Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Dengue and scrub typhus coinfection in pregnancy: A rare case with multiorgan dysfunction.","authors":"P Aravindhmozhi, Charankumar Swamikkkannu, Raja Lakshmanan, Dinesh Kumar Thanigachalam, Srimathi Jagannathan, K R Murugan, Jayalakshmi Seshadri","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_129_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_129_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical infections continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality in India. While mixed tropical infections are relatively common in the general population, they are rare during pregnancy. We report a 24-year-old pregnant woman with a history of previous lower segment caesarean section and preeclampsia, who developed dengue and scrub typhus infection near-term. The illness was complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, yet with timely multidisciplinary management, both maternal and neonatal outcomes were favourable. Literature on such mixed tropical infections in pregnancy remains scarce.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Artificial Intelligence in Vector Control: A New Path for Public Health.","authors":"Yusuf Hared Abdi, Yakub Burhan Abdullahi, Mohamed Sharif Abdi, Sharmake Gaiye Bashir, Naima Ibrahim Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_144_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_144_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vector-borne diseases remain a pressing global health challenge exacerbated by climate change, urbanization, and insecticide resistance. This review evaluates how artificial intelligence can strengthen vector surveillance, forecast outbreaks, and optimize interventions in public-health programs. Traditional control strategies rely on reactive. AI-driven systems, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs, a form of image-recognition AI) and advanced machine learning models, achieve over 90% accuracy in real-time mosquito species identification, enabling targeted responses to invasive vectors such as Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. The integration of satellite imagery, climate data, and citizen science inputs into machine learning models improves outbreak prediction, with Bayesian networks forecasting dengue incidence 30 d in advance with 81% accuracy. AI also streamlines resource allocation and reduces insecticide use by 20-40% through reinforcement learning and drone-based habitat mapping. However, barriers to implementation persist, including data inequities, algorithmic biases, and infrastructure gaps in low-income regions. Ethical considerations such as privacy in data-sharing systems and community engagement in surveillance necessitate collaborative frameworks that bridge technologists, public health experts, and local stakeholders. Although AI cannot replace traditional methods, its capacity to augment decision-making in real time and data-driven insights offer a pathway for resilient, equitable vector control systems. Success depends on context-specific adaptation, investment in digital infrastructure, and sustained cross-sector partnerships to mitigate the disproportionate burden of vector-borne diseases on vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of dengue seroprevalence, secondary infection and seasonal trends in Western Uttar Pradesh, India.","authors":"Prashant Sharma, Rajesh K Verma, D P Singh, Atul, Sana Fatima, Radhika Chaudhary","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_112_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_112_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue, caused by a single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family of Arboviruses, remains a severe public health threat, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, seasonal trends, and secondary dengue infection cases in the western area of Uttar Pradesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted at VRDL, Department of Microbiology, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, analyzed 11,618 serum samples over the last three years, from January 2022-December 2024. Serum samples from suspected cases were subjected to NS1 antigen, IgM, and IgG antibodies enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>11618 samples were tested with 2158 (18.57%) positive samples in the last 3 years. A total of 9571 samples were tested for NS1 Ag, of which 1459 (15.24%) were positive. There were 11454 samples tested for IgM, of which 789 (6.87%) were positive. Out of 9215 samples tested for IgG, 1068 were positive (11.58%). A higher percentage of positivity was observed in the age group 11-20 years, and males (18.68%) were more affected than females (16.41%). Peak cases showed during September-November, which correlates with the monsoon season, while transmission declined in winter.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The study found that young adults, particularly males, were most affected. An understanding of seasonal patterns and the need for early diagnosis and vector-control measures are crucial to managing effective dengue outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"String sign\"- acute lymphangitis in the forearm following triple drug therapy for bancroftian filarial infection.","authors":"Vijesh Sreedhar Kuttiatt, Manju Rahi, Jambulingam Purushothaman","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_94_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_94_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Localized adverse events following mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis elimination are often self-limiting. However, they are of significant concern to the participants and may affect community drug compliance if not managed appropriately. Here, we report a rather uncommon adverse event, the 'string sign' in a south Indian woman with bancroftian filarial infection treated with triple drug regimen (IDA-Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine and Albendazole). String sign is the manifestation of acute lymphangitis as a cordlike subcutaneous swelling due to the swollen and inflamed lymphatic vessel, which is believed to occur due to the death of the adult filarial worms subsequent to chemotherapy. Health care workers need to be aware of such unusual localized adverse events that may occur following MDA for LF elimination. Prompt medical management of adverse events and health education are important to ensure adherence to drug consumption during mass drug administration program.