Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Larvicidal activity, biochemical impact and chemical composition of Juniperus phoenicea essential oil on the vector of avian malaria Culiseta longiareolata.","authors":"Ikram Aouaichia, Hayette Bouabida, Linda Cheriak, Djemaa Dris","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_35_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_35_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>The application of essential oils (EOs) as environmentally friendly tools for vector control has become a major focus in biopesticide research. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the EO derived from Juniperus phoenicea L. harvested in the El Ma Labiodh region (Tebessa, Algeria) and to evaluate its larvicidal potential against the fourth larval instar of Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The EO was extracted from dried leaves by hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Its larvicidal activity was evaluated following the World Health Organization (WHO) standard protocol. Additionally, the effects of two lethal concentrations (LC25 and LC50) were assessed on detoxification enzymes activities, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT), as well as on major biochemical components (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) in larval tissues across different exposure periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hydrodistillation yielded 0.56±0.03% EO, with GC-MS analysis identifying 51 compounds. Pinene <alpha-> (34.64%), Carene <delta-3-> (15.26%), Limonene (13.82%), and Myrcene (3.85%) were the predominant constituents. The EO exhibited significant larvicidal activity, with mortality rates ranging from 5 to 100%, and LC25 and LC50 values of 38.14 ppm and 57.31 ppm, respectively. Toxicity was associated with the up regulation of detoxification mechanisms, evidenced by elevated GST and CAT activities, alongside notable alterations in the larvae's biochemical profiles.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the potential of J. phoenicea EO as a natural larvicide against Cs longiareolata, supporting its use as a sustainable tool for integrated mosquito control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment and Management of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever.","authors":"Rukiyye Bulut, Bahar Kandemir, İbrahim Erayman, Pınar Belviranlı Keskin, Esma Kepenek Kurt","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_18_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_18_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral infection with a wide geographic distribution globally. The clinical severity of CCHF varies, with reported mortality rates reaching up to 60%. Despite its spread to new geographic areas and its potential to cause severe and fatal disease, no approved vaccine or antiviral treatment is currently available. Studies on the use of ribavirin for CCHF have yielded conflicting results. Consequently, many physicians manage CCHF patients with supportive care. In this study, we share the positive outcomes observed in CCHF patients who were managed exclusively with supportive treatment without the use of ribavirin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The epidemiological characteristics, laboratory results and treatment outcomes of patients with CCHF diagnosis followed up in our clinic between April 1, 2020, and September 31, 2023 were evaluated retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 20 patients (5 females and 15 male) with confirmed CCHF. Based on the Severity Scoring Index (SSI) scores, 7 patients with SSI 0-2 were classified as mild cases, 12 patients with SSI 3-9 as moderate cases, and 1 patient with SSI 10-13 as a severe case. No patients received ribavirin as part of their treatment. All patients were managed with supportive care, and no mortality was observed.</p><p><strong>Interpretation and conclusion: </strong>Supportive care remains the standard treatment for CCHF management. The effectiveness of ribavirin in CCHF remains unclear.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Profile and Predictors of Severity in Infantile Scrub Typhus - A Prospective observational study from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Southern India.","authors":"Dinesh Kumar Narayanasamy, Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babu, Prakash Mathiyalagen","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_8_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_8_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Scrub typhus (ST), a tropical infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, has re-emerged as a global concern in the Asia-Pacific region. Limited data on ST in infants reveals unique presentations, complications, and severity predictors. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of ST in infants, comparing clinical, laboratory and outcomes with ST in older children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective cohort study conducted in the Pediatrics department of a teaching hospital in South India. Children of < 12y years presenting with fever for > 5 days with serology confirmed ST using IgM ELISA for ST were included after excluding other common tropical infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 650 children, 60 (10%) were infants. Fever (100%) was the commonest presentation with mean duration of 9 days followed by cough and fast breathing. Eschar (33, 55%) was commonly seen in face (14, 23.3%) and were atypical (10, 16.6%) in appearance. Findings such as pallor, oedema, hepatosplenomegaly, lung crackles and hematological abnormalities like anemia, leukocytosis, elevated transaminases were more prevalent in infants compared to older children. Severe ST was observed in 34 (56.7%) infants, commonly presenting with pneumonia and shock. Doxycycline showed quicker defervesence with no adverse events in infants. Logistic regression identified hypoalbuminemia as a significant predictor of severe ST in infants.