Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Diagnostic dilemma in laboratory confirmation of acute Scrub Typhus infection: Relevance of ST IgM, IgG antibodies and molecular markers.","authors":"V Anitharaj, J Pradeep, Selvaraj Stephen","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.JVBD_179_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.JVBD_179_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Conventionally, the humoral immune response to Scrub Typhus (ST) is the early appearance of IgM during the first week of infection, followed by IgG after 2-3 weeks. Recent publications reveal different trends in Immunological response to ST.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Acute and convalescent blood from 55 (Group-I) and single samples from 152 (Group-II), both clinically suspected as ST, were subjected to ST IgM ELISA, ST IgG ELISA, and ST IgG IFA. Acute samples from Group I and single samples from Group II were subjected to Real-Time PCR (q PCR) to target three genes, 56 kDa, 47 kDa, and groEl.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 262 blood samples were positive for ST IgM ELISA. Positivity for IgG ELISA, IgG IFA and the presence of any one or more gene targets (56kDa/47kDa/growl) in qPCR among the 55 acute samples was 70.9%, 36.4%, and 89.1%, respectively and 87.3%, 45.5% and 78.3% respectively in convalescent samples. In 152 unpaired samples, IgG ELISA was positive in 52.6% and 19.1% in ST IgG IFA. Among 207 samples (Group-I Acute and Group II) subjected to q PCR, groEl, 56 kDa and 47 kDa were present in 59.4%, 44.0%, and 35.7% respectively.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>In view of the persistence of IgM in ST over months and, in some cases, years, there is a diagnostic dilemma in confirming ST based on single ST IgM, especially in ST endemic regions. This is compounded by the additional presence of ST IgG in the early days of acute infection. q PCR is recommended to confirm doubtful cases of ST.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A predictive analysis of insecticide resistance trend on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae over generations upon sublethal treatment with DDT, Malathion and Deltamethrin.","authors":"Aditya Shankar Kataki","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_4_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_4_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Prior studies showed that, repeated exposure of insecticides during the larval stage led to increase in vector resistance. However, a gap of knowledge persisted in analysing the trend of insecticide resistance and cross resistance in mosquitoes upon sublethal treatment during its larval stage over generations with different insecticides. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to comprehend the pattern of insecticide resistance and cross resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae following four generations of sublethal deltamethrin, DDT and malathion treatment. The current study's research questions were [I] would there be an increasing trend of larval resistance observed upon repeated sublethal treatment on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae with several insecticides in each generation, and [II] will the trend of resistance be different for each insecticide?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus in their early 3rd instar were therefore subjected to sublethal doses of deltamethrin (0.01 μg/ml), DDT (1 μg/ml), and malathion (1 μg/ml). The 2 resilience of the larvae was noted after 24hours of exposure Statistical analyses were performed using Generalised Mixed Modelling (glmm) and Log likelihood ratio tests (LRT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a trend displaying increase in the larval resistance across the generations. Moreover, it was found that the larvae were showing more resistance against DDT followed by deltamethrin and malathion. The cross-resistance analysis demonstrated that larvae resistant to one class of insecticide exhibited an increased level of resistance to other insecticides across successive generations.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Thus, the study successfully evaluated a trend of increase larval resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus upon continuous exposure with DDT followed by malathion and deltamethrin over multigeneration. The study can act as a reference for future studies especially in vector control management to develop novel vector strategies and stimulating resistance trend for different mosquito species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and parasitological efficacy of artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in different transmission settings in India.","authors":"Ritesh Ranjha, Rajendra Baharia, Vani H Chalageri, Bina Srivastava, Naseem Ahmed, Supriya Sharma, Prashant Kumar Mallick, Anupkumar R Anvikar, Praveen Kumar Bharti","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_212_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_212_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>In 2010, artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) were adopted as the first-line artemisinin based combination therapy for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India. Continuous therapeutic efficacy monitoring of firstline anti-malarial drugs is required to update the treatment policy for malaria control and elimination. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) at three sites with different diseases transmission intensity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 28-day, single-arm, prospective study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and parasitological response to AS+SP. Patients received a six-dose regimen of AS+SP over three days and were monitored for 28 days through clinical and laboratory assessments. Participant recruitment and outcome classification was done as per the WHO guidelines for the surveillance of anti-malarial drug efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 170 participants were enrolled and 147 of them completed the follow-up. Adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was observed in 100% of the study participants who completed the follow-up. 100% fever clearance as well as parasite clearance was observed on day 3.