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Japanese Encephalitis diagnosis with differential ELISA testing in India: A comparative evaluation of two JE IgM capture ELISA kits.","authors":"Nayana Siddalingaiah, Vijayalakshmi Reddy, K Dhanya, Surbhi Telang, Lonika Lodha, Priya Kumari, M A Ashwini, Reeta S Mani","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_43_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_43_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Japanese encephalitis (JE) remains a significant public health concern in India. IgM capture ELISA is widely used for laboratory confirmation, but cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses like Dengue virus (DEN) can lead to false positives in endemic countries like India. To overcome this problem, WHO recommends an IgM capture ELISA-based differential testing algorithm which includes JE IgM testing followed by DEN IgM testing. This study evaluates the performance of JE and DEN IgM capture ELISA kits from NIV, Pune in differentiating JE and DENV infections using ELISA-based differential testing algorithm in comparison with Inbios JE and DEN detect IgM capture ELISA kits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 131 serum samples from patients with suspected AES were tested initially using both NIV JE IgM ELISA kit and Inbios JE detect followed by NIV Dengue IgM and Inbios DEN detect kits, and results were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NIV kit showed a higher JE IgM positivity rate (77.9%) than the Inbios kit (69.5%). Differential testing reclassified 21.5% (22/102) of NIV JE IgM positive cases and 16.4% (15/91) of Inbios JE IgM positive cases as DEN positive.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The results emphasise the presence of cross reactivity between the JE and DEN viruses. Despite limitations such as the absence of PRNT, the findings support differential testing as a cost-effective strategy to enhance JE diagnostic accuracy in resource limited settings and reinforce the need for improved diagnostic algorithms to prevent misclassification of flavivirus infections especially in endemic countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomological Investigation of Dengue Outbreak in Raigarh, Central India: Dominance of Aedes albopictus as the Primary Vector.","authors":"D P Sinha, S P Singh, T G Kulwedi, Jitendra Kumar, P K Bharti","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_103_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_103_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue outbreaks pose a significant public health threat in Raigarh City, Central India. During the 2023-2024 rainy season, there was a marked rise in febrile cases resembling dengue across urban areas. In response, ICMR-NIMR, in collaboration with local health authorities, initiated entomological surveillance campaign. This effort aimed to identify dengue vectors and implement rapid intervention strategies to mitigate disease transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An entomological survey was conducted in 16 wards of the Raigarh city. The study incorporated epidemiological data spanning nine years (2016-2024), along with a detailed month-wise analysis of dengue cases reported in 2023 and 2024. Vector density was assessed with House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and Breteau Index (BI), to identify high-risk areas and predominant vector species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,080 water-holding containers were identified across 622 surveyed properties, for vector breeding. Among these, 67 (35%) were routinely used household containers, while 124 (65%) were disposable items. Larval collections yielded 986 Aedes specimens, including 104 pupae, with Aedes albopictus accounting for 85% of the total, followed by Aedes aegypti (8%) and Aedes vittatus (5%). The entomological indices reflected a critical vector proliferation scenario, with an HI of 17.35%, CI of 7%, and BI of 24.49.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Targeted entomological surveillance, community awareness programs with interventions have contributed to a notable reduction in dengue case incidence. The findings establish Aedes albopictus as the predominant dengue vector in the region, alongside Aedes aegypti.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of three dengue NS1 antigen ELISA kits in comparison to chemiluminescence immunoassay.","authors":"K Vinitha, S Sulochana, N A Firoz Banu, Suja Ramanathan, Vishal Wadhwa","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_136_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_136_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue fever, including its severe forms, remains a major public health concern in endemic regions. Early diagnosis is critical for effective disease management, yet current diagnostic methods vary in sensitivity and accessibility. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of three commercially available NS1 ELISA kits against a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) reference standard.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 321 archived serum samples, previously tested using the Dengue NS1 Autobio chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), were further analyzed using three NS1 ELISA kits. Among these, 12 samples showed discordant results between at least one ELISA kit and the CLIA and were subsequently analyzed through RT-PCR-based dengue serotyping. The diagnostic performance of the ELISA kits, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall agreement, was assessed using MedCalc software. Agreement between tests was further evaluated using kappa (κ) statistics, and comparisons of κ values were conducted using Fleiss's Z-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 321 archived serum samples, 105 were initially identified as NS1-reactive and 216 as NS1-negative. RT-PCR confirmed three of the CLIA-positive results as false positives, adjusting the reference count to 102 NS1-reactive and 219 NS1-negative samples. Athenese-Dx ELISA demonstrated the highest sensitivity (98.04%) and agreement with reference (99.07%, κ = 0.978), followed by SD (Sensitivity = 95.10%, Agreement = 97.82%, κ = 0.949) and PanBio (Sensitivity = 94.12%, Agreement = 97.82%, κ = 0.949). Specificity remained high across all ELISA kits (99.07%-99.54%).