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>ST in infants is common and pose diagnostic challenge due to overlapping features of other tropical infections. Timely therapy and risk stratification can improve the outcomes in resource limited setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Demographic study of Dengue and Encephalitis in Assam: Understanding the impact of Socio-Economic factors on disease prevalence.","authors":"Nipen Nayak, Sharadindu Bordoloi, Jyoti Soreng, Bitupon Baruah, Biplob Sarmah, Manash Pratim Sarmah, Syeda Nur Asma Ahmed, Shabnam Kharia, Seuj Dohutia","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_34_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_34_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue and Japanese-B-Encephalitis (JE) are Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) that cause public health challenges in rural India with severe socio-economic challenges and health impacts. Assam, a North Eastern state of India is known for its sub-tropical hot and humid conditions that facilitate rapid transmission and survival of disease-carrying vectors. The present study employed the Socio-Economic Systems (SES) framework to explore the key determinants associated with the prevalence of Dengue and Encephalitis in state's diverse environment condition, including urban, peri-urban and rural areas. The study revealed the demographic details, housing conditions, vector control practices offered to households, and community practices in three districts of Assam. Our analysis revealed significant relationships between water supply, water storage systems, and vector breeding site among three districts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 3600 households in three disease prone districts-Dibrugarh, Tinsukia and Karbi Anglong to see the difference in community knowledge and attributes towards Dengue and JE. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire, observation method in Open Data Kit (ODK) platform. Chi-square test was employed to determine district-wise variations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Chi-square showed significant district-wise variations in water supply in households, water storage system, vector breeding sites, mosquito control practices and socio-demographic characteristics. Despite dense vegetation cover, cases of mosquito-borne diseases recorded low in Dibrugarh and Tinsukia. However, livestock rearing in Dibrugarh poses a threat of Encephalitis cases.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The identified factors generated during the study can inform the development of targeted intervention strategies, ultimately aiding in the vector control and prevention of Dengue and Encephalitis in Assam's rural and peri-urban areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysregulation of cytokine profiles plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Scrub typhus associated acute kidney injury.","authors":"Sonali Sandeepta, Subhojeet Biswas, Sujata Dixit, Arundhuti Das, Hitesh Kumar Jain, Sarat Kumar Parida, Purna Chandra Kar, Sushree Sweta Suvarna Pattanaik, Manoranjan Ranjit, Sanghamitra Pati, Madhusmita Bal","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_2_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_2_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Scrub typhus (ST) is a serious mite-borne disease which is recently considered as under-recognized cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). The current study was undertaken to elucidate in finer details the role of inflammatory response in the pathophysiology of Scrub typhus associated AKI (STAKI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was carried out on patients admitted to the Department of Nephrology, SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, a tertiary care hospital of the state. All sera were tested for O. tsutsugamushi using IgM ELISA kit (In Bios International, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA) and PCR assay. The serum level cytokines were detected by using commercially available ELISA kits.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study reveals that 31.4% of the hospitalized AKI samples were positive for scrub typhus. IL-33, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ and Angio-2were significantly high in both scrub typhus associated febrile patients and STAKI patients. However, IL-17, TNF-α and Ang-2 were found to be significantly high in STAKI patients in comparison to scrub typhus associated febrile patients. However, significantly high expression of IL-10 was observed in both groups of scrub typhus patients with and without AKI.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Significantly high levels of IL-17, TNF-α and Ang-2 levels in STAKI patients showed the dysregulated inflammatory response during pathogenesis and can be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring disease progression. However, more studies are needed to shed light on delineating the mechanism which will help in developing future therapeutic target for the management of this neglected tropical disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the potential sibling species status of Anopheles fluviatilis in Gadchiroli (Maharastra).","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, Rubal Kumari, Urvashi Yadav, Suman Lata, Priyanka Bai, Ritesh Ranjha, Supriyalaxmi Totiger, Neelima Mishra, Anup R Anvikar, Himmat Singh","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_187_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_187_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>India