Journal of Vector Borne Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the potential sibling species status of Anopheles fluviatilis in Gadchiroli (Maharastra).","authors":"Kuldeep Singh, Rubal Kumari, Urvashi Yadav, Suman Lata, Priyanka Bai, Ritesh Ranjha, Supriyalaxmi Totiger, Neelima Mishra, Anup R Anvikar, Himmat Singh","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_187_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_187_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>India has made significant progress in combating malaria and reducing malaria-related mortality and morbidity. Yet, local transmission and malaria hotspots are important hurdles as India looks to achieve malaria elimination by 2030. Gadchiroli district is a highly malaria-endemic area in Maharashtra, India. It accounts for more than 50% of the reported malaria cases in the state. An. culicifacies and Anopheles fluviatilis are the primary malaria vector in the area. However, the status of vector sibling species is unknown in the district In this study, we aimed to identify the sibling species of Anopheles fluviatilis present in the district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An. fluviatilis were collected from the human dwelling of the Dhanora block of the Gadchiroli district. The anopheline mosquitoes were identified morphologically and dissected for detachment of the head and thorax. Sibling species, Incrimination investigations, and analyses of blood meal sources were conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two sibling species of An. fluviatilis S and U were present in the study area. Sibling species S was more prevalent than sibling species U. An. fluviatilis S was found to ingest human blood meal. An. fluviatilis U was feeding on cattle. Nevertheless, none of the samples were found positive for sporozoites or oocysts.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>The propensity for malaria transmission varies across sibling species of An. fluviatilis. An. fluviatilis sibling-species S is more prevalent in the Gadchiroli district than sibling species U. The sibling species S was reported to play a major role in malaria transmission in central India. An. fluvilitilis S feeds on humans and sibling species U was found to be more zoophilic. The resting behaviour of both the species was in human dwelling, and it can enhance interaction with the sprayed walls. Consequently, to achieve the objective of malaria elimination, it is imperative to conduct a study of vector bionomics at the sibling species level to designate the most suitable vector control tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the endemicity of Japanese Encephalitis in Central India: A comprehensive study of human and animals in Madhya Pradesh.","authors":"Ram Kumar Nema, Jayant Tapase, Dipesh Kale, Ashwin Ashok Raut, Sumit Kumar Rawat, Sudheer Gupta, Ankur Joshi, Shashwati Nema, Kudsia Ansari, Ashvini Yadav, Debasis Biswas","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_219_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_219_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>With an annual prevalence of 2,000 cases, India has the highest global burden of Japanese Encephalitis (JE). However, the distribution of the disease is not uniform across the country, wherein the states and districts considered endemic are prioritized for vaccination and other control measures. The central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh (MP), which is not yet considered JE-endemic, possesses multiple agents, hosts, and environmental risk factors and is geographically close to several hotspots of transmission. In this study, we explored the potential endemicity of JE in MP by estimating its prevalence in acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases, examining its geospatial and temporal distribution, and demonstrating evidence of viremia in known animal reservoirs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 761 human samples were analyzed using an ELISA kit to detect anti-JEV IgM antibodies. Nested and hemi-nested RT-PCR targeting the C-prM region were employed for 93 ELISA-positive human samples, as well as 100 swine and 99 equine samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a prevalence of 13% (99 out of 761) of JE in AES cases, predominantly affecting the pediatric population (73.74%) without any gender predisposition. We found JE viremia in 7% of swine and 8% of equine samples as potential animal reservoirs. Interpretation & conclusion: In conclusion, the study revealed a geospatial distribution of the virus in reservoirs and/or hosts across 22 districts, with high- and intermediate-burden districts clustering near the state's border with other JE-endemic states. The temporal distribution indicated that the virus circulated throughout the year.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging visceral leishmaniasis patients in mid Southern Himalayan region - A public health concern.","authors":"Shivnarayan Sahu, Prasan Kumar Panda, Y P Mathuria, Yogesh Arvind Bahurupi","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_231_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_231_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL, Or Kala-azar) is a potentially lethal vector-borne disease caused by intracellular protozoa of the genus Leishmania, serve as the primary reservoir; traditionally endemic to Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Eastern Uttar Pradesh of Indian states along river belts, has recently been observed in the past few years to a tertiary care teaching hospital located in Himalayan region (non-endemic, Uttarakhand). This study was done to identify the clinical features, demographics, complications and the risk factors involved in patients of non-endemic region a tertiary care hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study with present-day follow-up of all patients was done on VL patients who were admitted from Jan 2018 to Jan 2024. Diagnosis was established by rK 39 antigen test and/or Leishman-Donovan (LD) bodies on bone marrow examination. The clinical and laboratory data, duration of hospital stay and outcomes, and associated risk factors were collected on a proforma and analysed. Factors associated with Himalayan region (Uttarakhand) above Rishikesh (>1120 feet from sea level) were analysed using Chi-square.