Noni, Basil, and Moringa oil extracts were obtained with the extraction techniques; Soxhlet, steam distillation and maceration respectively, using hexane and ethanol. The effectiveness of the extracts was assessed using the WHO standard larval susceptibility bioassay and guidelines for repellent efficacy. Following bioassays, effective doses (ED) and lethal concentrations (LC) were determined. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy analysis was performed to identify the bioactive chemical components of the extracts of Moringa oleifera and Ocimum basilicum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emulsified Morinda citrifolia seed oil had LC50=68.3, LC90=130.9 and LC99.9=222.5, and ED99. 9=308.3%v/v, the ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera leaves had ED99.9= 1.25g/ml, and essential oil of Ocimum basilicum leaves had ED99.9=0.28g/ml against Anopheles gambiae.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The results obtained indicated that seed oil of Morinda citrifolia, essential oil of Ocimum basilicum, and crude extract of Moringa oleifera have repellent activity against An. gambiae s.l. The complete protection time (CPT) of Morinda citrifolia, Moringa oleifera, and Ocimum basilicum was 120 min, 72 min and 84 min at ED99.9 respectively. Morinda citrifolia oil exhibited larvicidal effects against the larvae of An. gambiae s.l. The results provide valuable information for the use of the plants as biocides.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"90-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of urbanization on the abundance and distribution of Anophelines population in Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh, India.","authors":"Alka Rani, Abhishek Gupta, B N Nagpal, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, Anushrita, Pooja Prasad, Himmat Singh","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.383639","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.383639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>In urban areas, upsurge in population has resulted in more breeding sites for malaria vectors, and hence this scenario potentially undermine malaria elimination and control programs. The change in land use due to urbanization may result in the presence and distribution of malaria vectors. Understanding potential malaria vectors is essential for current and future malaria transmission control strategies. This study investigated the effects of rapid urbanization on malaria vectors An. culicifacies s.l. and An. stephensi L. in Ghaziabad district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ghaziabad district which presents several levels of urbanization was selected for this study. Entomological investigations were conducted seasonally from 2014-2016 in the rural, urban, and peri-urban regions. Vector incrimination study was done using ELISA (confirmation by PCR) on suspected Anopheles vectors viz. An. culicifacies, An. stephensi, An. annularis and An. subpictus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An. culicifacies showed alteration in distribution influenced by rural and agricultural land whereas An. stephensi was found to be influenced by artificial habitats and population growth.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The study also confirms the association between the abundance of malaria vectors and land use change.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140853849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating serotypes and genotypes of dengue virus in North India: An observational study.","authors":"Om Prakash, Anil Kumar Verma, Asutosh Paliwal, Faisal Abbas, Ashish Kumar Srivastava, Vivek Kumar Mishra, Shruti Radera, Amita Jain","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.392258","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.392258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>This study reports observation on circulating serotypes and genotypes of Dengue Virus in North India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples were obtained from suspected cases of dengue referred to the virus diagnostic laboratory during 2014 to 2022. All samples were tested for anti-dengue virus IgM antibodies and NS1Ag by ELISA. NS1Ag positive samples were processed for serotyping and genotyping.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total 41,476 dengue suspected cases were referred to the laboratory of which 12,292 (29.6%) tested positive. Anti-Dengue Virus IgM antibodies, NS1Ag, both IgM and NS1Ag, were positive in 7007 (57.4%); 3200 (26.0%) and 2085 (16.0%) cases respectively. Total 762 strains were serotyped during 9-year period. DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 serotypes were found in 79 (10.37%), 506 (66.40%), 151 (19.82%) and 26 (3.41%) cases respectively. DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 were in circulation throughout. Total 105 strains were genotyped. Genotype IV of DENV-1 serotype was circulating till 2014 which was later replaced by genotype V. A distinct seasonality with increase in number of cases in post-monsoon period was seen.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3 were found to be in circulation in North India. Predominant serotype/genotype changed at times, but not at regular intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"117-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) as biological pesticides for control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.","authors":"Adnan Ur Rahman, Inamullah Khan, Amjad Usman, Hasnain Khan","doi":"10.4103/0972-9062.392257","DOIUrl":"10.4103/0972-9062.392257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are biological hormone analogue or mimics used as pesticides to inhibit the growth of larva during their molting and skin shedding. This study aimed to test the effect of IGRs on the eggs hatching and post-hatching inhibition of Aedes mosquitoes and understanding its effect in the mosquito breeding habitats for reduction in adult emergence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experiments on the evaluation of three insect growth regulators (IGRs) for the control of different stages of Aedes aegypti was carried out during 2020-21. Each experiment consisted of four treatments viz., Pyriproxyfen, Novaluron, and Larvicol at 1.0 ppm and distilled water as a control. All experiments were carried out in completely randomized design (CRD) except eggs which were carried out in factorial design each with three replications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All tested IGRs performed better in affecting eggs, larval and pupal stages of Ae. aegypti. Highest eggs hatching inhibition (80%) of fresh eggs occurred in Pyriproxyfen followed by Novaluron (66%) and lowest in Larvicol (62%). Eggs hatch inhibition of embryonated eggs was lower than fresh eggs. Pyriproxyfen caused 69%, Novaluron 59% and Larvicol 39% eggs hatch inhibition of embryonated eggs. Both Pyriproxyfen and Novaluron performed better in causing 98-100% larval mortality followed by Larvicol (39%). Larval development to pupal stage was completely prevented by both Pyriproxyfen and Novaluron. Although Larvicol resulted in lowest eggs hatch and larval inhibition but prevented pupae to emerge as adults. Results further showed 70-89% mortality of 3rd instar larvae of Ae. aegypti when exposed to Pyriproxyfen and Novaluron solutions after 30 days storage at lab. temperature (27±2°C), RH 70±5.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>None of the IGRs was more effective at the pupal stage but showed carry-on activity of growth inhibition and mortality of the successive stages of development when used against eggs stages. Therefore, we recommend early application of IGRs at mosquito habitats during the beginning and onset of the season when very early stages of mosquitoes are available in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":"61 1","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}