has made significant progress in combating malaria and reducing malaria-related mortality and morbidity. Yet, local transmission and malaria hotspots are important hurdles as India looks to achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Gadchiroli district is a highly malaria-endemic area in Maharashtra, India. It accounts for more than 50% of the reported malaria cases in the state. An. culicifacies and Anopheles fluviatilis are the primary malaria vector in the area. However, the status of vector sibling species is unknown in the district In this study, we aimed to identify the sibling species of Anopheles fluviatilis present in the district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An. fluviatilis were collected from the human dwelling of the Dhanora block of the Gadchiroli district. The anopheline mosquitoes were identified morphologically and dissected for detachment of the head and thorax. Sibling species, Incrimination investigations, and analyses of blood meal sources were conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two sibling species of An. fluviatilis S and U were present in the study area. Sibling species S was more prevalent than sibling species U. An. fluviatilis S was found to ingest human blood meal. An. fluviatilis U was feeding on cattle. Nevertheless, none of the samples were found positive for sporozoites or oocysts.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The propensity for malaria transmission varies across sibling species of An. fluviatilis. An. fluviatilis sibling-species S is more prevalent in the Gadchiroli district than sibling species U. The sibling species S was reported to play a major role in malaria transmission in central India. An. fluvilitilis S feeds on humans and sibling species U was found to be more zoophilic. The resting behaviour of both the species was in human dwelling, and it can enhance interaction with the sprayed walls. Consequently, to achieve the objective of malaria elimination, it is imperative to conduct a study of vector bionomics at the sibling species level to designate the most suitable vector control tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the endemicity of Japanese Encephalitis in Central India: A comprehensive study of human and animals in Madhya Pradesh.","authors":"Ram Kumar Nema, Jayant Tapase, Dipesh Kale, Ashwin Ashok Raut, Sumit Kumar Rawat, Sudheer Gupta, Ankur Joshi, Shashwati Nema, Kudsia Ansari, Ashvini Yadav, Debasis Biswas","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_219_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_219_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>With an annual prevalence of 2,000 cases, India has the highest global burden of Japanese Encephalitis (JE). However, the distribution of the disease is not uniform across the country, wherein the states and districts considered endemic are prioritized for vaccination and other control measures. The central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh (MP), which is not yet considered JE-endemic, possesses multiple agents, hosts, and environmental risk factors and is geographically close to several hotspots of transmission. In this study, we explored the potential endemicity of JE in MP by estimating its prevalence in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases, examining its geospatial and temporal distribution, and demonstrating evidence of viremia in known animal reservoirs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 761 human samples were analyzed using an ELISA kit to detect anti-JEV IgM antibodies. Nested and hemi-nested RT-PCR targeting the C-prM region were employed for 93 ELISA-positive human samples, as well as 100 swine and 99 equine samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a prevalence of 13% (99 out of 761) of JE in AES cases, predominantly affecting the pediatric population (73.74%) without any gender predisposition. We found JE viremia in 7% of swine and 8% of equine samples as potential animal reservoirs. Interpretation & conclusion: In conclusion, the study revealed a geospatial distribution of the virus in reservoirs and/or hosts across 22 districts, with high- and intermediate-burden districts clustering near the state's border with other JE-endemic states. The temporal distribution indicated that the virus circulated throughout the year.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging visceral leishmaniasis patients in mid Southern Himalayan region - A public health concern.","authors":"Shivnarayan Sahu, Prasan Kumar Panda, Y P Mathuria, Yogesh Arvind Bahurupi","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_231_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_231_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL, Or Kala-azar) is a potentially lethal vector-borne disease caused by intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania, serve as the primary reservoir; traditionally endemic to Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Eastern Uttar Pradesh of Indian states along river belts, has recently been observed in the past few years to a tertiary care teaching hospital located in Himalayan region (non-endemic, Uttarakhand). This study was done to identify the clinical features, demographics, complications and the risk factors involved in patients of non-endemic region a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study with present-day follow-up of all patients was done on VL patients who were admitted from Jan 2018 to Jan 2024. Diagnosis was established by rK 39 antigen test and/or Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies on bone marrow examination. The clinical and laboratory data, duration of hospital stay and outcomes, and associated risk factors were collected on a proforma and analysed. Factors associated with Himalayan region (Uttarakhand) above Rishikesh (>1120 feet from sea level) were analysed using Chi-square.