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Male constituted 92% of the study population from which 67% of the population were from the Himalayan region of this middle Southern Himalaya (Uttarakhand). Risk factors such as residence in the rural area (p = 0.47), residence near vegetation (p = 0.12), poor household characteristics (p = 0.073), low educational status (p = 0.073), nearby water body (p = 0.073), poor sewage or garbage disposal (p = 0.241), insect bites (p = 0.040) were associated with Himalayan region emergence. Fever (100%) and malaise (100%) were the most common symptoms presented followed by pain abdomen (29%). Pallor (100%) and Splenomegaly (100%) were the most common abnormality identified on examination followed by hepatomegaly (83%). Anemia (100%), leukopenia (100 %) were the most common biochemical abnormality detected followed by thrombocytopenia (79%), acute liver injury (63%), and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) (58%). The disease was diagnosed by the rK39 antigen test (67%), LD bodies in bone marrow examination (67%) and both positive in 29% of the patients. Mortality was seen in 17 % of the patients secondary to sepsis (75%) and one case post-discharge due to unknown reasons.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>VL is emerging in this Himalayan (Uttarakhand) region and has been found to have higher mortality and organ involvement (hepatomegaly) compared to non-Himalayan region. Govt should initiate a surveillance program before declaring elimination/eradication.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for death in leptospirosis: A 20-year retrospective cohort study in Brazil.","authors":"Gabriel Cavalcante Lima Chagas, Gabriel Rotsen Fortes Aguiar, Rafael Cavalcante Lima Chagas, Amanda Ribeiro Rangel, Pedro Miguel Carneiro Jeronimo, Elizabeth De Francesco Daher, Geraldo Bezerra da Silva Júnior, Alice Maria Costa Martins, Gdayllon Cavalcante Meneses","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_181_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_181_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira, is prevalent in tropical areas like Brazil. This study aimed to describe the demographics, outcomes, and mortality risk factors in leptospirosis patients in Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Brazilian DATASUS database (2001-2020) to evaluate outcomes in individuals diagnosed with leptospirosis. Cases were confirmed through clinical and laboratory criteria. Risk factors for mortality were assessed using both univariate and multivariate regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 64,963 patients, 80.2% were male, and 10.6% experienced all-cause mortality. Some of the risk factors for mortality included respiratory symptoms (OR 3.23), age >60 (OR 2.07), jaundice (OR 1.75), and renal insufficiency (OR 2.07).</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Leptospirosis remains a significant health burden in Brazil, especially for young adult males. This study highlights critical risk and protective factors, which may inform targeted interventions and public health policies. Future research should explore non-binary classifications of variables to improve the understanding of leptospirosis mortality determinants.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An entomological investigation in dengue affected areas during transmission season in district Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India.","authors":"R K Singh, Nasreen Akhtar, Pooja Prasad, Gurnam Singh, Himmat Singh","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_14_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_14_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Dengue fever is the most common arboviral disease and a serious public health problem and transmitted by Aedes mosquito. Entomological investigations were carried out in dengue affected villages and urban areas of Haridwar district, Uttarakhand to investigate the prevalence, distribution of Aedes mosquitoes and identify high risk areas in Haridwar for proposing control in the risk areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The entomological survey was carried out in all selected localities in different breeding habitats like domestic and peridomestic containers to detect Ae. aegypti breeding with the help of standard entomological techniques. About 777 houses were screened from 12 dengue affected villages and municipal areas of Haridwar district during the month of November 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 777 surveyed houses, 119 (15.3%) houses have Aedes breeding while out of 4360 water containers only 158 (3.6 %) were found positive for Aedes breeding. During survey HI (15.32), CI (3.62), BI (20.33) and PI (35.78) were also calculated. The distribution of Aedes larvae and Breeding Preference Ratio in different type of breeding habitats were also estimated, the highest positivity of Ae. aegypti larvae was observed in underground/ground level cemented tanks (7.94) followed by tray of domestic refrigerator (4.55), discarded tyres (3.72), desert coolers (1.70), plastic containers (1.47), junk materials (1.28), mud-pots (0.58) and flowerpots (0.42) respectively.