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy and a good safety profile for artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine at different transmission intensities. This suggests the continuation of the current artemisinin based combination therapy for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Encephalitis in Asia: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Hewa Babarandage Chathurika Harshani, Janaki I Abeynayake","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_167_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_167_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese encephalitis (JE) which is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a significant public health concern in Asia. The JEV is mainly transmitted by Culex mosquitoes breeding in flooded rice fields. The disease can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe encephalitis and long-term neurological effects with potentially fatal outcomes with a 30% mortality rate. This review aims to gather information on public health importance, JE epidemiology, history, vaccination strategies, and public health interventions in Asian countries. A systematic literature search was conducted using various databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, including publications up to 2024. Search terms included \"Japanese encephalitis\", \"epidemiology\", \"outbreaks\", \"prevalence\" and \"prevention & control\". This review highlights the importance of comprehensive vaccination strategies and integrated vector management. Continued efforts are essential to enhance vaccination coverage and strengthen public health infrastructure to mitigate the burden of JE in Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community structure of artificial container-breeding mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and co-occurrence patterns of dengue vectors in mid-western Nepal.","authors":"Buddhi Ram Oli, Manoj Sharma, Pramod Shrestha, Meghnath Dhimal, Ishan Gautam","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_228_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_228_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Container-breeding mosquitoes, including vector species such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are medically significant. This study assessed community structure, mutual interactions, and container-sharing patterns of mosquito species to understand their community ecology in mid-western Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mosquito larvae were collected from artificial containers of different ecological regions of mid-western Nepal during the post-monsoon season of 2024 using dropper and dipper methods. Mosquito larvae were reared, dead larvae and adults were identified, and their community composition was assessed using Margalef's index, the beta diversity index, Kendall's coefficient of rank correlation (T), Yule's coefficient of association (Q), and assessing co-occurrence patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The larvae of a total of 15 mosquito species, including vectors of dengue, lymphatic filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis, were collected from five types of containers. The mosquito community structure varied in different altitudinal gradients and container types. Altitude and container types had an effect on the larval abundance of A. aegypti and A. albopictus. Mosquito species, including A. aegypti and A. albopictus showed different patterns of association with each other through container sharing.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Artificial water-holding containers commonly found around household premises can serve as potential breeding habitats for mosquitoes, including vector species such as A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The adaptation of dengue vector mosquitoes to other mosquito species in different container types indicates their capacity to establish in different environmental conditions. The presence and adaptability of different vector mosquitoes from the Terai to the high mountain region increased the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in mid-western Nepal and indicate the urgency of mosquito control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chandipura Virus in India: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Review.","authors":"Neeraj Pawar, Aswani Kumar Seth","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_236_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_236_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging arbovirus in India, primarily transmitted by sandflies and associated with outbreaks of acute encephalitis in children. First identified in 1965 in Maharashtra, CHPV has since been linked to Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) in several states, including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Telangana, and Madhya Pradesh. The virus predominantly affects children under 15 years, particularly in rural areas with poor housing conditions, and is most prevalent during the monsoon season when sandfly activities are high. Its clinical presentation includes a rapid-onset febrile illness progressing to encephalitis, often with a high case fatality rate. Diagnostic challenges arise due to similarities with other arboviral infections, complicating outbreak management. Current public health interventions emphasize vector control, environmental sanitation, and community awareness, though the lack of specific antiviral treatment and vaccines remains a significant barrier. This review highlights the need for improved surveillance, diagnostic tools, and vaccine development to mitigate the potential public health impact of CHPV in India. A One Health approach, integrating human, animal, and environmental health, is crucial for the effective management and prevention of CHPV outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143974352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-leishmanial activity of Nano-Emodin on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis both in vivo and in vitro studies.","authors":"Mehrnaz Khodadadi, Bahman Rahimi Esboei, Aroona Chabra, Bahareh Basirpour, Hadi Hassannia","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_122_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_122_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that can lead to chronic ulcerative wounds. The low efficacy and high cytotoxicity of current treatments for leishmaniasis are important health issues. This study assessed the anti-leishmanial effects of stem bark extract of Rhamnus cathartica (R. cathartica) and Nano-Emodin (NE) against Leishmania major (L. major) in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Emodin was prepared chemically and physically, and was formulated into nanoliposomes at concentrations of 25-400 μg /ml. The activity of nanoliposomes were evaluated in vitro and in vivo on cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Results were analyzed using Prism and SPSS software. Statistical significance was determined using t-test and ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the anti-parasitic effect of Nano-emodin increased time and dose-dependently both in vivo and in vitro. 