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male constituted 92% of the study population from which 67% of the population were from the Himalayan region of this middle Southern Himalaya (Uttarakhand). Risk factors such as residence in the rural area (p = 0.47), residence near vegetation (p = 0.12), poor household characteristics (p = 0.073), low educational status (p = 0.073), nearby water body (p = 0.073), poor sewage or garbage disposal (p = 0.241), insect bites (p = 0.040) were associated with Himalayan region emergence. Fever (100%) and malaise (100%) were the most common symptoms presented followed by pain abdomen (29%). Pallor (100%) and Splenomegaly (100%) were the most common abnormality identified on examination followed by hepatomegaly (83%). Anemia (100%), leukopenia (100 %) were the most common biochemical abnormality detected followed by thrombocytopenia (79%), acute liver injury (63%), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) (58%). The disease was diagnosed by the rK39 antigen test (67%), LD bodies in bone marrow examination (67%) and both positive in 29% of the patients. Mortality was seen in 17 % of the patients secondary to sepsis (75%) and one case post-discharge due to unknown reasons.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>VL is emerging in this Himalayan (Uttarakhand) region and has been found to have higher mortality and organ involvement (hepatomegaly) compared to non-Himalayan region. Govt should initiate a surveillance program before declaring elimination/eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for death in leptospirosis: A 20-year retrospective cohort study in Brazil.","authors":"Gabriel Cavalcante Lima Chagas, Gabriel Rotsen Fortes Aguiar, Rafael Cavalcante Lima Chagas, Amanda Ribeiro Rangel, Pedro Miguel Carneiro Jeronimo, Elizabeth De Francesco Daher, Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Júnior, Alice Maria Costa Martins, Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_181_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_181_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira, is prevalent in tropical areas like Brazil. This study aimed to describe the demographics, outcomes, and mortality risk factors in leptospirosis patients in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Brazilian DATASUS database (2001-2020) to evaluate outcomes in individuals diagnosed with leptospirosis. Cases were confirmed through clinical and laboratory criteria. Risk factors for mortality were assessed using both univariate and multivariate regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 64,963 patients, 80.2% were male, and 10.6% experienced all-cause mortality. Some of the risk factors for mortality included respiratory symptoms (OR 3.23), age >60 (OR 2.07), jaundice (OR 1.75), and renal insufficiency (OR 2.07).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Leptospirosis remains a significant health burden in Brazil, especially for young adult males. This study highlights critical risk and protective factors, which may inform targeted interventions and public health policies. Future research should explore non-binary classifications of variables to improve the understanding of leptospirosis mortality determinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An entomological investigation in dengue affected areas during transmission season in district Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.","authors":"R K Singh, Nasreen Akhtar, Pooja Prasad, Gurnam Singh, Himmat Singh","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_14_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_14_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue fever is the most common arboviral disease and a serious public health problem and transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Entomological investigations were carried out in dengue affected villages and urban areas of Haridwar district, Uttarakhand to investigate the prevalence, distribution of Aedes mosquitoes and identify high risk areas in Haridwar for proposing control in the risk areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The entomological survey was carried out in all selected localities in different breeding habitats like domestic and peridomestic containers to detect Ae. aegypti breeding with the help of standard entomological techniques. About 777 houses were screened from 12 dengue affected villages and municipal areas of Haridwar district during the month of November 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 777 surveyed houses, 119 (15.3%) houses have Aedes breeding while out of 4360 water containers only 158 (3.6 %) were found positive for Aedes breeding. During survey HI (15.32), CI (3.62), BI (20.33) and PI (35.78) were also calculated. The distribution of Aedes larvae and Breeding Preference Ratio in different type of breeding habitats were also estimated, the highest positivity of Ae. aegypti larvae was observed in underground/ground level cemented tanks (7.94) followed by tray of domestic refrigerator (4.55), discarded tyres (3.72), desert coolers (1.70), plastic containers (1.47), junk materials (1.28), mud-pots (0.58) and flowerpots (0.42) respectively.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Aedes aegypti mosquito was found to be the dominant species in domestic and peri-domestic breeding habitats, while Aedes albopictus and Aedes vittatus mosquito were also observed in outdoor breeding habitats of the houses. Breeding of Aedes mosquito was found in water storage containers from the same areas where dengue cases were also reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}