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The evaluated ELISA kits demonstrated high specificity and strong agreement with the reference standard, with Athenese-Dx ELISA showing better diagnostic accuracy. NS1-based ELISA remains a valuable tool for dengue diagnosis, particularly in resource-limited settings. Further studies with serotype-specific analysis and larger sample sizes are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can India-Africa Synergies Accelerate Malaria Elimination? A Perspective on South-South Collaboration.","authors":"Aditi Gupta, Himanshu Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_176_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_176_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria remains a critical public health challenge, disproportionately affecting sub-Saharan Africa. Although sub-Saharan Africa shoulders the greatest burden of malaria, research led by African institutions continues to receive only a small fraction of global research and development funding. This article reflects on the growing importance of South-South collaboration as a catalyst for advancing malaria research and control efforts. By drawing from initiatives like ANDI, the Elimination 8 (E8) group, and the India-Africa Health Sciences Platform, we illustrate how partnerships among low- and middle-income countries can foster innovation, strengthen local research capacity, improve diagnostic tools, enhance regional surveillance systems and address shared challenges. We also discuss barriers such as limited funding and fragmented systems, and outline strategies-like regional investment and regulatory harmonization-that could help unlock the full potential of these South-South collaborations.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144959033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the microbiome's role in resistance evolution and life-history trait variation in mosquitoes.","authors":"Aditya Shankar Kataki","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.Jvbd_147_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.Jvbd_147_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vector control programs have historically relied on chemical insecticides including organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroids but the rapid escalation of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations now threatens the sustainability of these interventions. While genetic and biochemical resistance mechanisms are well characterized, emerging evidence implicates the mosquito microbiome as an additional, underexplored factor influencing resistance. Several microbial taxa (Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas spp., Wolbachia) have been associated with detoxification pathways, yet causal links between these microbiota and specific resistance phenotypes remain weakly defined. Furthermore, the extent to which microbiome shifts modulate mosquito life-history traits such as survival, fecundity, and development time under sustained insecticide selection remains largely unknown. These traits are key determinants of vectorial capacity, and microbiome-mediated changes could alter disease transmission dynamics in ways not currently accounted for in control strategies. This review critically synthesizes evidence from 2005-2024, drawing on peer-reviewed studies, systematic reviews, and experimental work from NCBI, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. We evaluate the interplay between insecticide-driven selection, microbiome composition, and mosquito biology, highlighting mechanistic uncertainties, methodological limitations, and gaps in longitudinal validation. The analysis underscores the urgent need for integrative research combining microbiome manipulation, functional genomics, and ecological monitoring to move from correlation to causation. By clarifying the microbiome-resistance nexus, this work aims to inform more sustainable, evidence-based strategies for long-term vector control.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144958989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the interplay of space, time, and weather in dengue outbreaks: An insight from Bihar, India.","authors":"Anand Shankar","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_114_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_114_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue has emerged as a major global public health threat, with a sharp rise in cases across endemic regions in recent decades. Bihar, a high-risk state in eastern India, has experienced its most severe dengue outbreaks recently, reporting 8,136 cases in 2019, 11,285 in 2022, and 19,093 in 2023. This study investigates the relationship between climate variability and dengue incidence across Bihar's 38 districts, including the capital city, Patna, over the period 2019-2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis focuses on key meteorological factors-minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures, along with precipitation-and their time-lagged associations with weekly dengue case counts. Spatial patterns of dengue transmission are also assessed to identify regional hotspots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicate that central Bihar exhibits the highest incidence of dengue during the study period. Among the examined variables, minimum temperature and rainfall show the strongest and most consistent correlations with dengue incidence, particularly with lags of 4 to 6 weeks.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>These findings provide a foundation for developing climate-informed early warning systems and targeted vector control strategies, thereby enhancing preparedness and response to future dengue outbreaks in Bihar and similar regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}