400 μg/ml of NE showed the highest inhibitory effects on L. major promastigotes. Also, this concentration could reduce the number of L. major amastigotes. Furthermore, the results of histopathological investigation indicated that all concentrations of nano-emodin had no nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Considering the excellent anti-leishmanial effect of emodin nanoliposomes in addition to the non-toxicity, it can be concluded that this natural compound can be a suitable candidate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating anti-CHIK IgM and qualitative RT-PCR for diagnosing Chikungunya in hospitalized patients: A comparative analysis of diagnostic efficacy.","authors":"Mohd Afzal, Abhishek Sharma, Ashok Kumar Sah, M Chandrasekar","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_125_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_125_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus characterized by a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, and it is transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. Prompt and precise diagnosis is essential for efficient clinical treatment, monitoring, and public health initiatives aimed at controlling CHIKV spread. Diagnostic methods include reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serological assays, with lateral flow chromatographic immunoassays frequently used to detect IgM antibodies. The aim of this study is to compare the RT-PCR and chikungunya IgM antibody detection Methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A diagnostic comparative study was conducted within the Pathology department at Aarogyam Hospital in Roorkee, Uttarakhand. In this study, two types of diagnostic methods were employed. Blood samples were obtained for the lateral flow chromatographic immunoassay IgM Combo Rapid test and the Chikungunya RT-PCR. Statistical data analysis was conducted by using GraphPad and MS Excel 2010.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 50 suspected chikungunya patients. The mean age of participants was 35.6±6.627 (mean±SD) within 7-75 yrs age groups. There were 26 men and 24 women among the participants. Out of the 50 patients, 27 were identified as chikungunya positive.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The study reveals the complimentary nature of RT-PCR and IgM chromatographic methods in the diagnosis of Chikungunya. While RT-PCR is excellent for confirming current infections, IgM chromatographic methods provide important information on the immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of Insecticide-Treated Net Utilization among Caregivers of Under-Five Children in Butiama District, Tanzania.","authors":"Magnus Michael Sichalwe, Shadya Ramadhan Mhinte, Regnald Raymond Kimaro","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_213_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_213_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Malaria remains a major cause of illness and death among under-five children in Tanzania, particularly in Butiama, a rural area in the Mara region, where high prevalence persists despite prevention efforts. This study examined predictors of ITN use among caregivers of under-five children in Butiama, aiming to strengthen malaria prevention and improve child health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design with multistage sampling to select 384 caregivers of children under five from the Butiama District. Data were collected from April to May 2024 using a structured Swahili questionnaire on the Kobo Toolbox. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, starting with data cleaning and completeness checks. Univariate analysis included descriptive statistics, while bivariate analysis assessed relationships between categorical variables. Multivariate analysis identified predictors at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 82.3% owned a mosquito net, and 50.8% used it the night before the study. Female-headed households were 3.6 times more likely to use ITNs than male-headed ones (AOR=3.572, 95% CI [1.675-7.618], P=0.001). Awareness of immediate ITN use post-delivery increased likelihood by 2.9 times (AOR=2.918, 95% CI [1.868-7.159], P=0.044). Primary-educated individuals were 2.3 times more likely to use ITNs than those with none or primary incomplete (AOR=2.281, 95% CI [1.001-5.618], P=0.017). Self-employed individuals were 36.6% less likely to use ITNs than peasants or homemakers (AOR=0.366, 95% CI [0.161-0.835], P=0.037).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>This study reported a 50.8% ITN usage rate, below the national average. Key predictors of ITN use included being female, having primary education, and being aware of the correct timing for use. Targeted interventions, such as education campaigns and gender-sensitive strategies, are needed to improve ITN adoption and malaria prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different diets and blood sources on selected biological parameters of Phlebotomus Sergenti and Leishmania Tropica development in its digestive tract.","authors":"Mahboubeh Fatemi, Arshad Veysi, Mojgan Mohammadnejad, Arman Izadian, Yahya Maroufi, Amir Ahmad Akhavan","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_30_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_30_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to assess the impact of various blood or food sources on specific biological parameters of Phlebotomus sergenti, Parrot, 1917, adult and immature stages, as well as the development of Leishmania tropica Wright 1903.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sand flies were collected from a rural district and subsequently reared in an insectary using standard methods. Three larval diets were formulated and administered to the larvae. Adult sand flies were provided with three blood sources: BALB/c mice, humans, and poultry. The infection of sand flies with the parasite was examined to determine the development of Leishmania.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The duration of larval and pupal stage development exhibited significant differences among the three food sources. However, these variations did not significantly affect the overall length of the immature period of Ph. sergenti (P= 0.098) or the mortality rate (P= 0.338) across the groups. The time required for oviposition differed significantly depending on the blood source (P= 0.007). Nevertheless, the fecundity and longevity of sand flies that fed on the three different blood sources did not show statistically significant differences (fecundity (P= 0.106)/longevity (P= 0.209)). Furthermore, no significant disparity was observed among the three types of blood sources concerning their ability to support L. tropica infection within Ph. sergenti's gut.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Redirecting the vector, Ph. sergenti, towards these specific food or blood sources as a means to reduce vector population or their vectorial capacity would not be a successful approach for interrupting the transmission cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}