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Aedes aegypti mosquito was found to be the dominant species in domestic and peri-domestic breeding habitats, while Aedes albopictus and Aedes vittatus mosquito were also observed in outdoor breeding habitats of the houses. Breeding of Aedes mosquito was found in water storage containers from the same areas where dengue cases were also reported.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic dilemma in laboratory confirmation of acute Scrub Typhus infection: Relevance of ST IgM, IgG antibodies and molecular markers.","authors":"V Anitharaj, J Pradeep, Selvaraj Stephen","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.JVBD_179_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.JVBD_179_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Conventionally, the humoral immune response to Scrub Typhus (ST) is the early appearance of IgM during the first week of infection, followed by IgG after 2-3 weeks. Recent publications reveal different trends in Immunological response to ST.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Acute and convalescent blood from 55 (Group-I) and single samples from 152 (Group-II), both clinically suspected as ST, were subjected to ST IgM ELISA, ST IgG ELISA, and ST IgG IFA. Acute samples from Group I and single samples from Group II were subjected to Real-Time PCR (q PCR) to target three genes, 56 kDa, 47 kDa, and groEl.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 262 blood samples were positive for ST IgM ELISA. Positivity for IgG ELISA, IgG IFA and the presence of any one or more gene targets (56kDa/47kDa/growl) in qPCR among the 55 acute samples was 70.9%, 36.4%, and 89.1%, respectively and 87.3%, 45.5% and 78.3% respectively in convalescent samples. In 152 unpaired samples, IgG ELISA was positive in 52.6% and 19.1% in ST IgG IFA. Among 207 samples (Group-I Acute and Group II) subjected to q PCR, groEl, 56 kDa and 47 kDa were present in 59.4%, 44.0%, and 35.7% respectively.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>In view of the persistence of IgM in ST over months and, in some cases, years, there is a diagnostic dilemma in confirming ST based on single ST IgM, especially in ST endemic regions. This is compounded by the additional presence of ST IgG in the early days of acute infection. q PCR is recommended to confirm doubtful cases of ST.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A predictive analysis of insecticide resistance trend on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae over generations upon sublethal treatment with DDT, Malathion and Deltamethrin.","authors":"Aditya Shankar Kataki","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_4_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_4_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Prior studies showed that, repeated exposure of insecticides during the larval stage led to increase in vector resistance. However, a gap of knowledge persisted in analysing the trend of insecticide resistance and cross resistance in mosquitoes upon sublethal treatment during its larval stage over generations with different insecticides. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to comprehend the pattern of insecticide resistance and cross resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae following four generations of sublethal deltamethrin, DDT and malathion treatment. The current study's research questions were [I] would there be an increasing trend of larval resistance observed upon repeated sublethal treatment on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae with several insecticides in each generation, and [II] will the trend of resistance be different for each insecticide?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus in their early 3rd instar were therefore subjected to sublethal doses of deltamethrin (0.01 μg/ml), DDT (1 μg/ml), and malathion (1 μg/ml). The 2 resilience of the larvae was noted after 24hours of exposure Statistical analyses were performed using Generalised Mixed Modelling (glmm) and Log likelihood ratio tests (LRT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed a trend displaying increase in the larval resistance across the generations. Moreover, it was found that the larvae were showing more resistance against DDT followed by deltamethrin and malathion. The cross-resistance analysis demonstrated that larvae resistant to one class of insecticide exhibited an increased level of resistance to other insecticides across successive generations.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Thus, the study successfully evaluated a trend of increase larval resistance in Cx. quinquefasciatus upon continuous exposure with DDT followed by malathion and deltamethrin over multigeneration. The study can act as a reference for future studies especially in vector control management to develop novel vector strategies and stimulating resistance trend for different mosquito species.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144015633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and parasitological efficacy of artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in different transmission settings in India.","authors":"Ritesh Ranjha, Rajendra Baharia, Vani H Chalageri, Bina Srivastava, Naseem Ahmed, Supriya Sharma, Prashant Kumar Mallick, Anupkumar R Anvikar, Praveen Kumar Bharti","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_212_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_212_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>In 2010, artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) were adopted as the first-line artemisinin based combination therapy for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India. Continuous therapeutic efficacy monitoring of firstline anti-malarial drugs is required to update the treatment policy for malaria control and elimination. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (AS+SP) at three sites with different diseases transmission intensity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 28-day, single-arm, prospective study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and parasitological response to AS+SP. Patients received a six-dose regimen of AS+SP over three days and were monitored for 28 days through clinical and laboratory assessments. Participant recruitment and outcome classification was done as per the WHO guidelines for the surveillance of anti-malarial drug efficacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 170 participants were enrolled and 147 of them completed the follow-up. Adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) was observed in 100% of the study participants who completed the follow-up. 100% fever clearance as well as parasite clearance was observed on day 3.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated high therapeutic efficacy and a good safety profile for artesunate and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine at different transmission intensities. This suggests the continuation of the current artemisinin based combination therapy for the treatment of P. falciparum malaria in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Encephalitis in Asia: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Hewa Babarandage Chathurika Harshani, Janaki I Abeynayake","doi":"10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_167_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_167_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Japanese encephalitis (JE) which is caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a significant public health concern in Asia. The JEV is mainly transmitted by Culex mosquitoes breeding in flooded rice fields. The disease can range from mild flu-like symptoms to severe encephalitis and long-term neurological effects with potentially fatal outcomes with a 30% mortality rate. This review aims to gather information on public health importance, JE epidemiology, history, vaccination strategies, and public health interventions in Asian countries. A systematic literature search was conducted using various databases, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, including publications up to 2024. Search terms included \"Japanese encephalitis\", \"epidemiology\", \"outbreaks\", \"prevalence\" and \"prevention & control\". This review highlights the importance of comprehensive vaccination strategies and integrated vector management. Continued efforts are essential to enhance vaccination coverage and strengthen public health infrastructure to mitigate the burden of JE in Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community structure of artificial container-breeding mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and co-occurrence patterns of dengue vectors in mid-western Nepal.","authors":"Buddhi Ram Oli, Manoj Sharma, Pramod Shrestha, Meghnath Dhimal, Ishan Gautam","doi":"10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_228_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JVBD.JVBD_228_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background objectives: </strong>Container-breeding mosquitoes, including vector species such as Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are medically significant. This study assessed community structure, mutual interactions, and container-sharing patterns of mosquito species to understand their community ecology in mid-western Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mosquito larvae were collected from artificial containers of different ecological regions of mid-western Nepal during the post-monsoon season of 2024 using dropper and dipper methods. Mosquito larvae were reared, dead larvae and adults were identified, and their community composition was assessed using Margalef's index, the beta diversity index, Kendall's coefficient of rank correlation (T), Yule's coefficient of association (Q), and assessing co-occurrence patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The larvae of a total of 15 mosquito species, including vectors of dengue, lymphatic filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis, were collected from five types of containers. The mosquito community structure varied in different altitudinal gradients and container types. Altitude and container types had an effect on the larval abundance of A. aegypti and A. albopictus. Mosquito species, including A. aegypti and A. albopictus showed different patterns of association with each other through container sharing.</p><p><strong>Interpretation conclusion: </strong>Artificial water-holding containers commonly found around household premises can serve as potential breeding habitats for mosquitoes, including vector species such as A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The adaptation of dengue vector mosquitoes to other mosquito species in different container types indicates their capacity to establish in different environmental conditions. The presence and adaptability of different vector mosquitoes from the Terai to the high mountain region increased the risk of mosquito-borne diseases in mid-western Nepal and indicate the urgency of mosquito control programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":17660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vector Borne Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144027360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}